CN112110756A - Earthworm-assisted cow dung and straw aerobic composting method - Google Patents
Earthworm-assisted cow dung and straw aerobic composting method Download PDFInfo
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
An earthworm-assisted cow dung and straw aerobic composting method relates to a composting method. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high antibiotic residue and earthworm death caused by high temperature composting period in cow dung breeding. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing fresh cow dung and corn straws, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content of the material; piling the materials into a pile; composting the compost for 2-3 days at 30-40 deg.C in the temperature raising stage, 15-20 days at 45-65 deg.C in the high temperature stage, and 5-10 days in the temperature lowering stage, and controlling the water content in the compost when the temperature of the compost is lower than 40 deg.CThe rate is 35-45%, when the temperature of the stack body is reduced to below 32 ℃, the water content of the stack body is controlled to be 65-75%, earthworms are inoculated, and the breeding density is 2-2.5kg/m2Or 1-1.5 ten thousand strips/m2And simultaneously, the upper layer of the stack body is covered with a layer of rice straws. The invention solves the problem of high antibiotic residue in cow dung during earthworm cultivation, and the antibiotic degradation rate of cow dung after aerobic composting reaches more than 80%. The invention belongs to the field of preparation of organic fertilizers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composting method.
Background
Currently, cow dung is the most common substrate for raising earthworms. In the process of breeding livestock and poultry, a large amount of antibiotic-containing medicines are added into the feed to promote the rapid growth and disease prevention and treatment of the livestock and poultry; but the utilization rate of antibiotics by livestock and poultry is low, 60-90% of antibiotics are discharged out of bodies, so that the residual pollutants in the excrement exceed the standard, and the harmless utilization of the livestock and poultry excrement is seriously influenced. If the cow dung is directly used for earthworm cultivation, the earthworm bodies contain high-content antibiotics, so that the reproduction rate of the earthworms is reduced, and even the earthworms die in large quantity. Composting is the most common method for the harmless treatment of livestock and poultry breeding waste. The composting is a complex physical, chemical and biological process, and the fermentation time can be shortened and the decomposition is accelerated by reasonably regulating and controlling the technical parameters such as moisture, oxygen supply, temperature, C/N ratio, additives and the like. The compost is a process that organic matters are rapidly degraded by microorganisms to release heat, the temperature of a compost body can reach more than 60 ℃ in a high-temperature period, so that antibiotics in the livestock and poultry manure are rapidly degraded, but the earthworms are directly killed by the high temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high antibiotic residue in cow dung fed earthworms and earthworm death in a composting high-temperature period, and provides a method for assisting aerobic composting of cow dung and straws by earthworms.
The method for assisting the aerobic composting of the cow dung and the straws by the earthworms comprises the following steps:
firstly, uniformly mixing 1 part by weight of fresh cow dung and 1.5 parts by weight of corn straw according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material of 20-25: 1, and adjusting the water content of the material to 60% -75% by using water;
secondly, stacking the materials processed in the first step into a strip pile body with the height of 1.5-2.0m, the width of 2.5-3.0m and any length;
thirdly, composting: the temperature of the stack body is raised to 30-40 DEG CComposting for 2-3 days under the condition of the temperature of 45-65 ℃ for 15-20 days at the high-temperature stage, composting for 5-10 days at the temperature-reducing stage, turning the pile once every 2 days at the temperature-raising stage, turning the pile once every 3-5 days at the high-temperature stage, not turning the pile at the temperature-reducing stage, controlling the temperature of the pile body to be 50-65 ℃ in the composting process, turning the pile immediately when the temperature of the pile body exceeds 70 ℃, reducing the temperature, turning the bottom material into the middle upper part of the pile body during pile turning to completely decompose the pile body, controlling the water content of the pile body to be 35-45 percent when the temperature of the pile body is reduced to be below 32 ℃, controlling the water content of the pile body to be 65-75 percent and inoculating earthworms to breed the density of 2-2.5kg/m2Or 1-1.5 ten thousand strips/m2Meanwhile, the upper layer of the compost body is covered with a layer of rice straw, and the composting is finished.
The invention solves the problem of high residue of cow dung antibiotic in the earthworm breeding process, the antibiotic degradation rate of cow dung after aerobic composting reaches more than 80 percent, and cow dung after composting has no odor, does not breed mosquitoes and flies, and is suitable for earthworm breeding. The earthworm is used as high-quality protein feed, can be used for livestock and poultry (chicken, duck, cattle, sheep, etc.) and aquatic product (fish, shrimp, crab, etc.), and has high medicinal value. The wormcast is also a good biological fertilizer, contains rich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humus, organic matters and trace elements required by crops such as magnesium, boron, nickel, manganese and the like, and is a high-efficiency fertilizer for fruits, flowers, vegetables and nurseries.
The method has the advantages of simple process, easy control, easy realization, low investment, short construction period and low operation cost, and has wide popularization and application prospect.
The invention focuses on composting and introduces earthworm cultivation, so that firstly, the earthworm cast has a better aggregation structure, the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer is higher, and the organic fertilizer is applied to soil and is more beneficial to improving the organic matter content of the soil; and the bred earthworms can be used as livestock and poultry feed, so that the economic benefit is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a windrow pile;
fig. 2 is a photograph of earthworms in cow dung.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for assisting the aerobic composting of the cow dung and the straws by the earthworms comprises the following steps:
firstly, uniformly mixing 1 part by weight of fresh cow dung and 1.5 parts by weight of corn straw according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material of 20-25: 1, and adjusting the water content of the material to 60% -75% by using water;
secondly, stacking the materials processed in the first step into a strip pile body with the height of 1.5-2.0m, the width of 2.5-3.0m and any length;
thirdly, composting: composting the pile for 2-3 days at 30-40 ℃ in a temperature rising stage, composting for 15-20 days at 45-65 ℃ in a high temperature stage, composting for 5-10 days in a temperature reducing stage, turning the pile once every 2 days in the temperature rising stage, turning the pile once every 3-5 days in the high temperature stage, not turning the pile in the temperature reducing stage, controlling the temperature of the pile to be 50-65 ℃ in the composting process, turning the pile immediately when the temperature of the pile exceeds 70 ℃, reducing the temperature, turning the bottom material into the middle upper part of the pile during pile turning, completely decomposing the pile, controlling the water content of the pile to be 35-45% when the temperature of the pile is reduced to be below 32 ℃, controlling the water content of the pile to be 65-75%, inoculating earthworms, and culturing the density to be 2-2.5kg/m2Or 1-1.5 ten thousand strips/m2Meanwhile, the upper layer of the compost body is covered with a layer of rice straw, and the composting is finished.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the water content of the fresh cow dung in the first step is 82%. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the water content of the fresh cow dung in the first step is 88%. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the third embodiment is that the crushing length of the corn stalks in the first step is 1.5 mm. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is that the moisture content of the conditioned material in the first step is 72%. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that in the first step, 1 part by weight of fresh cow dung and 1.5 parts by weight of corn straw are uniformly mixed according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the materials being 25: 1. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: this embodiment differs from one of the first to sixth embodiments in that in step three the stack is composted for 3 days at a temperature rise of 32 ℃. The rest is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: this embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that in step three the stack is composted for 2 days at 38 ℃ in the elevated temperature stage. The rest is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: this embodiment differs from one to one of the first to eighth embodiments in that composting is carried out in step three at a high temperature of 48 ℃ for 16 days. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: this embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that composting is carried out in step three at a high temperature of 60 ℃ for 18 days. The rest is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The following experiments are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
experiment one:
uniformly mixing 1 part by weight of fresh cow dung and 1.5 parts by weight of corn straw according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the materials of 25: 1, manually adding tetracycline antibiotics tetracycline, aureomycin and oxytetracycline which are 100mg/kg respectively, adjusting the water content of the materials by water to 72 percent and the total weight of the materials to 50kg, placing the materials in a fermentation barrel, carrying out early-stage composting for 42 days, fermenting for 42 days, composting the pile body for 2-3 days under the condition of 30-40 ℃ in the temperature rising stage, composting for 15-20 days under the condition of 45-65 ℃ in the high temperature stage,and (3) composting for 5-10 days in a temperature reduction stage, turning the pile once every 2 days in a temperature increase stage, turning the pile once every 3-5 days in a high temperature stage, not turning the pile in the temperature reduction stage, controlling the temperature of the pile body to be 50-65 ℃ in the composting process, immediately turning the pile when the temperature of the pile body exceeds 70 ℃, reducing the temperature, and turning the bottom layer material into the middle-upper part of the pile body during pile turning to completely decompose the pile body. When the temperature of the compost is reduced to below 40 ℃, the composting process enters a cooling period, the water content of the compost is controlled to be 35-45%, when the temperature of the compost is reduced to below 32 ℃, the water content of the compost is controlled to be 72%, earthworms are inoculated, and the breeding density is 2.5kg/m2Or 1.5 ten thousand strips/m2And simultaneously, the upper layer of the stack body is covered with a layer of rice straws. Finally, the degradation rate of the tetracycline reaches 82-87% (table 1), the degradation rate is over 80%, and the cultivated earthworms do not detect the tetracycline.
TABLE 1 degradation rate of tetracycline antibiotics in cow dung
Claims (10)
1. The method for assisting the aerobic composting of the cow dung and the straws by the earthworms is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, uniformly mixing 1 part by weight of fresh cow dung and 1.5 parts by weight of corn straw according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material of 20-25: 1, and adjusting the water content of the material to 60% -75% by using water;
secondly, stacking the materials processed in the first step into a strip pile body with the height of 1.5-2.0m, the width of 2.5-3.0m and any length;
thirdly, composting: composting the pile body for 2-3 days under the condition of 30-40 ℃ in the temperature rising stage, composting for 15-20 days under the condition of 45-65 ℃ in the high temperature stage, composting for 5-10 days in the temperature lowering stage, turning the pile once every 2 days in the temperature rising stage, turning the pile once every 3-5 days in the high temperature stage, not turning the pile in the temperature lowering stage, and piling the pileControlling the temperature of the pile body to be 50-65 ℃ in the fertilizing process, immediately turning the pile when the temperature of the pile body exceeds 70 ℃, reducing the temperature, turning the bottom layer material into the middle upper part of the pile body during turning to completely decompose the pile body, entering a temperature reduction period in the composting process when the temperature of the pile body is reduced to be below 40 ℃, controlling the water content of the pile body to be 35-45%, controlling the water content of the pile body to be 65-75% when the temperature of the pile body is reduced to be below 32 ℃, inoculating earthworms, and culturing the density to be 2-2.5kg/m2Or 1-1.5 ten thousand strips/m2Meanwhile, the upper layer of the compost body is covered with a layer of rice straw, and the composting is finished.
2. The method for aerobic composting of cow dung and straw with earthworm assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the fresh cow dung in the first step is 82%.
3. The method for aerobic composting of cow dung and straw with earthworm assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the fresh cow dung in the first step is 88%.
4. The method for aerobic composting of cow dung and straws with earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crushed length of the corn straws in the first step is 1.5 mm.
5. The method for aerobic composting of cow dung and straw with earthworm assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 72% in step one.
6. The method for auxiliary aerobic composting of cow dung and straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein 1 part by weight of fresh cow dung and 1.5 parts by weight of corn straws are uniformly mixed according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25: 1.
7. The method for aerobic composting of cow dung and straw with earthworm assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the compost is composted for 3 days at a temperature rise stage of 32 ℃.
8. The method for aerobic composting of cow dung and straw with earthworm assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the compost is composted for 2 days at 38 ℃ in the temperature raising stage.
9. The method for aerobic composting of cow dung and straw with earthworm assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the compost is carried out for 16 days at a high temperature of 48 ℃.
10. The method for aerobic composting of cow dung and straw with earthworm assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the compost is carried out for 18 days at a high temperature of 60 ℃.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107324945A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-07 | 高建国 | A kind of method that utilization animal dung produces particular biological organic fertilizer |
| CN108863483A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-23 | 黑龙江省农业科学院园艺分院 | Quick animal excretion compost method |
| CN109665876A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-23 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of method of macrolides drug resistant gene abundance in reduction feces of livestock and poultry |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107324945A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-07 | 高建国 | A kind of method that utilization animal dung produces particular biological organic fertilizer |
| CN108863483A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-23 | 黑龙江省农业科学院园艺分院 | Quick animal excretion compost method |
| CN109665876A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-23 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of method of macrolides drug resistant gene abundance in reduction feces of livestock and poultry |
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Application publication date: 20201222 |