CN112102187A - Method for contrast enhancement of color image - Google Patents

Method for contrast enhancement of color image Download PDF

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CN112102187A
CN112102187A CN202010946872.2A CN202010946872A CN112102187A CN 112102187 A CN112102187 A CN 112102187A CN 202010946872 A CN202010946872 A CN 202010946872A CN 112102187 A CN112102187 A CN 112102187A
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sub
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gray scale
value
gmax
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孙雪强
夏群兵
陈琛
吴泽坚
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Shenzhen Aixiesheng Technology Co Ltd
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    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T5/00Image enhancement or restoration
    • G06T5/90Dynamic range modification of images or parts thereof
    • G06T5/92Dynamic range modification of images or parts thereof based on global image properties
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T3/00Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
    • G06T3/40Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
    • G06T3/4007Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting based on interpolation, e.g. bilinear interpolation

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for enhancing contrast of a color image, which comprises the following steps: converting the color image from an RGB color space to an HSV color space; partitioning the V component; acquiring the maximum value gmax and the minimum value gmin of each sub-block; determining the gray scale range mapped by each sub-block according to the right sub-block, the lower right sub-block and the total four sub-blocks; constructing a corresponding mapping curve for each subblock according to the mapping range of each subblock; calculating to obtain an output value V _ out of each pixel of the V component by utilizing a bilinear interpolation algorithm according to the mapping curve; and then converting the color image from the HSV color space to the RGB color space. The invention combines the image blocking technology and the bilinear interpolation algorithm, has good contrast enhancement effect and effectively improves the visual effect of the color image.

Description

Method for contrast enhancement of color image
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a method for enhancing contrast of a color image.
Background
In the field of image processing, contrast enhancement of an image is an important technique by which the visual effect of an image can be improved. There are many methods of contrast enhancement: the linear stretching of the gray scale is widely used due to the simple algorithm principle and less requirement on logic resources; histogram equalization increases contrast by counting histogram distribution of an image, and making pixels occupy as many gray levels as possible and uniformly distributed by using a cumulative distribution function. However, the above methods are mostly suitable for grayscale images, and no corresponding technology exists in the field for contrast enhancement of color images at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for enhancing the contrast of a color image, which is characterized in that an image is partitioned, each subblock is subjected to contrast enhancement, a mapping curve of each subblock is further obtained, then a mapping value of a pixel point is obtained by utilizing the mapping curve of each subblock and a bilinear interpolation algorithm, and an output image is further obtained, so that the problems in the background art are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of contrast enhancement of a color image, comprising the steps of:
s1: converting the color image from an RGB color space to an HSV color space;
s2: partitioning the V component;
s3: acquiring the maximum value gmax and the minimum value gmin of each sub-block;
s4: determining the gray scale range mapped by each sub-block according to the right sub-block, the lower right sub-block and the total four sub-blocks;
s5: constructing a corresponding mapping curve for each subblock according to the mapping range of each subblock obtained in the step S4;
s6: calculating to obtain an output value V _ out of each pixel of the V component by utilizing a bilinear interpolation algorithm according to the mapping curve;
s7: the color image is converted from the HSV color space to the RGB color space.
Further, the color image is composed of R, G, B three components, and in S1, the color image is converted from the RGB color space to the HSV color space by the following conversion formula:
Figure BDA0002675618450000021
when H is less than 0, H + 360;
Figure BDA0002675618450000022
V=Max
wherein H represents a hue, and the numerical range is 0-360; s represents saturation, and the numerical range is 0-1; v represents gray scale, and the numerical value range is 0-1.
Further, the V component in S2 represents the gray scale information of the image, and the specific method is as follows: controlling the width and height of each sub-block to be 100 pixels or selecting proper size according to specific conditions, keeping the size of each sub-block consistent, and if the width and height of the V component are not integer multiples of the width and height of the sub-block, expanding the width and height of the V component by copying the last row and the last column of data of the V component to meet the requirement.
Further, the specific method in S3 is as follows: counting the histogram of each sub-block, accumulating the histogram from 0 gray scale, and taking the gray scale as the minimum value gmin of the sub-block when the accumulated sum is larger than a certain proportion of the total number of pixels; then, the histogram is accumulated from 255 gray levels, and when the accumulated sum is larger than a certain proportion of the total number of pixels, the gray level is taken as the maximum value gmax of the sub-block.
Further, the specific method in S4 is as follows: selecting the minimum value of the four minimum values of the four sub-blocks as the minimum mapping gray scale Gmin of the sub-block, selecting the maximum value of the four maximum values of the four sub-blocks as the maximum mapping gray scale Gmax of the sub-block, and determining the mapping gray scale range of the sub-block to be Gmin-Gmax.
Further, the specific method in S5 is as follows: the gray scale range of each sub-block is Gmin-Gmax, the gray scale range mapped by the sub-block is Gmin-Gmax, the gray scale range Gmin-Gmax is linearly expanded to the Gmin-Gmax by adopting a linear mapping mode, or the gray scale range Gmin-Gmax is expanded to the Gmin-Gmax by adopting a histogram equalization-like method according to a cumulative distribution function, the gray scale value is mapped to the Gmin for the value of which the gray scale value is less than Gmin, and the gray scale value is greater than the value of the Gmax and is mapped to the Gmax for the value of which the gray scale value is greater than the Gmax, so that a mapping curve is constructed for each sub-block.
Further, the specific method in S6 is as follows:
for the regions at the four corners of the image, the values of the pixels in the regions are directly mapped by the mapping curves of the corresponding sub-blocks, and the size of each region is 1/4 of the size of the sub-block;
for the area located at the edge of the image, the value of the pixel point in the center of each sub-block is directly obtained by using the mapping curve of the sub-block, and other pixel points are obtained by linear interpolation by using the mapping curves of two adjacent sub-blocks;
for the region located in the center of the image, the value of the pixel point in the center of each sub-block is directly obtained by using the mapping curve of the sub-block, and other pixel points are obtained by performing bilinear interpolation by using the mapping curves of the adjacent four sub-blocks;
through the calculation, each pixel point can obtain an output value, and then data with the same height and width as the V component is selected from the upper left corner of the V component, so that the output value V _ out of each pixel of the V component is obtained.
Further, the specific method in S7 is as follows: converting the color image from an HSV color space to an RGB color space through a conversion formula to further obtain an output image, wherein the conversion formula is as follows:
when the saturation S is 0: r ═ G ═ B ═ V;
when the saturation S is not 0:
Figure BDA0002675618450000041
p=V*(1-S);q=V*(1-f*S);t=V*(1-(1-f)*S);
wherein [ ] represents taking the whole downwards, then taking different values according to i, and carrying out corresponding calculation,
when i is 0: r ═ V, G ═ t, B ═ p;
when i is 1: r ═ q, G ═ V, B ═ p;
when i is 2: r ═ p, G ═ V, B ═ t;
when i is 3: r ═ p, G ═ q, B ═ V;
when i is 4: r ═ t, G ═ p, B ═ V;
when i is 5: r ═ V, G ═ p, B ═ q.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for enhancing the contrast of the color image, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the image is partitioned, the contrast of each sub-block is enhanced, the mapping curve of each sub-block is further obtained, then the mapping curve of each sub-block and a bilinear interpolation algorithm are utilized to obtain the mapping value of a pixel point, and further an output image is obtained, the image contrast enhancement effect is good, and the visual effect of the color image is effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The following examples will explain the present invention in detail, however, the present invention is not limited thereto. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method of contrast enhancement of a color image, comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: converting the color image from an RGB color space to an HSV color space; the color image is composed of R, G, B three components, and can be converted from RGB color space to HSV color space by a conversion formula as follows:
Figure BDA0002675618450000051
when H is less than 0, H + 360;
Figure BDA0002675618450000052
V=Max
wherein H represents a hue, and the numerical range is 0-360; s represents saturation, and the numerical range is 0-1; v represents gray scale, and the numerical value range is 0-1.
The second step is that: partitioning the V component; the V component represents the gray information of the image, the contrast enhancement operation is carried out on the component, the aim of enhancing the contrast of the color image can be indirectly achieved, specifically, the width and the height of each sub-block are controlled to be 100 pixels or the proper size is selected according to specific situations, the size of each sub-block is kept consistent, and if the width and the height of the V component are not integral multiples of the width and the height of the sub-block, the width and the height of the V component are expanded to meet the requirements by copying the last row and the last column of data of the V component.
The third step: acquiring the maximum value gmax and the minimum value gmin of each sub-block; the method specifically comprises the following steps: counting the histogram of each sub-block, accumulating the histogram from 0 gray scale, and taking the gray scale as the minimum value gmin of the sub-block when the accumulated sum is larger than a certain proportion of the total number of pixels; then, the histogram is accumulated from 255 gray levels, and when the accumulated sum is larger than a certain proportion of the total number of pixels, the gray level is taken as the maximum value gmax of the sub-block.
The fourth step: determining the gray scale range mapped by each sub-block according to the right sub-block, the lower right sub-block and the total four sub-blocks; selecting the minimum value of the four minimum values of the four sub-blocks as the minimum mapping gray scale Gmin of the sub-block, selecting the maximum value of the four maximum values of the four sub-blocks as the maximum mapping gray scale Gmax of the sub-block, and determining the mapping gray scale range of the sub-block to be Gmin-Gmax.
The fifth step: constructing a corresponding mapping curve for each subblock according to the mapping range of each subblock obtained in the fourth step; the gray scale range of each sub-block is Gmin-Gmax, the gray scale range mapped by the sub-block is Gmin-Gmax, and a plurality of corresponding mapping curves are constructed by the method, the gray scale range Gmin-Gmax can be linearly expanded to the Gmin-Gmax by adopting a linear mapping mode, a method similar to histogram equalization can be adopted, the gray scale range Gmin-Gmax can be expanded to the Gmin-Gmax according to an accumulative distribution function, and other methods for enhancing the contrast can be adopted to meet the requirement; and mapping the values with the gray-scale value smaller than Gmin into Gmin, and mapping the values with the gray-scale value larger than Gmax into Gmax, so as to construct a mapping curve for each sub-block.
And a sixth step: calculating to obtain an output value V _ out of each pixel of the V component by utilizing a bilinear interpolation algorithm according to the mapping curve; for the regions located at the four corners of the image, the values of the pixels in the regions can be directly mapped by the mapping curves of the corresponding sub-blocks, and the size of each region is 1/4; for the region located at the edge of the image, the value of the pixel point in the center of each sub-block can be directly obtained by using the mapping curve of the sub-block, and other pixel points are obtained by performing linear interpolation by using the mapping curves of two adjacent sub-blocks; for the area located in the center of the image, the value of the pixel point in the center of each sub-block can be directly obtained by using the mapping curve of the sub-block, other pixel points are obtained by performing bilinear interpolation by using the mapping curves of the adjacent four sub-blocks, through the calculation, each pixel point can obtain an output value, then, data with the same height and width as the V component is selected from the upper left corner of the V component, and further, the output value V _ out of each pixel of the V component is obtained.
The seventh step: converting the color image from the HSV color space to the RGB color space; converting the color image from an HSV color space to an RGB color space through a conversion formula to further obtain an output image, wherein the conversion formula is as follows:
when the saturation S is 0: r ═ G ═ B ═ V;
when the saturation S is not 0:
Figure BDA0002675618450000071
p=V*(1-S);q=V*(1-f*S);t=V*(1-(1-f)*S);
wherein [ ] represents taking the whole downwards, then taking different values according to i, and carrying out corresponding calculation,
when i is 0: r ═ V, G ═ t, B ═ p;
when i is 1: r ═ q, G ═ V, B ═ p;
when i is 2: r ═ p, G ═ V, B ═ t;
when i is 3: r ═ p, G ═ q, B ═ V;
when i is 4: r ═ t, G ═ p, B ═ V;
when i is 5: r ═ V, G ═ p, B ═ q.
In summary, the following steps: the method for enhancing the contrast of the color image, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the image is partitioned, the contrast of each sub-block is enhanced, the mapping curve of each sub-block is further obtained, then the mapping curve of each sub-block and a bilinear interpolation algorithm are utilized to obtain the mapping value of a pixel point, and further an output image is obtained, the image contrast enhancement effect is good, and the visual effect of the color image is effectively improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method of contrast enhancement of a color image, comprising the steps of:
s1: converting the color image from an RGB color space to an HSV color space;
s2: partitioning the V component;
s3: acquiring the maximum value gmax and the minimum value gmin of each sub-block;
s4: determining the gray scale range mapped by each sub-block according to the right sub-block, the lower right sub-block and the total four sub-blocks;
s5: constructing a corresponding mapping curve for each subblock according to the mapping range of each subblock obtained in the step S4;
s6: calculating to obtain an output value V _ out of each pixel of the V component by utilizing a bilinear interpolation algorithm according to the mapping curve;
s7: the color image is converted from the HSV color space to the RGB color space.
2. The method of contrast enhancement of a color image according to claim 1, wherein the color image is composed of R, G, B three components, and the color image is converted from RGB color space to HSV color space in S1 by a conversion formula as follows:
Figure FDA0002675618440000011
when H is less than 0, H + 360;
Figure FDA0002675618440000012
V=Max
wherein H represents a hue, and the numerical range is 0-360; s represents saturation, and the numerical range is 0-1; v represents gray scale, and the numerical value range is 0-1.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the V component in S2 represents gray scale information of the image by: controlling the width and height of each sub-block to be 100 pixels or selecting proper size according to specific conditions, keeping the size of each sub-block consistent, and if the width and height of the V component are not integer multiples of the width and height of the sub-block, expanding the width and height of the V component by copying the last row and the last column of data of the V component to meet the requirement.
4. The method for contrast enhancement of color images according to claim 1, wherein the specific method in S3 is as follows: counting the histogram of each sub-block, accumulating the histogram from 0 gray scale, and taking the gray scale as the minimum value gmin of the sub-block when the accumulated sum is larger than a certain proportion of the total number of pixels; then, the histogram is accumulated from 255 gray levels, and when the accumulated sum is larger than a certain proportion of the total number of pixels, the gray level is taken as the maximum value gmax of the sub-block.
5. The method for contrast enhancement of color images according to claim 1, wherein the specific method in S4 is as follows: selecting the minimum value of the four minimum values of the four sub-blocks as the minimum mapping gray scale Gmin of the sub-block, selecting the maximum value of the four maximum values of the four sub-blocks as the maximum mapping gray scale Gmax of the sub-block, and determining the mapping gray scale range of the sub-block to be Gmin-Gmax.
6. The method for contrast enhancement of color images according to claim 1, wherein the specific method in S5 is as follows: the gray scale range of each sub-block is Gmin-Gmax, the gray scale range mapped by the sub-block is Gmin-Gmax, the gray scale range Gmin-Gmax is linearly expanded to the Gmin-Gmax by adopting a linear mapping mode, or the gray scale range Gmin-Gmax is expanded to the Gmin-Gmax by adopting a histogram equalization-like method according to a cumulative distribution function, the gray scale value is mapped to the Gmin for the value of which the gray scale value is less than Gmin, and the gray scale value is greater than the value of the Gmax and is mapped to the Gmax for the value of which the gray scale value is greater than the Gmax, so that a mapping curve is constructed for each sub-block.
7. The method for contrast enhancement of color images according to claim 1, wherein the specific method in S6 is as follows:
for the regions at the four corners of the image, the values of the pixels in the regions are directly mapped by the mapping curves of the corresponding sub-blocks, and the size of each region is 1/4 of the size of the sub-block;
for the area located at the edge of the image, the value of the pixel point in the center of each sub-block is directly obtained by using the mapping curve of the sub-block, and other pixel points are obtained by linear interpolation by using the mapping curves of two adjacent sub-blocks;
for the region located in the center of the image, the value of the pixel point in the center of each sub-block is directly obtained by using the mapping curve of the sub-block, and other pixel points are obtained by performing bilinear interpolation by using the mapping curves of the adjacent four sub-blocks;
through the calculation, each pixel point can obtain an output value, and then data with the same height and width as the V component is selected from the upper left corner of the V component, so that the output value V _ out of each pixel of the V component is obtained.
8. The method for contrast enhancement of color images according to claim 1, wherein the specific method in S7 is as follows: converting the color image from an HSV color space to an RGB color space through a conversion formula to further obtain an output image, wherein the conversion formula is as follows:
when the saturation S is 0: r ═ G ═ B ═ V;
when the saturation S is not 0:
Figure FDA0002675618440000031
p=V*(1-S);q=V*(1-f*S);t=V*(1-(1-f)*S);
wherein [ ] represents taking the whole downwards, then taking different values according to i, and carrying out corresponding calculation,
when i is 0: r ═ V, G ═ t, B ═ p;
when i is 1: r ═ q, G ═ V, B ═ p;
when i is 2: r ═ p, G ═ V, B ═ t;
when i is 3: r ═ p, G ═ q, B ═ V;
when i is 4: r ═ t, G ═ p, B ═ V;
when i is 5: r ═ V, G ═ p, B ═ q.
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