CN112145269A - 一种基于柴油机排气中no2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法 - Google Patents

一种基于柴油机排气中no2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法 Download PDF

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CN112145269A
CN112145269A CN202010701192.4A CN202010701192A CN112145269A CN 112145269 A CN112145269 A CN 112145269A CN 202010701192 A CN202010701192 A CN 202010701192A CN 112145269 A CN112145269 A CN 112145269A
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叶飞
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Abstract

本发明公开一种基于柴油机排气中NO2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法，采集数据，通过步骤1中SCR上游NOx传感器得到NOx的质量流量，通过当前工况的尿素与NOx质量的消耗比例，即可计算出当前需求尿素喷射量；当NO2/NOx比例r≤50％时，喷射尿素的质量为NOx质量的2倍，当NO2/NOx比例r＞50％时，喷射尿素的质量为NOx质量的1.33(1+r)倍。提出一种模型，只需要测量发动机运行的不同工况下SCR入口处NO2/NOx的比例，即可计算得到尿素中NH3与NOx的消耗比系数facNOxtoNH3，能节省大量的试验成本。通过化学反应方程式以及NO、NO2与尿素中NH3的反应速度特性，直接计算得到当前工况条件下的尿素与NOx的消耗质量比，从而控制尿素实时喷射量。

Description

一种基于柴油机排气中NO2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法
技术领域
本发明涉及尾气处理技术领域，特别涉及一种基于柴油机排气中NO2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法。
背景技术
国六阶段，柴油车普遍采用SCR(选择性催化还原技术)路线，需要消耗尿素来减少尾气中的NOx排放。本发明旨在不通过后处理试验，直接基于SCR入口处NO2/NOx比例，通过化学反应速率以及后处理前NOx传感器测量的NOx质量流量，直接计算需求的尿素喷射量。
现有技术都是通过台架的SCR填充与清空试验，得到NOx与NH3的反应比例，此方法通过选择发动机全部运行的转速油门区域中至少25-30个稳态工况点，在每个工况点稳态运行过程中，清空SCR后按照固定尿素喷射量来喷射尿素，直到在后处理的ASC后通过设备检测出NH3泄露，才停喷尿素，再运行一段时间直到SCR内存储的NH3消耗完以后，计算喷射的尿素质量与消耗掉的NOx质量，得到当前工况下尿素与NOx的消耗比例。每个工况点需要占用试验室台架资源约4小时，总的运行时间至少约100-120小时，消耗试验室资源成本与时间成本都较大。
同时，由于后处理有ASC(氨逃逸催化器)，喷射的尿素中在出现NH3泄露之前，已经有相当一部分未与NOx化学反应的尿素被ASC消耗掉了，导致计算的结果中，所需的尿素与NOx消耗比例结果偏大，试验结果精度较低。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的上述不足，本发明提供了一种基于柴油机排气中NO2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法。
为了达到上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种基于柴油机排气中NO2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：采集数据，在SCR入口处获取NO2/NOx的比例
在发动机后处理SCR入口处加工采样孔，利用台架的直采排放仪设备同时测量发动机万有特性中全部运行工况NO与NOx(主要由NO与NO2组成)的ppm浓度值，
NO2的比例则可计算为1-NO/NOx；
步骤2：NOx与NH3的化学反应
标准反应：4NH3+4NO+O2→4N2+6H20
快反应：4NH3+2NO+2NO2→4N2+6H20
慢反应：8NH3+6NO2→7N2+12H20
步骤3：建立模型
假设有NOX的摩尔数是m，NO2/NOX体积比例为r，
则NO2摩尔数＝mr；NO摩尔数＝m(1-r),
通过步骤1中SCR上游NOx传感器得到NOx的质量流量，通过当前工况的尿素与NOx质量的消耗比例，即可计算出当前需求尿素喷射量；
步骤4：得出结果
当NO2/NOx比例r≤50％时，喷射尿素的质量为NOx质量的2倍，
当NO2/NOx比例r＞50％时，喷射尿素的质量为NOx质量的1.33(1+r)倍。
进一步，NH3的摩尔质量MNH3＝17.03g/mol，NOx的摩尔质量为MNOx＝46.01g/mol，市面上售卖的尿素水溶液浓度为32.5％，尿素水溶液的质量为NH3质量的5.425倍。
进一步，快反应的反应速度是慢反应的约17倍，所以当NO与NO2同时存在时，只考虑快反应。
进一步，当r≤50％时，NO2的摩尔数小于NO。首先进行快反应，消耗掉全部的NO2，然后多余的NO与NH3进行标准反应；快反应与标准反应中，消耗的NH3的摩尔数与NOX的摩尔数比值＝m/m＝1；
则NH3与NOX的质量比＝m*MNH3/m*MNOX＝0.37，
则尿素与NOX的质量比＝0.37*5.425＝2。
进一步，当r>50％时，NO2的摩尔数大于NO。因此先进行快反应，后进行慢反应；
按照快反应计算，NO消耗完时剩余的NO2摩尔数为(2mr-m)，然后NO2按照慢反应进行， NO2与NH3的消耗比例为6:8，
综合考虑快反应与慢反应，则NH3与NOX的质量比＝(2/3)m(1+r)*MNH3/m*MNOX；
则NH3与NOX的质量比＝(2/3)(1+r)*(17.03/46.01)＝0.246(1+r)，
尿素与NOX的质量比＝5.425*0.246(1+r)＝1.33(1+r)。
本发明的有益效果为：提出一种模型，只需要测量发动机运行的不同工况下SCR入口处 NO2/NOx的比例，即可计算得到尿素中NH3与NOx的消耗比系数facNOxtoNH3，能节省大量的试验成本。通过化学反应方程式以及NO、NO2与尿素中NH3的反应速度特性，直接计算得到当前工况条件下的尿素与NOx的消耗质量比，从而控制尿素实时喷射量。此方法不需要额外的试验室资源，台架资源大大减少，为柴油机开发节省大量的试验与人力成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的测量示意图；
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚地理解，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
一种基于柴油机排气中NO2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法，一种基于柴油机排气中NO2 比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：采集数据，在SCR入口处获取NO2/NOx的比例
在发动机后处理SCR入口处加工采样孔，利用台架的直采排放仪设备同时测量发动机万有特性中全部运行工况NO与NOx(主要由NO与NO2组成)的ppm浓度值，
NO2的比例则可计算为1-NO/NOx；
步骤2：NOx与NH3的化学反应
标准反应：4NH3+4NO+O2→4N2+6H20
快反应：4NH3+2NO+2NO2→4N2+6H20
慢反应：8NH3+6NO2→7N2+12H20
步骤3：建立模型
假设有NOX的摩尔数是m，NO2/NOX体积比例为r，
则NO2摩尔数＝mr；NO摩尔数＝m(1-r),
通过步骤1中SCR上游NOx传感器得到NOx的质量流量，通过当前工况的尿素与NOx质量的消耗比例，即可计算出当前需求尿素喷射量；
NH3的摩尔质量MNH3＝17.03g/mol，NOx的摩尔质量为MNOx＝46.01g/mol，市面上售卖的尿素水溶液浓度为32.5％，尿素水溶液的质量为NH3质量的5.425倍。
快反应的反应速度是慢反应的约17倍，所以当NO与NO2同时存在时，只考虑快反应。
当r≤50％时，NO2的摩尔数小于NO。首先进行快反应，消耗掉全部的NO2，然后多余的NO 与NH3进行标准反应；快反应与标准反应中，消耗的NH3的摩尔数与NOX的摩尔数比值＝m/m＝1；
则NH3与NOX的质量比＝m*MNH3/m*MNOX＝0.37，
则尿素与NOX的质量比＝0.37*5.425＝2。
当r>50％时，NO2的摩尔数大于NO。因此先进行快反应，后进行慢反应；
按照快反应计算，NO消耗完时剩余的NO2摩尔数为(2mr-m)，然后NO2按照慢反应进行，NO2与NH3的消耗比例为6:8，
综合考虑快反应与慢反应，则NH3与NOX的质量比＝(2/3)m(1+r)*MNH3/m*MNOX；
则NH3与NOX的质量比＝(2/3)(1+r)*(17.03/46.01)＝0.246(1+r)，
尿素与NOX的质量比＝5.425*0.246(1+r)＝1.33(1+r)。
步骤4：得出结果
当NO2/NOx比例r≤50％时，喷射尿素的质量为NOx质量的2倍，
当NO2/NOx比例r＞50％时，喷射尿素的质量为NOx质量的1.33(1+r)倍。
以上所述仅为本发明专利的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明专利，凡在本发明专利的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明专利的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种基于柴油机排气中NO2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：采集数据，在SCR入口处获取NO2/NOx的比例
在发动机后处理SCR入口处加工采样孔，利用台架的直采排放仪设备同时测量发动机万有特性中全部运行工况NO与NOx(主要由NO与NO2组成)的ppm浓度值，
NO2的比例则可计算为1-NO/NOx；
步骤2：NOx与NH3的化学反应
标准反应：4NH3+4NO+O2→4N2+6H20
快反应：4NH3+2NO+2NO2→4N2+6H20
慢反应：8NH3+6NO2→7N2+12H20
步骤3：建立模型
假设有NOX的摩尔数是m，NO2/NOX体积比例为r，
则NO2摩尔数＝mr；NO摩尔数＝m(1-r),
通过步骤1中SCR上游NOx传感器得到NOx的质量流量，通过当前工况的尿素与NOx质量的消耗比例，即可计算出当前需求尿素喷射量；
步骤4：得出结果
当NO2/NOx比例r≤50％时，喷射尿素的质量为NOx质量的2倍，
当NO2/NOx比例r＞50％时，喷射尿素的质量为NOx质量的1.33(1+r)倍。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于柴油机排气中NO2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法，其特征在于：NH3的摩尔质量MNH3＝17.03g/mol，NOx的摩尔质量为MNOx＝46.01g/mol，市面上售卖的尿素水溶液浓度为32.5％，尿素水溶液的质量为NH3质量的5.425倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于柴油机排气中NO2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法，其特征在于：快反应的反应速度是慢反应的约17倍，所以当NO与NO2同时存在时，只考虑快反应。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于柴油机排气中NO2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法，其特征在于：
当r≤50％时，NO2的摩尔数小于NO。首先进行快反应，消耗掉全部的NO2，然后多余的NO与NH3进行标准反应；快反应与标准反应中，消耗的NH3的摩尔数与NOX的摩尔数比值＝m/m＝1；
则NH3与NOX的质量比＝m*MNH3/m*MNOX＝0.37，
则尿素与NOX的质量比＝0.37*5.425＝2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于柴油机排气中NO2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法，其特征在于：
当r>50％时，NO2的摩尔数大于NO。因此先进行快反应，后进行慢反应；
按照快反应计算，NO消耗完时剩余的NO2摩尔数为(2mr-m)，然后NO2按照慢反应进行，NO2与NH3的消耗比例为6:8，
综合考虑快反应与慢反应，则NH3与NOX的质量比＝(2/3)m(1+r)*MNH3/m*MNOX；
则NH3与NOX的质量比＝(2/3)(1+r)*(17.03/46.01)＝0.246(1+r)，
尿素与NOX的质量比＝5.425*0.246(1+r)＝1.33(1+r)。
CN202010701192.4A 2020-07-20 2020-07-20 一种基于柴油机排气中no2比例计算的尿素喷射量计算方法 Pending CN112145269A (zh)

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