CN112122587A - Metal foam material-metal composite structural part and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Metal foam material-metal composite structural part and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112122587A
CN112122587A CN202010780853.7A CN202010780853A CN112122587A CN 112122587 A CN112122587 A CN 112122587A CN 202010780853 A CN202010780853 A CN 202010780853A CN 112122587 A CN112122587 A CN 112122587A
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China
Prior art keywords
metal
foam
alloy
metal composite
foam material
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Pending
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CN202010780853.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王同敏
郭恩宇
路逸尘
康慧君
陈宗宁
李廷举
曹志强
卢一平
接金川
张宇博
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Priority to CN202010780853.7A priority Critical patent/CN112122587A/en
Publication of CN112122587A publication Critical patent/CN112122587A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon

Abstract

The invention provides a metal foam material-metal composite structural part and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the metal foam material-metal composite structural part comprises the following steps: placing the pre-processed foam material and the mould in a box type furnace at 300-600 ℃ for preheating and heat preservation; heating the alloy to be molten, preserving heat at 700-750 ℃, and introducing inert gas for degassing for 3-15 min; adding an Al-5Ti-B refiner into the alloy according to the mass ratio of 0.1-1%, and preserving the heat for 5-20 minutes at 700-750 ℃; and cooling the alloy liquid to 680-740 ℃, casting the alloy liquid into a mold, and air-cooling the alloy liquid to room temperature to prepare the metal foam material-metal composite structural member. The bonding interface of the two materials of the metal foam material-metal composite structural member has good metallurgical bonding, and the higher bonding strength is ensured.

Description

Metal foam material-metal composite structural part and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a material technology, in particular to a metal foam material-metal composite structural member and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The metal foam material has good sound insulation, heat insulation, flame retardance, impact resistance and electromagnetic shielding functions due to the specific porous structure, and has higher specific strength and specific rigidity but lower overall mechanical property. The metal foam material and the high-strength metal are combined to form a composite structure material, so that the composite structure material has light weight and good comprehensive mechanical properties, such as the characteristics of good tensile, compression and bending resistance, high strength and impact energy absorption, can meet the application in some light weight fields, particularly the aerospace field, and has extremely high application prospect. At present, a metal foam material-metal composite structural part can be prepared by gluing, welding, mechanical bonding and melt foaming die-casting molding methods, wherein the shape of the composite structural part prepared by the gluing, welding and mechanical bonding methods is relatively simple, most of the composite structural parts are sandwich structures and filling pipes, and the bonding between the metal foam material and the metal material is relatively weak, so that the application requirement of high performance is difficult to meet; the composite structural member prepared by the melt foaming die-casting method is unstable in preparation process, the size and porosity of bubbles of the metal foam material are difficult to control, and meanwhile, the outer layer solid metal is thin and uneven in performance is easy to generate, so that the use of the material is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a metal foam material-metal composite structural member, aiming at the problems that the combination between the existing metal foam material and the metal material is relatively weak and the application requirement of high performance is difficult to meet.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of a metal foam material-metal composite structural part (taking 7075 aluminum alloy-foamed aluminum as an example) comprises the following steps:
(1) fixing the pre-processed foam material in a clamping groove of a mold, and after fixing, placing the whole mold in a box type furnace at 300-600 ℃ (preferably 500 ℃) for preheating and heat preservation; the foam material and the die need to be preheated simultaneously, the preheating temperature is not a fixed value, and the temperature range is any temperature lower than the melting point of the foam material.
(2) Heating the alloy to be molten, preserving heat at 700-750 ℃ (preferably 730 ℃) and introducing inert gas to degas for 3-15 min (preferably 10 min); argon is introduced for degassing to reduce the content of gas dissolved in the melt.
(3) Adding an Al-5Ti-B refiner into the alloy according to the mass ratio of 0.1-1% (preferably 0.3%), and preserving the heat for 5-20 (preferably 10) minutes at 700-750 ℃ (preferably 730 ℃); the refiner (7075) refines the melt, provides grain nucleation and reduces the grain size of the casting.
(4) Cooling the alloy liquid to 680-740 ℃ (preferably 710 ℃), casting the alloy liquid into a mold, and air-cooling the alloy liquid to room temperature to prepare the metal foam material-metal composite structural member; the casting temperature of the invention is determined by the type of the metal material, and the optimal casting temperature corresponding to the metal material is selected (for example, 7075 aluminum alloy is cooled to 710 ℃).
Further, the alloy is an alloy that can be cast, including but not limited to 7075 aluminum alloy, 1-series aluminum alloy, 2-series aluminum alloy, 4-series aluminum alloy, or other 7-series aluminum alloy.
Further, the foam material is a closed cell foam structure metal material, including but not limited to aluminum foam. And (1) selecting a foam material with proper porosity, pore shape and pore inner diameter as an inner layer material according to the shape and performance of the required composite structural member.
Further, the foam material obtained in the step (1) is processed by a machining mode, so that the foam material can be independently fixed in a mold.
Furthermore, the mold is a bottom casting type graphite mold, a parallel surface with the largest cross section area of a casting is used as a parting surface, and the mold is provided with an exhaust groove for exhausting foam material air.
Further, the inert gas is argon gas, and the gas in the melt is discharged.
Further, the metal foam material-metal composite structural part prepared in the step (4) is subjected to strengthening heat treatment, and the selection of the subsequent strengthening heat treatment is carried out according to the performance requirements, for example, T6 treatment of 7075 aluminum alloy is adopted.
Further, the strengthening heat treatment is carried out at the temperature of 450-465 ℃ for 1-3 h, the temperature is increased to 470-480 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-5 ℃/h, and water quenching is carried out quickly after the temperature is increased; and (3) placing the mixture in a heat preservation box at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ for aging for 20-28 h after water quenching.
The invention also discloses a metal foam material-metal composite structural member prepared by the method.
The invention relates to a metal foam material-metal composite structural part and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a method for preparing a light high-strength foam aluminum-aluminum alloy composite structural part by a casting method, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
1) the preparation method is not limited by the shape of the composite structural member, the structural member with complex shape can be prepared by the method, the method is not limited to filling pipes and cubic castings, and meanwhile, the thickness of the solid metal on the outer layer is not limited, and the casting with larger size can be prepared.
2) The preparation method is not limited by materials, the inner-layer metal foam material only needs to be of a closed-cell structure, the inner-layer metal foam material and the outer-layer solid metal do not need to be made of the same material, and the required outer-layer solid metal can be selected according to performance requirements for preparation.
3) The composite structural member prepared by the preparation method can be subjected to subsequent heat treatment strengthening, so that the composite structural member is matched with the required performance, and the requirements of different fields can be flexibly met.
4) The composite structural member prepared by the preparation method has good metallurgical bonding between the interfaces, can effectively transfer load under a loaded condition, and improves the overall mechanical property.
In summary, the metal foam material-metal composite structural member of the present invention is extremely little restricted by the shape; the interface of the two components has good metallurgical bonding, the configuration design is flexible, the overall performance of the structural component can be realized through the selection of outer layer metal materials, material and structural parameters such as wall thickness and the like, and a subsequent heat treatment strengthening process, and the requirements of light-weight high-strength composite structural components in various fields can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of making a metal foam-metal composite structural member;
FIG. 2 is a view of a cylindrical cast composite mold;
FIG. 3 is a view of a T-shaped casting composite mold;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section of a cylindrical casting;
FIG. 5 is a cross-section of a cylindrical casting;
FIG. 6 is an external view of a T-shaped casting;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a T-shaped casting.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a 7075 aluminum alloy-foamed aluminum composite structural member, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining the composite structural member to be a closed-cell foamed aluminum-7075 composite cylindrical structure with an inner diameter of 35mm, an outer diameter of 45mm and a height of 150mm, as shown in casting 3 in FIG. 2, and selecting a density of 0.4g/cm3The foamed aluminum of (a) as a raw material;
the second step is that: designing a graphite mould, wherein a parting surface is a cylindrical longitudinal section and is designed into bottom casting type casting, the top of the mould is provided with an exhaust hole, and foamed aluminum is fixed in the mould through two ends, and the whole is shown in the attached drawing; the composite mold for cylindrical casting of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and comprises a first cavity 1 (upper cavity) and a second cavity 2 (lower cavity).
The third step: combining the mould with the foamed aluminum inner core, and preheating in a 500 ℃ box type furnace;
the fourth step: heating 7075 aluminum alloy to melt, keeping the temperature at 730 ℃, and introducing argon to degas for 10 min;
the fifth step: adding Al-5Ti-B refiner into 7075 aluminum alloy according to the mass ratio of 0.3%, and preserving the heat for 10 minutes at 730 ℃;
and a sixth step: cooling 7075 aluminum alloy liquid to 710 ℃, casting into a mold, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a casting 3, as shown in figure 2;
the seventh step: cutting off a casting runner, machining the casting runner into a final size, carrying out strengthening solid solution-T6 treatment on the composite structural part, specifically, keeping the temperature at 460 ℃ for 2h, heating to 472 ℃ at a heating rate of 4 ℃/h, and rapidly carrying out water quenching after the temperature is raised; after water quenching, the mixture is placed in a 120 ℃ heat preservation box for aging for 24 hours.
The longitudinal section of the cylindrical casting of the embodiment is shown in FIG. 4, and the cross section of the cylindrical casting is shown in FIG. 5;
as seen from the transverse and longitudinal sections, the foamed aluminum is excellently bonded with the 7075 metal, a uniform metallurgical bonding is formed between the two, and meanwhile, the 7075 alloy permeates into pores of the foamed aluminum, so that the load and energy transfer between the two can be better realized.
Example 2
This example discloses a method for preparing an aluminum alloy-foamed aluminum composite structure of ZL205A, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining that the composite structural member is T-shaped, has a bottom side of 90mm and a height of 60mm, and has multiple right-angle bends therein, as shown in casting 3 in FIG. 3, and has a selected density of 0.5g/cm3The foamed aluminum and the ZL205A aluminum alloy of (1) as raw materials;
the second step is that: designing a graphite mould, wherein a parting surface is the middle surface of a T-shaped casting and is designed to be cast in a bottom casting mode, the top of the mould is provided with an exhaust hole, and foamed aluminum is fixed in the mould through two ends, and the whole is shown in the attached drawing; the composite mold for the T-shaped casting of the embodiment is shown in fig. 3, and comprises a first cavity 1 (left cavity) and a second cavity 2 (right cavity).
The third step: combining the mould with the foamed aluminum inner core, and preheating in a 300 ℃ box type furnace;
the fourth step: heating ZL205A aluminum alloy to melt, keeping the temperature at 725 ℃, and introducing high-purity argon to perform rotary blowing, wherein the rotating speed is 180r/min, the air flow is 1.5L/min, and the degassing time is 20 min.
The fifth step: casting ZL205A aluminum alloy liquid into a mold after being cooled to 710 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a casting 3, as shown in figure 3
And a sixth step: and cutting off a pouring channel of the casting, and machining to obtain the final T-shaped casting.
The T-shaped casting of the embodiment is integrally shown in FIG. 6, and the cross section of the T-shaped casting is shown in FIG. 7;
as can be seen from FIG. 6, the T-shaped casting has good mold filling, and particularly, the phenomenon of insufficient casting does not exist at the bent right angle; as can be seen from FIG. 7, the foamed aluminum is tightly combined with ZL205A, no gap exists between the foamed aluminum and ZL205A, even a part of aluminum liquid enters the foamed aluminum, the combination degree is better, the load transmission is realized, and the advantages of overall light weight and high strength are favorably realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a metal foam material-metal composite structural member is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing the pre-processed foam material and the mould in a box type furnace at 300-600 ℃ for preheating and heat preservation;
(2) heating the alloy to be molten, preserving the heat at 700-750 ℃, and introducing inert gas to carry out degassing for 3-15 min;
(3) adding an Al-5Ti-B refiner into the alloy according to the mass ratio of 0.1-1%, and preserving the heat at 700-750 ℃ for 5-20 minutes;
(4) and cooling the alloy liquid to 680-740 ℃, casting the alloy liquid into a mold, and air-cooling the alloy liquid to room temperature to prepare the metal foam material-metal composite structural member.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy is a castable alloy.
3. The method of making a metal foam-metal composite structure according to claim 2, wherein the alloy is 7075 aluminum alloy, 1 series aluminum alloy, 2 series aluminum alloy, 4 series aluminum alloy, or other 7 series aluminum alloy.
4. The method of making a metal foam-metal composite structure according to claim 1, wherein the foam is a closed cell foam structured metal material.
5. The method of making a metal foam-metal composite structure according to claim 4, wherein the foam is aluminum foam.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (1) of forming the foam is performed by machining so that the foam can be independently fixed in the mold.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mold is a bottom-cast graphite mold having a parting plane defined by a parallel plane of a maximum cross-sectional area of the casting, and the mold has a discharge groove for discharging air from the foam.
8. The method of making a metal foam-metal composite structure according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas is argon.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal foam-metal composite structural member obtained in the step (4) is subjected to a strengthening heat treatment.
10. A metal foam-metal composite structure, characterized in that it is produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202010780853.7A 2020-08-06 2020-08-06 Metal foam material-metal composite structural part and preparation method thereof Pending CN112122587A (en)

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