CN112205517A - Chicken feed for improving laying rate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Chicken feed for improving laying rate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112205517A CN112205517A CN202011061876.9A CN202011061876A CN112205517A CN 112205517 A CN112205517 A CN 112205517A CN 202011061876 A CN202011061876 A CN 202011061876A CN 112205517 A CN112205517 A CN 112205517A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- silage
- vines
- fruit
- laying rate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of breeding facilities, and particularly discloses a chicken feed for improving laying rate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the chicken feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of concentrated feed, 8-12 parts of premix, 20-40 parts of silage, 15-25 parts of crushed corn and 1-3 parts of vegetable oil; the premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of ginger, 0.5-1 part of hot pepper, 2-4 parts of shaddock peel, 3-5 parts of Chinese wampee leaf, 3-5 parts of evodia rutaecarpa leaf, 3-5 parts of liquorice, 2-3 parts of pumpkin seed shell, 2-3 parts of insect powder, 0.5-1 part of zinc methionine chelate and 0.3-0.5 part of mannan oligosaccharide. According to the invention, the silage and the treated premix are added into the conventional chicken feed, so that the normal flora ecological structure in the intestinal tract of the chicken can be maintained while the nutrition is increased, the feed can be absorbed and utilized by the laying hens, the disease resistance of the chicken can be improved, the use of antibiotics is reduced, and the laying rate of the chicken and the quality of eggs can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a chicken feed for improving laying rate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The eggs have rich nutrition, can be used for frying, boiling, frying or making into snacks and the like, and have wide market application. Through research, the feed with different qualities has important influence on the quality of eggs, and the physical condition of the laying hens also has influence on the quality of the eggs. In recent years, some farmers use highly irritating feeds for increasing the laying rate of laying hens, and these feeds can increase the egg yield in a short period of time, but also greatly affect the body of the laying hens, thereby reducing the digestive function, the immune function, and the like of the laying hens and further affecting the egg quality.
On the other hand, with the rapid development of agricultural industry in China, the vegetable planting scale is greatly increased, a large amount of fruit and vegetable byproducts such as vines, fruit peels and other wastes exist every year, the byproducts contain abundant nutrients and available chemical components, the utilization value is high, but a large amount of vegetable byproducts are randomly discarded and stacked, so that not only is the resource waste caused, but also the soil, water, air and the like are greatly polluted. In recent years, although there are many reports of the use of silage for cattle and sheep, the use of silage for chicken breeding is less. If the fruit and vegetable wastes can be used for raising laying hens, the yield and the quality of eggs are improved, the problem of environmental pollution in rural areas can be solved, and the ecological cycle of agricultural production is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a chicken feed for improving laying rate and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems that fruit and vegetable wastes pollute the environment, the digestive function, the immune function and the like of laying hens are reduced, and the quality of eggs is further influenced.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a chicken feed for improving laying rate, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of concentrated feed, 8-12 parts of premix, 20-40 parts of silage, 15-25 parts of crushed corn and 1-3 parts of vegetable oil; the premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of ginger, 0.5-1 part of hot pepper, 2-4 parts of shaddock peel, 3-5 parts of Chinese wampee leaf, 3-5 parts of evodia rutaecarpa leaf, 3-5 parts of liquorice, 2-3 parts of pumpkin seed shell, 2-3 parts of insect powder, 0.5-1 part of zinc methionine chelate and 0.3-0.5 part of mannan oligosaccharide.
When feeding, the concentrated feed, the premix, the silage, the crushed corn and the vegetable oil are mixed to obtain the feed for the chickens. The silage and the premix are added into the feed, so that the normal flora ecological structure in the intestinal tract of the chicken can be maintained, the feed can be absorbed and utilized by the laying hens, the disease resistance of the chicken can be improved, the use of antibiotics is reduced, and the laying rate and the egg quality of the chicken can be improved. The crushed corn can provide nutrition, increase the friction between the feed and intestines and stomach, and is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of the feed.
Preferably, the silage is prepared by fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of fruit peel and residue, 20-30 parts of fruit and vegetable vines, 5-8 parts of moringa oleifera branches and leaves, 5-8 parts of citrus branches and leaves, 4-6 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of mixed fermentation microbial inoculum A and 2-4 parts of mixed fermentation microbial inoculum B. Preferably, the moringa branches and leaves are selenium-rich moringa branches and leaves. The fruit and vegetable wastes such as pericarp and fruit residue, fruit and vegetable vines and the like are used for raising laying hens, so that the yield and the quality of eggs are improved, the problem of environmental pollution in rural areas is solved, and the ecological cycle of agricultural production is facilitated. The moringa oleifera is rich in protein, selenium and various mineral substances, and is beneficial to improving the selenium content of the eggs and improving the quality of the eggs. Experiments show that the fermented citrus branches and leaves are used for feeding laying hens, so that the feed digestion of the laying hens is promoted, and the laying rate of the laying hens is improved.
Preferably, the fruit peel and fruit residue is at least one of banana peel, mango peel, watermelon peel, dragon fruit peel and longan residue; the fruit and vegetable vines are at least one of tomato vines, peanut vines, cucumber vines, bitter melon vines and towel gourd vines.
Preferably, the mixed fermentation inoculant comprises: the mixed fermentation inoculant A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1 part of trichoderma viride and 1-2 parts of trichoderma reesei; the mixed fermentation inoculum B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 1-2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Preferably, the preparation method of the silage comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively cutting the fruit and vegetable vines, the moringa oleifera branches and leaves and the citrus branches into short rods, spraying saline water for pretreatment, mixing with the fruit peel and the fruit residues, and adjusting the water content to 60-70%; adding 2/3 molasses and mixed fermentation inoculum A, and performing aerobic fermentation at 28-35 deg.C for 2-3 days to obtain primary fermentation product.
(2) And (2) filling the primary fermentation product obtained in the step (1) into a bag, extruding water, spraying the rest molasses and the mixed fermentation microbial inoculum B, sealing the bag opening, carrying out anaerobic fermentation treatment for 30-40 days to obtain mixed silage, carrying out air drying treatment on the mixed silage at the temperature of 30-45 ℃, and crushing to obtain silage.
Spraying saline water is beneficial to regulating the moisture of branches and leaves, and is more beneficial to fermentation. Aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation are combined, so that fermentation is more sufficient, and the fermentation efficiency is further improved.
Preferably, the preparation method of the premix comprises the following steps: respectively pulverizing rhizoma Zingiberis recens, Capsici fructus, pericarpium Citri Grandis, HUANGPI leaf, evodiae fructus leaf, Glycyrrhrizae radix, and fructus Cucurbitae Moschatae seed shell to obtain 60-80 mesh powder, mixing the pulverized materials at a certain proportion, decocting in water to obtain extract, adding insect powder, zinc methionine chelate and mannan oligosaccharide, and mixing to obtain premix. The treated premix is beneficial to the regulation of the intestines and stomach of the chicken, enhances the resistance of the chicken, reduces the use of antibiotics and further improves the quality of eggs.
Preferably, the concentrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of corn flour, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 15-20 parts of bean flour, 10-15 parts of alfalfa powder, 5-10 parts of fishbone powder and 1-5 parts of cottonseed powder. The components of the concentrated material are purchased from the market and can be used after being mixed in proportion.
Preferably, the vegetable oil is peanut oil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, silage, a premix containing components such as zinc methionine chelate and the like are added into a conventional chicken feed, so that the normal flora ecological structure can be maintained in intestinal tracts of chickens while nutrition is increased, the feed can be absorbed and utilized by laying hens, the disease resistance of the chickens can be improved, the use of antibiotics is reduced, and the laying rate of the chickens and the quality of eggs can be improved. Wherein, the fermentation process of the silage combines aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation. Firstly, trichoderma reesei, trichoderma viride and bacillus subtilis are fermented to secrete active ingredients such as cellulase, so that preparation is made for subsequently degrading cellulose and improving the nutritive value of silage, antibiotics can be generated to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria, and the bacillus subtilis can also quickly consume free oxygen to provide an anaerobic environment; the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the lactobacillus plantarum in the second stage are rapidly propagated in an anaerobic environment, organic acid is generated to reduce pH and inhibit the growth and activity of harmful bacteria, and the acidic detergent fiber and the neutral detergent fiber in the raw materials are decomposed by matching with cellulase, so that the nutrient utilization value of silage is improved, the palatability and the digestibility are improved, and the digestion and absorption of the feed are promoted. The processed silage can be stored for a long time, and phenomena of rottenness, mildewing, deterioration and the like can not occur.
2. The invention adopts the fruit peel and the fruit residue, the fruit and vegetable vines, the moringa oleifera branches and leaves, the citrus branches and leaves and the like as the fermentation raw materials of the silage, and not only can solve the problem that the fruit and vegetable wastes pollute the environment, but also can provide more comprehensive nutrient substances. The peel and pomace of watermelon peel, dragon fruit peel and the like, and the vine of fruits and vegetables such as tomato vine, peanut vine and the like are favorable for improving the nutrition and color of eggs, the moringa oleifera is favorable for improving the content of selenium trace elements in the eggs, and the citrus branches and leaves can promote the digestion of laying hens and improve the yield and quality of the eggs.
3. According to the invention, ginger, pepper, shaddock peel, Chinese wampee leaf, evodia leaf, liquorice, pumpkin seed husk and the like are crushed and then mixed with insect powder, zinc methionine chelate and mannan oligosaccharide to obtain the premix, so that the feed additive contains a plurality of phytochemicals such as capsorubin, alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, flavone, citrus peel essential oil and the like, and easily absorbed mineral substances such as zinc methionine and the like, the nutrition is more balanced, the resistance of chickens can be enhanced, the use of antibiotics is reduced, the regulation of hormones in the bodies of laying hens is facilitated, and the yield and the quality of eggs are further improved.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A chicken feed for improving laying rate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of concentrated feed, 8 parts of premix, 40 parts of silage, 15 parts of crushed corn and 3 parts of vegetable oil; the premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of ginger, 1 part of hot pepper, 4 parts of shaddock peel, 3 parts of Chinese wampee leaf, 5 parts of evodia leaf, 3 parts of liquorice, 3 parts of pumpkin seed shell, 2 parts of insect powder, 1 part of zinc methionine chelate and 0.5 part of mannan oligosaccharide.
Further, the silage is prepared by fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of fruit peel and pomace, 30 parts of fruit and vegetable vines, 5 parts of moringa oleifera branches and leaves, 8 parts of citrus branches and leaves, 4 parts of molasses, 1 part of mixed fermentation microbial inoculum A and 4 parts of mixed fermentation microbial inoculum B. In the embodiment, the fruit peel and the pomace are banana peel and watermelon peel; the fruit and vegetable vines are tomato vines and bitter melon vines. The mixed fermentation inoculant A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of trichoderma viride and 1 part of trichoderma reesei; the mixed fermentation inoculum B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Further, the preparation method of the silage comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively cutting the fruit and vegetable vines, the moringa oleifera branches and leaves and the citrus branches into short rods, spraying saline water for pretreatment, mixing with the fruit peel and the fruit residues, and adjusting the water content to 60-70%; adding 2/3 molasses and mixed fermentation bacteria A, and performing aerobic fermentation at 28-35 deg.C for 2 days to obtain primary fermented product;
(2) and (2) filling the primary fermentation product obtained in the step (1) into a bag, extruding water, spraying the rest molasses and the mixed fermentation microbial inoculum B, sealing the bag opening, performing anaerobic fermentation treatment for 40 days to obtain mixed silage, performing air drying treatment on the mixed silage at the temperature of 30-45 ℃, and crushing to obtain silage.
Further, the preparation method of the premix comprises the following steps: respectively pulverizing rhizoma Zingiberis recens, Capsici fructus, pericarpium Citri Grandis, HUANGPI leaf, evodiae fructus leaf, Glycyrrhrizae radix, and fructus Cucurbitae Moschatae seed shell to obtain 60-80 mesh powder, mixing the pulverized materials at a certain proportion, decocting in water to obtain extract, adding insect powder, zinc methionine chelate and mannan oligosaccharide, and mixing to obtain premix.
Further, the concentrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of wheat bran, 15 parts of bean flour, 15 parts of alfalfa flour, 5 parts of fishbone powder and 5 parts of cottonseed powder. The vegetable oil is peanut oil.
Example 2
A chicken feed for improving laying rate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of concentrated feed, 12 parts of premix, 20 parts of silage, 25 parts of crushed corn and 1 part of vegetable oil; the premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of ginger, 0.5 part of hot pepper, 2 parts of shaddock peel, 5 parts of Chinese wampee leaf, 3 parts of evodia leaf, 5 parts of liquorice, 2 parts of pumpkin seed shell, 3 parts of insect powder, 0.8 part of zinc methionine chelate and 0.5 part of mannan oligosaccharide.
Further, the silage is prepared by fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of fruit peel and fruit residues, 20 parts of fruit and vegetable vines, 8 parts of moringa oleifera branches and leaves, 5 parts of citrus branches and leaves, 6 parts of molasses, 2 parts of a mixed fermentation microbial inoculum A and 3 parts of a mixed fermentation microbial inoculum B. In the embodiment, the peel and pomace is mango peel and dragon fruit peel; the fruit and vegetable vines are tomato vines and cucumber vines. The mixed fermentation inoculant A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of trichoderma viride and 1 part of trichoderma reesei; the mixed fermentation inoculum B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Further, the preparation method of the silage comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively cutting the fruit and vegetable vines, the moringa oleifera branches and leaves and the citrus branches into short rods, spraying saline water for pretreatment, mixing with the fruit peel and the fruit residues, and adjusting the water content to 60-70%; adding 2/3 molasses and mixed fermentation bacteria A, and performing aerobic fermentation at 28-35 deg.C for 2 days to obtain primary fermented product;
(2) and (2) filling the primary fermentation product obtained in the step (1) into a bag, extruding water, spraying the rest molasses and the mixed fermentation microbial inoculum B, sealing the bag opening, performing anaerobic fermentation treatment for 30 days to obtain mixed silage, performing air drying treatment on the mixed silage at the temperature of 30-45 ℃, and crushing to obtain silage.
Further, the preparation method of the premix comprises the following steps: respectively pulverizing rhizoma Zingiberis recens, Capsici fructus, pericarpium Citri Grandis, HUANGPI leaf, evodiae fructus leaf, Glycyrrhrizae radix, and fructus Cucurbitae Moschatae seed shell to obtain 60-80 mesh powder, mixing the pulverized materials at a certain proportion, decocting in water to obtain extract, adding insect powder, zinc methionine chelate and mannan oligosaccharide, and mixing to obtain premix.
Further, the concentrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of wheat bran, 20 parts of bean flour, 10 parts of alfalfa powder, 10 parts of fishbone powder and 1 part of cottonseed powder. The vegetable oil is peanut oil.
Example 3
A chicken feed for improving laying rate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of concentrated feed, 10 parts of premix, 30 parts of silage, 20 parts of crushed corn and 2 parts of vegetable oil; the premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of ginger, 0.5 part of hot pepper, 3 parts of shaddock peel, 4 parts of Chinese wampee leaf, 4 parts of evodia leaf, 4 parts of liquorice, 3 parts of pumpkin seed shell, 2 parts of insect powder, 0.6 part of zinc methionine chelate and 0.6 part of mannan oligosaccharide.
Further, the silage is prepared by fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of fruit peel and pomace, 25 parts of fruit and vegetable vines, 6 parts of moringa oleifera branches and leaves, 6 parts of citrus branches and leaves, 5 parts of molasses, 2 parts of a mixed fermentation microbial inoculum A and 4 parts of a mixed fermentation microbial inoculum B. In the embodiment, the peel and pomace is banana peel, mango peel and watermelon peel; the fruit and vegetable vines are tomato vines, cucumber vines, bitter gourd vines and towel gourd vines. The mixed fermentation inoculant A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of trichoderma viride and 2 parts of trichoderma reesei; the mixed fermentation inoculum B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Further, the preparation method of the silage comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively cutting the fruit and vegetable vines, the moringa oleifera branches and leaves and the citrus branches into short rods, spraying saline water for pretreatment, mixing with the fruit peel and the fruit residues, and adjusting the water content to 60-70%; adding 2/3 molasses and mixed fermentation bacteria A, and performing aerobic fermentation at 28-35 deg.C for 3 days to obtain primary fermentation product;
(2) and (2) filling the primary fermentation product obtained in the step (1) into a bag, extruding water, spraying the rest molasses and the mixed fermentation microbial inoculum B, sealing the bag opening, performing anaerobic fermentation treatment for 35 days to obtain mixed silage, performing air drying treatment on the mixed silage at the temperature of 30-45 ℃, and crushing to obtain silage.
Further, the preparation method of the premix comprises the following steps: respectively pulverizing rhizoma Zingiberis recens, Capsici fructus, pericarpium Citri Grandis, HUANGPI leaf, evodiae fructus leaf, Glycyrrhrizae radix, and fructus Cucurbitae Moschatae seed shell to obtain 60-80 mesh powder, mixing the pulverized materials at a certain proportion, decocting in water to obtain extract, adding insect powder, zinc methionine chelate and mannan oligosaccharide, and mixing to obtain premix.
Further, the concentrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of corn flour, 18 parts of wheat bran, 16 parts of bean flour, 12 parts of alfalfa meal, 8 parts of fishbone meal and 3 parts of cottonseed meal. The vegetable oil is peanut oil.
Comparative example 1
The chicken feed provided by the embodiment is a commercially available chicken feed, and mainly comprises the following components: corn flour, wheat bran, bean flour, alfalfa meal, fishbone meal, stone powder and vegetable oil; simultaneously adding dry mixture of tomato vine and balsam pear vine, i.e. the mixture is used for replacing silage.
Comparative example 2
The chicken feed of the embodiment comprises: 60-80 parts of concentrated material, 8-12 parts of premix, 15-25 parts of crushed corn and 1-3 parts of vegetable oil; the premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of ginger, 0.5-1 part of hot pepper, 2-4 parts of shaddock peel, 3-5 parts of Chinese wampee leaf, 3-5 parts of evodia rutaecarpa leaf, 3-5 parts of liquorice, 2-3 parts of pumpkin seed shell and 2-3 parts of insect powder. Wherein the premix is simply pulverized and mixed.
Comparative example 3
The chicken feed of the embodiment comprises: 60-80 parts of concentrated feed, 8-12 parts of premix, 20-40 parts of silage and 1-3 parts of vegetable oil; the premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of ginger, 0.5-1 part of pepper, 2-4 parts of shaddock peel, 3-5 parts of Chinese wampee leaf, 3-5 parts of liquorice and 2-3 parts of pumpkin seed shell. Wherein the silage is obtained by carrying out conventional anaerobic fermentation on straws and bacillus subtilis; the premix is simply crushed and mixed without adding zinc methionine chelate, mannan oligosaccharide and the like.
Test example 1
Comparing the example 1 with the comparative example, the contents of crude protein, crude fiber and organic acid in the prepared silage are measured, all indexes are based on dry matters, the measurement results are shown in table 1, and the table 1 shows that the crude protein, the crude fiber and the propionic acid content of the silage prepared by the method are increased, the butyric acid is not detected, no bad fermentation is caused, the total organic acid is increased obviously, the growth of harmful bacteria is inhibited, and the propagation and growth of beneficial bacteria are promoted. The fermentation treatment improves the nutritional quality of the silage and improves the palatability of the silage.
TABLE 1 silage content
| Item | Untreated | Example 1 |
| Crude protein (%) | 14.58 | 16.37 |
| Crude fiber (%) | 19.47 | 18.73 |
| Lactic acid (%) | ND | 1.75 |
| Acetic acid (%) | 0.88 | 0.82 |
| Propionic acid (%) | ND | 0.52 |
| Butyric acid (%) | ND | ND |
| Total acid of organic acid (%) | 0.88 | 3.09 |
In addition, the mixed silage prepared in example 1 further contains lycopene, folic acid, flavone, vitamins and the like, and the total flavone content is 3571 mg/kg; these substances can enhance immunity, improve disease resistance, and enhance oxidation resistance.
In addition, compared with the comparative example, the premix prepared by adopting zinc methionine chelate, mannan oligosaccharide and the like in the example 1 contains a plurality of phytochemicals such as capsorubin, alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, flavone, citrus peel essential oil and the like, and easily absorbed minerals such as zinc methionine and the like, has more balanced nutrition, can enhance the resistance of the chicken, reduce the use of antibiotics, is beneficial to the regulation of hormones in the body of the laying hen, and further improves the yield and the quality of eggs.
Test example 2
750 laying hens with good health condition and 150 days old are selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, the 4 groups are respectively a control group and the groups of examples 1-3, each group is provided with 3 repeated treatments, and each repeated group is provided with 50 laying hens for cage culture. The control group was fed with normal daily ration, the groups of examples 1-3 were fed with the feeds of examples 1-3, respectively, and the group of comparative example 1 was fed with the feed of comparative example 3. Feeding for 1 time at 9:00 and 16:30 times a day, and keeping the rest according to conventional animal feeding management. After 40 days of feeding, the laying hens enter a stable egg laying period, and the production performance, egg laying quality, egg nutritional ingredients and egg yolk antioxidant indexes of the laying hens are tested for 30 days.
The production performance is as follows: during the test period, eggs are picked up at 8:30 and 16:00 days, and after the test is finished, the egg yield, the laying rate, the egg weight and the feed-egg ratio are counted.
Egg quality: at the end of the experiment, 3 egg samples were randomly taken per repetition, and the yolk ratio, shell thickness, shell strength, yolk color and egg shape index were measured and averaged.
The nutrient components of the eggs are as follows: 4 egg samples were randomly sampled for each replicate in the control, comparative 1 and example 2 groups, respectively.
The oxidation resistance index of the eggs is as follows: after the test is finished, 6 egg samples are randomly taken in each repetition, and the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) are detected. Adding equivalent amount of physiological saline into yolk, mixing, extracting for 2min, centrifuging at 3000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, and determining GSH-Px activity with kit; the supernatant was diluted with physiological saline at a ratio of 1:4, and 0.05mL of the sample was taken to determine SOD activity using a kit. And (3) sucking yolk, adding 9 times of volume of absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly mixing by using a mixer, extracting for 3min, centrifuging for 10min at 4000r/min, taking 0.2mL of supernatant, and detecting the content of MDA by using a kit.
And (3) test results: table 2 shows the laying performance data of the layers, and it can be seen that the laying rate of the example group is higher than that of the control group; compared with a control group, the laying rate of the example group is obviously improved, the soft egg breaking rate and the feed-egg ratio are obviously reduced, and the feed-egg ratio is further reduced, which shows that the laying performance of the laying hens can be effectively improved by feeding the laying hens with the feed.
TABLE 2 influence of feed on the production Performance of egg-laying hens
Table 3 shows the egg quality data of the laying hens, and it can be seen from table 3 that the egg yolk ratio, the eggshell thickness and the eggshell strength of the experimental group are all higher than those of the control group, wherein the egg yolk ratio is improved by more than 16%, the eggshell strength is improved by more than 16%, and the color of the egg yolk is deepened and improved by more than 2 chromaticities. Meanwhile, the feed provided by the invention increases the density of egg shells, improves the anti-compression capacity of eggs, and prolongs the shelf life of eggs. The data show that the quality of eggs can be effectively improved and the yolk color can be deepened by feeding the feed, compared with the dry mixture in the proportion 3, the fermentation treatment enables some crude fibers in fruits and vegetables to be decomposed, and the fermentation treatment can obtain lactic acid, so that the utilization rate of the nutritional ingredients of the feed can be improved.
Table 3 influence of feed of the present invention on egg quality of laying hens
In addition, the egg-laying peak period of the chickens fed in the examples is prolonged by about one month; the prevalence of the whole laying period chickens was significantly reduced compared to the comparative example.
In conclusion, the silage, the premix containing the zinc methionine chelate and other components are added into the conventional chicken feed, so that the normal flora ecological structure in the intestinal tract of the chicken can be maintained while the nutrition is increased, the feed can be absorbed and utilized by the laying hens, the disease resistance of the chicken can be improved, the use of antibiotics is reduced, and the laying rate of the chicken and the quality of eggs can be improved.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The chicken feed for improving the laying rate is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of concentrated feed, 8-12 parts of premix, 20-40 parts of silage, 15-25 parts of crushed corn and 1-3 parts of vegetable oil; the premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of ginger, 0.5-1 part of hot pepper, 2-4 parts of shaddock peel, 3-5 parts of Chinese wampee leaf, 3-5 parts of evodia rutaecarpa leaf, 3-5 parts of liquorice, 2-3 parts of pumpkin seed shell, 2-3 parts of insect powder, 0.5-1 part of zinc methionine chelate and 0.3-0.5 part of mannan oligosaccharide.
2. The laying rate-improving chicken feed according to claim 1, wherein the silage is prepared by fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of fruit peel and residue, 20-30 parts of fruit and vegetable vines, 5-8 parts of moringa oleifera branches and leaves, 5-8 parts of citrus branches and leaves, 4-6 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of mixed fermentation microbial inoculum A and 2-4 parts of mixed fermentation microbial inoculum B.
3. The laying rate-improving chicken feed according to claim 2, wherein the pericarp and pomace is at least one of banana peel, mango peel, watermelon peel, dragon fruit peel and longan pomace; the fruit and vegetable vines are at least one of tomato vines, peanut vines, cucumber vines, bitter melon vines and towel gourd vines.
4. The chicken feed for improving laying rate according to claim 2, wherein the mixed fermentation inoculant A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1 part of trichoderma viride and 1-2 parts of trichoderma reesei; the mixed fermentation inoculum B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 1-2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae.
5. The laying rate-improving chicken feed according to claim 4, wherein the silage is prepared by a method comprising:
(1) respectively cutting the fruit and vegetable vines, the moringa oleifera branches and leaves and the citrus branches into short rods, spraying saline water for pretreatment, mixing with the fruit peel and the fruit residues, and adjusting the water content to 60-70%; adding 2/3 molasses and mixed fermentation bacteria A, and performing aerobic fermentation at 28-35 deg.C for 2-3 days to obtain primary fermentation product;
(2) and (2) filling the primary fermentation product obtained in the step (1) into a bag, extruding water, spraying the rest molasses and the mixed fermentation microbial inoculum B, sealing the bag opening, carrying out anaerobic fermentation treatment for 30-40 days to obtain mixed silage, carrying out air drying treatment on the mixed silage at the temperature of 30-45 ℃, and crushing to obtain silage.
6. The laying rate-improving chicken feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the premix is prepared by the following method: respectively pulverizing rhizoma Zingiberis recens, Capsici fructus, pericarpium Citri Grandis, HUANGPI leaf, evodiae fructus leaf, Glycyrrhrizae radix, and fructus Cucurbitae Moschatae seed shell to obtain 60-80 mesh powder, mixing the pulverized materials at a certain proportion, decocting in water to obtain extract, adding insect powder, zinc methionine chelate and mannan oligosaccharide, and mixing to obtain premix.
7. The laying rate-improving chicken feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentrate comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of corn flour, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 15-20 parts of bean flour, 10-15 parts of alfalfa powder, 5-10 parts of fishbone powder and 1-5 parts of cottonseed powder.
8. The laying rate-enhancing chicken feed of claim 1, wherein the vegetable oil is peanut oil.
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Application publication date: 20210112 |