CN112088600B - Unmanned pilot sowing planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for unmanned fixed sowing in the technical field of sowing, which comprises the following steps: (1) placing a sufficient amount of seeds into a seeding tank; (2) The rotary cultivator works first when the travelling device is driven into the field, and rotary cultivation is carried out on the field; (3) pressing the field and simultaneously ditching; (4) A plurality of electric seed metering devices at the lower side of the seeding box automatically seed, and seeds are discharged into the opened seed trenches; (5) A plurality of electric fertilizer applicators at the lower side of the fertilizer box automatically discharge fertilizer, and the fertilizer is discharged into the field; (6) sealing the fertilizer after fertilization; (7) After the sealing medicine is beaten for 18-22 hours, scenting the field; (8) mechanically weeding with a weeding machine in the seedling stage; (9) fertilizing during the growth period of seedlings; (10) The grains turn yellow, and when the stems, leaves and ears turn yellow, the grains are harvested in time, so that high harvest and high yield are ensured; step (2) -step (6) are synchronously carried out; the invention has low cost and is more environment-friendly.

Description

A planting method for unmanned fixed-seeding

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to an unmanned fixed-sow planting method.

Background technique

Rice, wheat, corn and other crops play a very important role in my country's grain production, but most areas in my country still rely on traditional cultivation methods, which are labor-intensive and inefficient. In the prior art, when planting rice, the water is first scented, and then the rice transplanter is used to transplant the rice seedlings. The rice seedlings are cultivated in advance. After the rice seedlings are transplanted, they are closed, and weeding is carried out according to the growth of weeds in the field. Fertilize at the right time during the growth period, and harvest in time when the grains turn yellow and the stems, leaves, and ears turn yellow. In this design, it is necessary to raise seedlings first, and insert the raised seedlings into the field, which is costly. Sprinkling pesticides to weed is not environmentally friendly.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, provide an unmanned fixed-sow planting method, solve the technical problems of high planting cost and not environmental protection in the prior art, use the present invention to plant, the cost is low, Reduce medication and be more environmentally friendly.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of planting method of unmanned fixed broadcasting, comprises the following steps:

(1) Put enough seeds into the seed box;

(2) The traveling device drives into the field, the rotary tiller works first, and the field is rotary tilled;

(3) Opening seed ditch while suppressing fields;

(4) A number of electric seed metering devices on the lower side of the seeding box automatically arrange seeds, and the seeds are discharged into the opened seed ditch;

(5) A number of electric fertilizer applicators on the lower side of the fertilizer box automatically discharge fertilizer, and the fertilizer is discharged into the field;

(6) Apply sealing medicine after fertilization;

(7) Scent the field water 18-22 hours after the sealing medicine is applied;

(8) Mechanical weeding with a weeder at the seedling stage;

(9) Fertilization during the growth of seedlings;

(10) Harvest in time when the grains turn yellow and the stems, leaves and ears turn yellow to ensure a good harvest;

Step (2)-step (6) are carried out simultaneously.

In order to further improve the weeding effect, between the step (8) and the step (9), the following step is further included, 10-15 days after the initial mechanical weeding, use a weeder to perform mechanical weeding.

In the present invention, in step (9), fertilization is performed according to the growth of the seedlings, which is a prior art, and will not be described here; when using the present invention to plant rice, first sow and fertilize, and grow seedlings directly in the field to reduce costs. Mechanical weeding at the seedling stage reduces chemical weeding and is more environmentally friendly; it can be used in rice planting and wheat planting.

In order to further improve the operation effect, the weeder is connected behind the second traveling device. Both the first and second traveling devices use the Beidou navigation system. The Beidou navigation system records the operation path during rotary tillage and sowing. The working path during weeding is the same as the working path during rotary tillage and sowing.

In order to further realize mechanical weeding, the weeding machine includes a weeding frame. Several stands are arranged on the front of the weeding frame. The lower part of the stand is hinged with a movable frame, which is rotatably connected to a Connecting shaft, the outer periphery of connecting shaft is arranged with some weeding boards, and the upward end of the movable frame is connected with reset extension spring, and the upper end of reset extension spring is connected on the weeding frame, and the weeding frame at the stand rear is connected with A connecting rod that can swing back and forth corresponding to the position of the stand on the top, the connecting rod is connected with a weeding shovel for limiting the depth of the weeding board, and at least one group of weeding shovels are arranged on the lower side of the weeding shovel Component 1, the weeding component 1 includes a number of weeding teeth 1 arranged in the same row, and at least one group of weeding components 2 is arranged on the lower side of the weeding shovel, and the weeding component 2 includes the same row. There are several weeding teeth two, and the weeding teeth one and weeding teeth two are staggered in the left and right directions; in this design, when weeding, the running device two drives each stand to travel between the corresponding rows.

In order to further realize the reset when the connecting rod swings back and forth, a plurality of upper tension springs corresponding to the connecting rods are connected on the described weeding frame, and one end protruding backward of the upper tension springs is connected with the upper part of the connecting rod.

In order to further realize the reciprocating swing of the connecting rod in the front-rear direction, a drive shaft is rotatably connected to the weeding frame below the upper extension spring, and a number of eccentric wheels are connected to the drive shaft, and the connecting rod faces toward the front end. The upper part is in contact with the rearward outer edge of the eccentric wheel, and the weeding frame is hinged with the connecting rod below the eccentric wheel.

In order to further realize the rotation of the transmission shaft, a transmission box is fixedly connected to the weeding frame, and the transmission shaft is connected to the transmission box.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram 1 of the compound working machine in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the second three-dimensional structure diagram of the compound working machine in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a front view of the weeder of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of A in FIG. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional structure diagram 1 of the weeder in the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a side view of the weeder of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the second three-dimensional structure diagram of the weeder in the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the third three-dimensional structure diagram of the weeder in the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged view at B in FIG. 6 .

Among them, 1 fertilization box, 2 seed boxes, 3 ditching ring, 4 rotary tillage device, 5 pressure roller, 6 soil covering knife shaft, 7 soil covering assembly, 701 soil covering knife seat, 8 frame, 9 sliding groove, 10 weeding board , 11 weeding plate two, 12 movable frame, 13 weeding frame, 14 connecting shaft, 15 transmission shaft, 16 tooth groove two, 17 tooth groove one, 18 weeding shovel, 1801 grass pressing part, 1802 inclined part, 1803 connecting part, 1804 horizontal part, 19 adjusting rod, 20 hinged seat, 21 vertical frame, 22 input shaft, 23 mounting seat, 24 transmission box, 25 eccentric wheel, 26 upper tension spring, 27 connecting rod, 28 lower spring, 29 weeding component two , 2901 weeding teeth two, 30 weeding components one, 3001 weeding teeth one, 3001a weeding department one, 3001b weeding department two, 31 lower connection ears, 32 adjustment holes, 33 upper connection ears, 34 reset extension springs.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

A planting method for unmanned fixed-sowing, comprising the following steps:

(1) Put enough seeds into the seeding box 2;

(2) The traveling device drives into the field, the rotary tiller works first, and the field is rotary tilled;

(3) Opening seed ditch while suppressing fields;

(4) A number of electric seed metering devices on the lower side of the seeding box 2 automatically discharge seeds, and the seeds are discharged into the opened seed ditch;

(5) A number of electric fertilizer applicators on the lower side of the fertilizer box 1 automatically discharge fertilizer, and the fertilizer is discharged into the field;

(6) Apply sealing medicine after fertilization;

(7) Scent the field water 18-22 hours after the sealing medicine is applied;

(8) Mechanical weeding with a weeder at the seedling stage;

(9) Fertilization during the growth of seedlings;

(10) Harvest in time when the grains turn yellow and the stems, leaves and ears turn yellow to ensure a good harvest;

Step (2)-step (6) are carried out simultaneously.

In order to further improve the weeding effect, between step (8) and step (9), the following steps are also included, 10-15 days after the initial mechanical weeding, use a weeder to carry out mechanical weeding; the weeder includes a weeding frame 13, a weeding frame 13 The front portion of the frame is arranged with some vertical frames 21, the bottom of the vertical frame 21 is hinged with a movable frame 12, and the bottom of the movable frame 12 is rotatably connected with a connecting shaft 14, and the outer circumference of the connecting shaft 14 is arranged with some weeding boards-10 and Weeding plate two 11, a weeding plate two 11 is arranged on the connecting shaft 14 between adjacent two weeding plates one 10, and the outward end of weeding plate one 10 is arranged with some alveolar one 17, weeding plate two 11 toward Outer one end is arranged with some alveolar two 16, and alveolar one 17 and alveolar two 16 are staggered on the left-right direction and is arranged, and the upward end of movable frame 12 is connected with return extension spring 34, and the upper end of return extension spring 34 is connected on On the weeding frame 13, one end of the movable frame 12 top towards the rear can interfere with the forward side of the stand 21; The connecting rod 27 that swings back and forth has a sliding groove 9 on the connecting rod 27, and some hinged seats 20 are arranged on the weeding frame 13, and the hinged seats 20 are connected with the connecting rod 27 through pin shafts, and the connecting rod 27 can be pinned relative to the front and rear directions. The shaft rotates, and the pin shaft passes through the sliding groove 9. In the height direction, the connecting rod 27 moves up and down relative to the hinged seat 20 under the action of the sliding groove 9. The connecting rod 27 is connected with a weeding shovel 18, and the weeding shovel 18 faces forward. One end of the weeding shovel 18 is upturned upwards, and the rear end of the weeding shovel 18 is upwards; the weeding shovel 18 includes a horizontal part 1804, the rear side of the horizontal part 1804 is connected with an upwardly cocked connecting part 1803, and the front side of the horizontal part 1804 is connected to There is a grass-pressing part 1801 that bends upwards and protrudes outwards on the downward side. The forward side of the grass-pressing part 1801 is connected with an upwardly inclined inclined part 1802. The lower side of the weeding blade 18 is arranged with at least one group Weeding assembly one 30, in the present embodiment, weeding assembly one 30 is provided with two groups, and weeding assembly one 30 comprises some weeding teeth one 3001 that are arranged in the same row, and connecting rod 27 is connected with adjusting rod 19, and adjusting rod The height direction of 19 is arranged with some adjusting holes 32, and the connecting rod 27 has a connecting hole that can be coaxial with the adjusting hole 32; Up is connected with pull-down spring 28, and the end that pull-down spring 28 protrudes backward and tilts downwards is connected with the upward end of weeding shovel 18, and weeding shovel 18 can rotate relative to connecting rod 27, and the bottom of adjustment lever 19 is connected with weeding shovel 18. The shovel 18 is hinged, and the lower side of the weeding shovel 18 is also arranged with at least one group of weeding assembly two 29, and the weeding assembly two 29 includes some weeding teeth two 2901 arranged in the same row, the weeding tooth one 3001 and the weeding tooth Two 2901 are set in a staggered left and right direction. In this embodiment, one group of weeding components 29 is provided, and two groups of weeding components 1 30 are provided. Between assembly one 30; In order to further realize the reciprocating movement of the connecting rod 27 in the front-back direction, the rearward end of the stand 21 is connected with an upper connecting ear 33, and the upper connecting ear 33 is connected with an upper extension spring 26, and an upper extension spring 26 One end protruding backward is connected with the top of connecting rod 27, and upper extension spring 26 is above the eccentric wheel 25, and on the weeding frame 13 below the upper extension spring 26, rotatably connected with transmission shaft 15, on the transmission shaft 15 is connected with Some eccentric wheels 25 corresponding to the connecting rod 27 one-to-one, the upper part of the connecting rod 27 towards the front end contacts the outer edge of the eccentric wheel 25 towards the rear, and the weeding frame 13 is hinged with the connecting rod 27 below the eccentric wheel 25; The structure of rotation is that the weeding frame 13 is fixedly connected with transmission case 24, and transmission shaft 15 is connected on the transmission case 24;

In the present invention, the weeder is connected behind the second walking device, and the first and second walking devices use the Beidou navigation system. The Beidou navigation system records the operation path during rotary tillage and sowing, and calls the operation path during rotary tillage and sowing during mechanical weeding. The operation path during weeding is the same as the operation path during rotary tillage and seeding. When performing mechanical weeding, the driver first drives the walking device to a suitable initial position so that each stand 21 is in the corresponding row; The direction of advancement is the front, and the direction opposite to the direction of advancement is the rear; the composite operating machine for realizing rotary tillage, ditching, sowing, fertilization and soil covering is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The operating machine includes a rotary tiller 4, which is the present There are technologies, so I won’t go into details here. The rear of the rotary tillage device 4 is connected with a compound operation device. The compound operation device includes a frame 8. The front part of the frame 8 is rotatably connected with a pressing roller 5, and the pressing roller 5 is arranged with Some ditching rings 3, seeding box 2 and fertilization box 1 are connected on the frame 8 at the rear of the pressing roller 5 (the electric seed metering device and the electric fertilizer applicator are not shown, this is the prior art), the fertilization box 1 rear The frame 8 is rotatably connected with a soil-covering knife shaft 6, and a number of soil-covering assemblies 7 are arranged in the axial direction of the soil-covering knife shaft 6. The soil-covering assembly 7 includes several soil-covering knife seats 701 arranged on the outer periphery of the soil-covering knife shaft 6, The soil-covering knife is installed on the soil-covering knife seat 701, and some sowing openings are arranged on the seeding box 2, and a group of soil-covering assemblies 7 are arranged between two adjacent sowing openings; the rotary tiller 4 is connected to the rear of the walking device one, and the rotary tiller 4. Carry out rotary tillage, while the pressure roller 5 suppresses and flattens, ditching ring 3 realizes seed ditch opening, the position of the seed drop corresponds to the position of ditching ring 3, and the seeds are discharged into the seed ditch. The electric fertilizer applicator and electric The position of the seed metering device in the length direction is staggered, the electric fertilizer applicator discharges the fertilizer to the field beside the seed ditch, the soil covering knife shaft 6 rotates, and the soil covering knife throws the soil into the seed ditch to realize soil covering; in the weeding machine, the connecting rod 27. The speed of reciprocating swinging speed of the traveling device. Under the natural state, the rearward end of the movable frame 12 top is attached to the forward side of the stand 21. The horizontal part 1804 of the weeding blade 18 is in a horizontal state, and the connecting rod 27 is in a vertical state, and each extension spring is in a stretched state; the quantity of connecting rod 27 is set according to the actual situation, and each weeding shovel 18 is respectively in the corresponding row, and weeding tooth one 3001 and weeding tooth two 2901 The structure is the same or similar, and the weeding part-3001a and the angle of the weeding part can be set according to actual needs. The weeding tooth-3001 includes a weeding part-3001a fixed on the lower side of the weeding shovel 18 and inclined downward from front to back, The rear side of the weeding part 1 3001a is connected with the weeding part 2 3001b extending backwards and upwards, and the upper side of the weeding part 2 3001b is fixed on the lower side of the weeding shovel 18; adjust the adjustment lever 19 and Adjusting rod 19 two is inserted into connecting rod 27 and the depth in connecting rod 27 two respectively, weeding shovel 18 provides support to movable frame 12 and limits the depth of weeding plate one 10 loose soil; One end of transmission case 24 is connected with input Axle 22, running gear provides power to input shaft 22, transmission shaft 15 is the power output part of transmission box 24, and transmission box 24 is prior art; During work, weeding plate-10 rotates forward along with running gear, weeding plate-1 10 and weeding plate 2 11 firstly loosen the soil in the work field, and set the first alveolar 17 and the second alveolar 16 in a staggered manner to avoid loosening the soil. Reduce the loosening resistance, and then, the inclined part 1802 first presses the grass below it, the grass pressing part 1801 further presses the grass into the weeding teeth 13001, the transmission box 24 moves, the transmission shaft 15 rotates, and the transmission shaft 15 drives the eccentric The rotation of the wheel 25, the eccentric wheel 25 drives the connecting rod 27 to swing back and forth, the connecting rod 27 drives the weeding shovel 18 to swing back and forth, the weeding teeth 1 3001 and the weeding teeth 2 2901 continuously swing back and forth to pull out the grass, and the specific pulling process is as follows: , the weeding part 1 3001a moves forward, the weeding part 1 3001a presses the grass and releases the grass at the same time, the weeding part 2 3001b moves backward, the weeding part 2 3001b presses the grass and further separates the grass from the soil , to achieve weeding, and the weeding effect is good. The weeding tooth 2 2901 pulls weeds on the basis of the weeding tooth 1 3001, avoiding weeding and further improving the weeding effect; when encountering large resistance such as climbing, the weeding plate 1 10 and the weeding plate 2 11 sense the terrain change, drive the movable frame 12 to swing backward, the weeding shovel 18 senses the terrain change and pushes the adjusting rod 19 to move upward, and the connecting rod 27 moves upward through the sliding groove 9. When there is no resistance or the resistance is small, Movable frame 12 resets under the effect of reset extension spring 34, weeding shovel 18 resets under gravity, the position of weeding plate-10 and weeding shovel 18 can adaptively change according to terrain change, further improves weeding effect, improves each parts During the weeding process, when an obstacle is encountered, the inclined part 1802 first contacts with the obstacle, and the obstacle pushes against the inclined part 1802, and the weeding shovel 18 rotates backward and upward, so that the weeding teeth leave the ground and bypass the obstacle When there is an object, the weeding shovel 18 resets under the action of the pull spring 28, avoiding the direct collision between the weeding shovel 18 and the obstacle, protecting the weeding teeth and improving its service life; The combination of weeding part 2 3001b and its back-and-forth reciprocating movement continuously press the grass and then separate the grass from the soil. The effect of weeding is good, and inter-row weeding is realized; in the present invention, in step (9), fertilization is performed according to the growth of the seedlings, This is the prior art and will not be described here; when using the present invention to plant rice, first sow and fertilize, and directly grow seedlings in the field to reduce costs, perform mechanical weeding twice in the seedling stage, and thoroughly weed between rows. It does not need weeding again, reduces chemical weeding, and is more environmentally friendly; it can be applied to the work of planting rice, and can also be used to plant wheat.

The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, weeding assembly one 30 can also be provided with one group, three groups, four groups etc., the number of weeding assembly one 30 and weeding assembly two 29 is set according to actual needs, stand 21 The installation position of the installation position is set according to the position of the line during the actual operation, and the accompanying drawings are only schematic diagrams, and the installation positions of the stand 21 and the connecting rod 27 can be set according to the actual situation during actual implementation; Based on the disclosed technical content, the technical personnel can make some replacements and modifications to some of the technical features without creative work, and these replacements and modifications are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A planting method of unmanned fixed-sowing, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Put enough seeds into the seed box; (2) As soon as the walking device enters the field, the rotary tiller works first, and the field is rotary tilled; (3) Opening seed ditch while suppressing fields; (4) A number of electric seed metering devices on the lower side of the seeding box automatically arrange seeds, and the seeds are discharged into the opened seed ditch; (5) A number of electric fertilizer applicators on the lower side of the fertilizer box automatically discharge fertilizer, and the fertilizer is discharged into the field; (6) Apply sealing medicine after fertilization; (7) Scent the field water 18-22 hours after the sealing medicine is applied; (8) Mechanical weeding with a weeder at the seedling stage; (9) Fertilization during the growth of seedlings; (10) Harvest in time when the grains turn yellow and the stems, leaves and ears turn yellow to ensure a good harvest; Step (2)-step (6) are carried out simultaneously; The weeding machine includes a weeding frame, the front part of the weeding frame is arranged with several stands, the lower part of the stand is hinged with a movable frame, and the lower part of the movable frame is rotatably connected with a connecting shaft. Periphery is arranged with some weeding boards, and the upward end of the movable frame is connected with a reset extension spring, and the upper end of the reset extension spring is connected on the weeding frame, and the weeding frame at the rear of the stand is connected with the vertical frame position in the left and right directions. A corresponding connecting rod that can swing back and forth. The connecting rod is connected with a weeding shovel for limiting the depth of the weeding board. The weeding shovel includes a horizontal part. The front side of the part is connected with a grass-pressing part that bends upwards and protrudes outwards on the downward side, and the forward side of the grass-pressing part is connected with an upwardly inclined inclined part. A number of adjustment holes are arranged in the height direction, and a connection hole that can be coaxial with the adjustment hole is opened on the connecting rod. The lower part of the adjustment rod is hinged with the weeding shovel, and at least one set of A weeding component 1, the weeding component 1 includes a number of weeding teeth 1 arranged in the same row, and at least one group of weeding components 2 is arranged on the lower side of the weeding shovel, and the weeding component 2 includes the same Several weeding teeth two arranged in a row, the weeding teeth one and the weeding teeth two are staggered in the left and right direction, the weeding frame is connected with a number of upper tension springs corresponding to the connecting rods one by one, and the upper tension springs One end protruding backward of the spring is connected with the upper part of the connecting rod, the rear end of the lower part of the connecting rod is connected with a lower connecting ear, and the lower connecting ear is connected with a pull-down spring, and the end of the pull-down spring protruding backward and inclined downward is connected with the pull-out spring. The end of the grass blade facing upwards is attached. 2. An unmanned fixed-sowing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, between the step (8) and the step (9), the following step is further included, the 10- On day 15, use a weeder to weed mechanically. 3. The planting method of a kind of unmanned fixed-sowing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described weeder is connected in the rear of walking device two, and walking device one and walking device two all use Beidou navigation system, Beidou navigation The system records the operation path of rotary tillage and sowing, and calls the operation path of rotary tillage and sowing during mechanical weeding, so that the operation path of weeding is the same as that of rotary tillage and sowing. 4. An unmanned fixed-sow planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: a transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the weeding rack below the upper tension spring, and the transmission shaft Several eccentric wheels are connected on the shaft, and the upper part of the front end of the connecting rod is in contact with the rearward outer edge of the eccentric wheel, and the weeding frame is hinged with the connecting rod below the eccentric wheel. 5 . The unmanned planting method according to claim 4 , wherein a transmission box is fixedly connected to the weeding frame, and the transmission shaft is connected to the transmission box. 6 .

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