CN112079670A - Triacontanol modified chitosan composite organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Triacontanol modified chitosan composite organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention relates to a triacontanol modified chitosan composite organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12-15% of triacontanol modified chitosan, 8-10% of sodium glutamate, 0.5-1% of potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate and 74-80% of deionized water. The compound organic fertilizer of the invention can improve crop yield, prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests, and simultaneously does not produce any pollution and toxic and side effects on environment and human body, can obviously reduce the usage amount of traditional fertilizer and pesticide, and reduce pesticide residue pollution, and in addition, when the organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, the organic fertilizer can activate soil and prevent soil hardening.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and relates to a triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fertilizer is an essential plant nutrient substance in agricultural production, and the yield of crops can be effectively improved by scientifically using the fertilizer, so that the yield and income of farmers are increased. However, the long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizers inevitably causes various disadvantages such as soil hardening, reduction of organic matter content, imbalance of soil nutrients and the like. The traditional fertilizer generally contains sulfate such as ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and the like, the sulfate in the sulfate is easy to combine with metal ions such as calcium, magnesium and the like in soil to generate inorganic salt precipitates such as calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and the like, so that soil hardening is caused, the soil hardening directly causes a large amount of loss of various inorganic substances in the soil, the organic matter content and the fertility are reduced, and the yield of crops is reduced.
The long-term use of the fertilizer causes the dependence of crops on the fertilizer, and leads to the increasing use amount of the fertilizer, thereby leading to the increasing hardening degree of soil. Meanwhile, in order to prevent and treat crop diseases and insect pests, a large amount of killing type extremely toxic pesticides are used every year, so that pesticide residues seriously exceed the standard, not only is the ecological environment seriously damaged, but also adverse effects are brought to human health. In order to reduce the dosage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and the pollution of soil environment, the Ministry of agriculture of China strongly advocates the use of organic fertilizers which have no pollution to soil and have the effect of activating soil, thereby reducing the dependence of crops on chemical fertilizers and pesticides and effectively preventing soil hardening.
The organic fertilizer provided by the invention can replace the traditional fertilizer, has the effects of improving soil and increasing yield, has a bacteriostatic action, reduces the use of pesticide bactericides, reduces pesticide residues, and has a remarkable double-reduction effect of reducing weight and reducing pesticide. In addition, the triacontanol modified chitosan serving as the main active substance in the organic fertilizer is compounded with other substances such as sodium glutamate and the like, so that the organic fertilizer has better synergistic and advantage complementary effects, and the compounded organic fertilizer has better comprehensive effects of increasing yield, inhibiting bacteria, preventing soil hardening and the like, thereby making up the defect of single effect of the organic fertilizer sold in the market at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer which has good effects of increasing the yield of crops, inhibiting bacteria, preventing soil hardening and the like and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the triacontanol modified chitosan composite organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12-15% of triacontanol modified chitosan, 8-10% of sodium glutamate, 0.5-1% of potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate and 74-80% of deionized water.
The triacontanol modified chitosan adopted in the organic fertilizer is a main active substance of the organic fertilizer, and has various effects of activating the enzymes in crops, promoting the growth of root systems of the crops, inhibiting bacteria, improving the photosynthesis of the crops and the like, wherein the activation of the enzymes in the crops can increase the tillering number, the pulp content, the fruit amount and the like of the crops, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the yield. The organic fertilizer improves the crop yield by activating enzyme instead of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, prevents and treats crop diseases and insect pests by repelling but not killing, can greatly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and is a great innovation for crop yield increase and disease and insect pest control mechanisms. In addition, the triacontanol modified chitosan can complex metal ions in soil, and reduce the generation of metal salt precipitates in the soil, thereby effectively preventing the soil from hardening; and the triacontanol modified chitosan is remained in the soil after use and can be naturally degraded into organic matters required by the soil, so that the soil is further activated, and the soil hardening is prevented. In conclusion, the triacontanol modified chitosan in the organic fertilizer has three effects of increasing yield, inhibiting bacteria, preventing soil hardening and the like.
According to the scheme, the preparation method of the triacontanol modified chitosan comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving chitosan in an acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain a chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution;
2) dissolving triacontanol in ethylene glycol at 50-60 ℃ to obtain a triacontanol ethylene glycol solution;
3) mixing the chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution obtained in the step 1) and the triacontanol ethylene glycol solution obtained in the step 2), adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the obtained mixed solution, uniformly mixing, stirring at the constant temperature of 130-140 ℃ for 5-6 hours, then cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, slowly dropwise adding dilute alkali aqueous solution into the reaction solution under the stirring condition, regulating the pH value of the reaction solution to be within the range of 11.5-13, stopping stirring and standing for 2 hours, and separating out a flocculent precipitate of triacontanol modified chitosan in the reaction solution;
4) and (3) performing decantation separation on flocculent precipitates in the reaction liquid obtained in the step 3), and washing, filtering, drying and grinding the obtained precipitates to obtain triacontanol modified chitosan powder.
According to the scheme, the deacetylation degree of the chitosan in the step 1) is 80-90%, and the viscosity-average molecular weight is 150-; the mass concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1-3%; the mass concentration of the chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution is 2-5%.
According to the scheme, the purity of the triacontanol in the step 2) is 80 wt%, and the mass concentration of the triacontanol ethylene glycol solution is 5-8%.
According to the scheme, the mass ratio of the chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution in the step 3) to the triacontanol ethylene glycol solution is 1.5: 1.
according to the scheme, the concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid in the step 3) is 98 wt%, the adding amount of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 30% of the mass of the triacontanol ethylene glycol solution, and the concentrated sulfuric acid is an etherification dehydrating agent between hydroxyl groups of chitosan and triacontanol.
According to the scheme, the dilute alkali aqueous solution in the step 3) is a NaOH aqueous solution, and the concentration is 5 wt%.
According to the scheme, the purity of the sodium glutamate is more than 98 wt%, and the sodium glutamate adopted in the organic fertilizer is a main nutrient substance of the organic fertilizer, and can provide nitrogen nutrients such as amino acid and the like required by crops, so that the growth of the crops is further promoted and the yield is increased.
According to the scheme, the purity of the potassium laureth phosphate is more than 95 wt%. The potassium laureth phosphate adopted in the organic fertilizer is a dispersing aid, a wetting aid and a penetration aid in the organic fertilizer. As a dispersing auxiliary agent, potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate can promote the dispersion and dissolution of triacontanol modified chitosan in water; as a wetting auxiliary agent, after the organic fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of crops as a foliar fertilizer, the lauryl alcohol ether potassium phosphate can enable the organic fertilizer to be better spread and wetted on the leaf surfaces of the crops; as a penetration assistant, the organic fertilizer can accelerate the organic fertilizer to penetrate into crops, so that the organic fertilizer is more favorably absorbed by the crops, and the yield is increased more remarkably.
According to the scheme, the three substances in the organic fertilizer have obvious synergistic and complementary advantages, and the effect is detailed in example 5.
The invention also comprises a preparation method of the triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion for later use;
2) injecting deionized water with the formula amount of 40-50% into a stainless steel reaction kettle, heating until the water temperature in the kettle reaches 60-65 ℃, adding potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate according to the formula amount, stirring at constant temperature for 1-2 hours after adding to completely dissolve the potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate, then slowly adding triacontanol modified chitosan according to the formula amount into the reaction kettle, stirring at constant temperature for 1-2 hours after adding, adding the rest deionized water, continuously stirring at constant temperature until the triacontanol modified chitosan is completely dissolved, cooling to 30-40 ℃, slowly adding sodium glutamate with the formula amount into the reaction kettle under the stirring condition, continuously stirring at constant temperature for 2-3 hours after adding, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the finished product of the triacontanol modified chitosan composite organic fertilizer.
The invention also comprises a use method of the triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: after being fully and uniformly shaken, the triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer is uniformly applied to a crop field according to the dosage of 40-50 kg/mu to be used as a base fertilizer; or after the organic fertilizer is fully shaken up, the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the organic fertilizer is 1: diluting the 500-700 water adding proportion (the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the water is 1: 500-700) and then spraying the diluted organic fertilizer to the leaf surface of the crops according to the dosage of 20-30 kg/mu.
The triacontanol modified chitosan composite organic fertilizer has the effects that: (1) yield increase: triacontanol modified chitosan in the organic fertilizer enters the interior of the plant through systemic absorption to activate the activity of enzymes in the plant; the improvement of the activity of the chlorophyll synthetase and alpha-amylase can promote the synthesis of plant chlorophyll, improve the photosynthesis intensity and enhance the fixation and synthesis of chloroplast to sugar, thereby leading the crop root system to be developed, increasing the tillering number, plumping the fruit and achieving the purpose of increasing the yield; the sodium glutamate in the organic fertilizer promotes the growth of crops by providing amino acid nitrogen nutrients for plants, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the yield; the yield of the organic fertilizer is increased by internal potential digging activation, the yield of the crops is increased by external factors (providing of nitrogen nutrients), and the yield of the organic fertilizer is increased by internal and external combination and synergistic effect, so that the yield increasing effect of the compounded organic fertilizer is more remarkable, and the synergistic and complementary yield increasing effect can be proved from example 1 and example 4. (2) Bacteriostasis: the triacontanol modified chitosan in the organic fertilizer has the functions and effects of destroying metabolism of microbial pathogens and inhibiting and blocking the multiplication of the microbial pathogens, so that the aim of inhibiting crop germs is fulfilled, and the bacteriostatic effect of the triacontanol modified chitosan can be proved in example 2. (3) Preventing soil from hardening: the organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer and is applied to soil to make the soil slightly acidic, so that the organic fertilizer not only can effectively prevent the formation of metal salt precipitates, but also can dissolve out excessive nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium or compound fertilizers deposited in the soil over the years again for plants to absorb again, thereby reducing the use of the fertilizer, activating the soil once after one application, and finally achieving the purpose of preventing the soil from hardening. In addition, the triacontanol modified chitosan in the organic fertilizer can also complex metal ions in soil, thereby reducing the formation of metal salt precipitates in the soil and preventing the soil from hardening. The soil-activating and soil-hardening-preventing effects of the organic fertilizer are demonstrated in example 3.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the triacontanol modified chitosan serving as the main active ingredient in the triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer can more effectively activate the enzyme activity in crops and improve the photosynthesis of the crops, the action effect of the triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer is far greater than the effect of the triacontanol or the chitosan which exists independently or is mixed with the triacontanol or the chitosan (see an embodiment 5 for details), and the triacontanol modified chitosan combines the chitosan which mainly activates the enzyme from the interior of the crops and the triacontanol which mainly improves the photosynthesis of the crops from the exterior into a whole, and can play the roles of synergy and advantage complementation by combining the inside and the outside.
2. The organic fertilizer has essential difference with the action mechanism of the traditional fertilizer and pesticide, does not generate any pollution and toxic or side effect on the environment and human body while improving the crop yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, can obviously reduce the use amount of the traditional fertilizer and pesticide, and reduces the pesticide residue pollution; in addition, when the organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, the organic fertilizer can activate soil and prevent soil hardening.
3. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer has the characteristics of simple process and low preparation cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of triacontanol modified chitosan prepared in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing a rice root system (left) using a conventional fertilizer and a rice root system (right) using the organic fertilizer prepared in example 1;
fig. 3 is a graph of a comparative experiment of cucumbers not sprayed with organic fertilizer (left) and cucumber crops sprayed with the organic fertilizer prepared in example 1 (right).
Detailed Description
The preparation method of triacontanol modified chitosan used in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. adding 3 kg of powdery chitosan (the deacetylation degree is 85 percent, the viscosity average molecular weight is 170 ten thousand) into 97 kg of acetic acid aqueous solution (2 wt%), and stirring at the constant temperature of 40-50 ℃ and the stirring speed of 80-100 r/min for 5 hours until the chitosan is completely dissolved to obtain 100 kg of chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 3%;
2. adding 7 kg of triacontanol (with the purity of 80 wt%) into 93 kg of ethylene glycol (with the purity of 95 wt%), stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ under the stirring condition of 50-60 r/min until the triacontanol is completely dissolved, and obtaining 100 kg of triacontanol ethylene glycol solution with the mass concentration of 7%;
3. mixing 48.75 kg of the chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution obtained by the previous step with 32.5 kg of triacontanol ethylene glycol solution, adding 9.75 kg of concentrated sulfuric acid (with the concentration of 98 wt%) into the obtained mixed solution, stirring and reacting for 5 hours at constant temperature under the conditions of 130-140 ℃ and 190-200 r/min stirring, then cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, slowly dropwise adding NaOH aqueous solution (with the concentration of 5 wt%) into the reaction solution under the conditions of room temperature and 50-60 r/min stirring until the pH value of the reaction solution is within the range of 12-13, stopping stirring and standing for 2 hours, and at the moment, separating out a flocculent precipitate of triacontanol modified chitosan from the reaction solution;
4. and (3) filtering the flocculent precipitate of triacontanol modified chitosan generated in the reaction solution by using a decanter, taking out, washing, filtering, drying and grinding the precipitate to finally obtain light yellow powdery triacontanol modified chitosan with the particle size of 100-200 meshes.
The prepared triacontanol modified chitosan is subjected to red extractionThe infrared spectrum obtained by external spectrum analysis is shown in FIG. 1, and it can be seen that the wave number is 3369cm-1Is the stretching vibration absorption peak of-OH in chitosan, and the wave number is 2988cm-1is-CH in chitosan2-a stretching vibration absorption peak; in the fingerprint region, the wave number is 1637cm-1Is a stronger amide I absorption peak in the chitosan, and the wave number is 1379cm-1is-CH in chitosan2Symmetric deformation vibration absorption peak with wave number of 897cm-1Is a strong absorption peak of C-O stretching vibration in chitosan. In addition, a plurality of new absorption peaks which are not contained in chitosan appear in the fingerprint area, such as the wave number of 1410cm-1is-CH2The wave number of (2) is 1076cm-1is-CH3And the deformation vibration absorption peak is 1800-1600cm-1No double bond absorption peak appears in the region, which proves that the double bond absorption peak is a saturated straight-chain alcohol, namely has the basic structural characteristics of triacontanol; the wave number in the fingerprint region is 1036cm-1The compound is proved to have new ether bonds generated due to dehydration and etherification of hydroxyl-OH in chitosan and hydroxyl-OH in triacontanol, and the appearance of the new absorption peaks in fingerprint areas indicates that triacontanol is successfully etherified and grafted on chitosan.
Example 1
The preparation method of the triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, 37 kg of deionized water is put into a stainless steel reaction kettle and heated until the temperature of the water in the kettle reaches 60-65 ℃, 0.8 kg of potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate (purity 95 wt%) is added under the stirring condition (90-100 r/min), the mixture is stirred for 1-2 hours at constant temperature, completely dissolving the potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate, slowly adding 13 kg of triacontanol modified chitosan into the reaction kettle, then stirring for 1 hour at constant temperature, adding 40.2 kg of deionized water into the reaction kettle, continuing stirring for 1 hour at constant temperature after the addition is finished until the triacontanol modified chitosan is completely dissolved, then cooling to 30-40 ℃, slowly adding 9kg of sodium glutamate (with the purity of 98 wt%) into the reaction kettle under the stirring condition of 50-60 r/min, continuously stirring for 2 hours at constant temperature after the addition is finished, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the finished product of the triacontanol modified chitosan composite organic fertilizer.
The application amount and the yield increasing effect of the organic fertilizer are as follows:
the organic fertilizer obtained in the example was uniformly applied to a dry-seeded rice field at 50 kg/mu as a base fertilizer, and the rice seed was medium-sized rice No. 1, and a control test was conducted with a conventional base fertilizer (Yangfeng brand compound fertilizer, 50 kg/mu). The conditions were the same except for the base fertilizer, and the yield was measured 110 days after the rice was cultivated, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of Rice yields
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of rice applying the organic fertilizer is 516.32 kg/mu, which is 9.23% higher than that of rice applying 472.69 kg/mu with traditional fertilizer and 26.41% higher than that of rice applying 408.46 kg/mu with blank control group CK, and the organic fertilizer prepared by the embodiment of the invention has obvious yield increasing effect on rice.
As shown in figure 2, the comparison picture of the rice root system (left) using the Yangfeng brand compound fertilizer and the rice root system (right) using the organic fertilizer prepared by the embodiment shows that the rice root system using the organic fertilizer of the embodiment is much more developed than that using the Yangfeng brand compound fertilizer, the more the root system is, the more the absorbed nutrition is, and the higher the yield is.
Example 2
The antibacterial effect test of this fertilizer, concrete test process and result are as follows:
inoculating common germs (smut, cercospora kawakamii and colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of crops with the organic fertilizer prepared in example 1, placing culture mediums (glucose agar culture medium, chocolate agar culture medium and mecnkia agar culture medium respectively) of three germs into a 110 ℃ autoclave for sterilization for 30 minutes, then paving the sterilized culture mediums into culture dishes with the diameter of 11 cm, inoculating the culture mediums into the culture mediums according to the distribution density of 100 strains in each dish, dripping 0.2 g of the organic fertilizer into each dish, performing blank comparison experiments with strains without the organic fertilizer, firstly measuring the colony diameters of different germs by using a cross measurement method, then measuring the bacteriostasis rate of the organic fertilizer to each germ by using an indoor growth rate measurement method, and calculating the bacteriostasis rate formula as follows:
the results of the tests and calculations are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 results of the bacteriostatic test
As can be seen from the table 2, the bacteriostatic rate of the organic fertilizer to three germs reaches 86.5-88.5%, the organic fertilizer has better bacteriostatic action to common germs of crops, and more importantly, the organic fertilizer does not contain harmful pesticide components, can be naturally degraded in the environment, has no pollution to the environment, and has remarkable ecological environmental benefit.
In addition, a comparative experiment of the antibacterial effect of the organic fertilizer on cucumbers in a field is carried out, the organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 is fully and uniformly shaken, and then the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the organic fertilizer is 1: the fertilizer is diluted by water in a proportion of 500 and then used as a foliar fertilizer, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of cucumber crops according to the dosage of 20 kg/mu, and compared with the cucumber crops without fertilizer application, the result is shown in figure 3, the cucumber crops sprayed with the organic fertilizer have good growth vigor, common yellow spot diseases of the cucumbers do not exist (see a right picture), the cucumber without the organic fertilizer has poor growth vigor, and obvious yellow spot diseases also appear on the cucumber leaves (see a left picture).
Example 3
The preparation method of the triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, putting 36 kg of deionized water into a stainless steel reaction kettle, heating until the temperature of water in the kettle reaches 60-65 ℃, adding 1 kg of potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate under stirring (90-100 r/min), stirring for 1-2 hours at constant temperature after adding to completely dissolve the potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate, then 14 kg of triacontanol modified chitosan is slowly added into the reaction kettle, the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at constant temperature after the addition, adding 39 kg of deionized water into the reaction kettle, continuously stirring for 1 hour at constant temperature after the addition till the triacontanol modified chitosan is completely dissolved, then cooling to 30-40 ℃, slowly adding 10 kg of sodium glutamate into the reaction kettle under the stirring condition (50-60 r/min), continuously stirring for 2 hours at constant temperature after the addition is finished, and then naturally cooling to obtain 100 kg of finished product of the triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer.
The application amount of the organic fertilizer and the effect of preventing soil hardening are as follows:
the organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment is uniformly applied to a dry-sowed paddy field as a base fertilizer according to the dosage of 50 kg/mu, and a contrast test is carried out with the traditional base fertilizer (Yangfeng brand compound fertilizer, the dosage of 50 kg/mu). The conditions were the same except for the base fertilizer, the bulk density and soil porosity of the soil were measured before sowing the rice and 7 days after harvesting, and the soil hardening degree was observed, and the results of comparative tests are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 average bulk density of soil before and after planting of rice
As can be seen from Table 3, after the organic fertilizer is applied, the volume weight of soil is obviously reduced, and is reduced by 7.8 percent compared with that before the application, and the reduction of the volume weight indicates that the organic fertilizer is beneficial to the water permeation, ventilation and root pricking of rice; after the traditional fertilizer is applied to the soil, the volume weight of the soil is increased by 2.1 percent, which indicates that the soil hardening degree is increased, the permeability is reduced, and the growth and development of rice are not facilitated; the bulk weight of the soil treated with the blank CK did not change significantly. Table 3 shows that the organic fertilizer prepared by the embodiment can effectively reduce the volume weight of soil, improve the permeability of the soil and accelerate the formation of soil aggregates, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing soil hardening.
TABLE 4 average porosity of soil before and after planting of Rice
As can be seen from Table 4, after the organic fertilizer is applied, the porosity of the soil is obviously increased by 14.7 percent compared with that before sowing, the porosity of the soil is increased, the speed of the crops absorbing the water in the soil is increased, and the water absorption of the crops is more facilitated. Therefore, the porosity of the soil is increased, the crops can absorb water more thoroughly, and the growth and development of the crops are facilitated; after the traditional fertilizer is applied to the soil, the porosity of the soil is reduced by 5.0 percent, the water is not favorably absorbed by crops, and the water retention rate is low; the porosity of the blank CK treated soil did not change significantly. Table 4 shows that the organic fertilizer prepared by the embodiment can effectively increase the porosity of soil, improve the ventilation condition of the soil and further achieve the purpose of preventing soil hardening.
Example 4
1. Preparing 4 organic fertilizers with different formulas, (1) the organic fertilizer with the organic fertilizer formula in the embodiment 1; (2) the organic fertilizer of example 1 lacks sodium glutamate in the organic fertilizer formulation; (3) the organic fertilizer of triacontanol modified chitosan is absent in the organic fertilizer formula of the embodiment 1; (4) the organic fertilizer formula of example 1 lacks the organic fertilizer of potassium laureth phosphate. The formula of the 4 organic fertilizers is shown in table 5, and the yield increasing effects of the 4 organic fertilizers are compared and analyzed according to the organic fertilizer preparation process and the rice yield measuring method in the example 1.
Table 54 mass percent contents of each component in organic fertilizer
2. The 4 organic fertilizers are uniformly applied to the dry-sowed paddy field according to 50 kg/mu to serve as base fertilizers, the same-proportion test of the rice yield is carried out, namely the conditions except the 4 base fertilizers are the same, the yield is measured after the rice is cultivated for 110 days, the synergistic effect among the 4 organic fertilizers is examined, and the yield measurement result is shown in table 6.
Table 64 comparison of rice yield test results of organic fertilizers
As can be seen from the above Table 6, the thousand grain weight and the yield per mu of the rice containing the 4 organic fertilizers are sequentially ordered from large to small: (1) > (4) > (2) > (3), which shows that triacontanol modified chitosan and sodium glutamate have obvious synergistic and complementary synergistic effects under the coexistence condition, and the rice yield of the triacontanol modified chitosan and sodium glutamate is obviously superior to that of the triacontanol modified chitosan and sodium glutamate under the condition that one component of the triacontanol modified chitosan and the sodium glutamate exists alone; and the effect of comparing the organic fertilizer No. 1 with the organic fertilizer No. 4 shows that the addition of the penetration auxiliary agent potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate is beneficial to the improvement of the rice yield, because the penetration auxiliary agent potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate can improve the speed of the organic fertilizer penetrating into plants, so that crops can obtain more nutrition and the yield increase is more obvious. Therefore, the results in table 6 prove that the synergistic formula of the organic fertilizer formula (1) is the optimal formula of the organic fertilizer.
Example 5
1. Preparing 4 organic fertilizers with different formulas, (1) the organic fertilizer with the organic fertilizer formula in the embodiment 1; (2) the triacontanol modified chitosan in the organic fertilizer formula of the embodiment 1 is replaced by chitosan with deacetylation degree of 85%, and the rest is unchanged; (3) triacontanol modified chitosan in the organic fertilizer formula of example 1 was replaced by triacontanol with a purity of 80 wt%, and the rest remained unchanged; (4) the triacontanol modified chitosan 13 wt% in the organic fertilizer formulation of example 1 was replaced with both chitosan 7 wt% with a degree of deacetylation of 85% and triacontanol 6 wt% with a purity of 80 wt%, the remainder being unchanged; the formulation of these 4 organic fertilizers is shown in table 7.
TABLE 74 organic fertilizer with the components in percentage by mass
2. The 4 organic fertilizers are uniformly applied to the dry-seeding paddy field according to 50 kg/mu as base fertilizers, the same-proportion test of the rice yield is carried out, namely the conditions are the same except for the 4 base fertilizers, the yield is measured after the rice is cultivated for 110 days, the method is the same as that of the example 1, and the yield measurement results are shown in table 8.
Table 84 organic fertilizer rice yield measurement results
As can be seen from the above Table 8, the thousand grain weight and the yield per mu of the rice with the four organic fertilizers are sequentially ordered from large to small: (1) > (2) > (4) > (3), which shows that the yield-increasing effect of the triacontanol modified chitosan is superior to that of the chitosan and the triacontanol when the chitosan and the triacontanol exist independently or are mixed, and the method is also an important innovation of the organic fertilizer.
Claims (10)
1. The triacontanol modified chitosan composite organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 12-15% of triacontanol modified chitosan, 8-10% of sodium glutamate, 0.5-1% of potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate and 74-80% of deionized water.
2. The triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the triacontanol modified chitosan is as follows:
1) dissolving chitosan in an acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain a chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution;
2) dissolving triacontanol in ethylene glycol at 50-60 ℃ to obtain a triacontanol ethylene glycol solution;
3) mixing the chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution obtained in the step 1) and the triacontanol ethylene glycol solution obtained in the step 2), adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the obtained mixed solution, uniformly mixing, stirring at the constant temperature of 130-140 ℃ for 5-6 hours, then cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, slowly dropwise adding dilute alkali aqueous solution into the reaction solution under the stirring condition, regulating the pH value of the reaction solution to be within the range of 11.5-13, stopping stirring and standing for 2 hours, and separating out a flocculent precipitate of triacontanol modified chitosan in the reaction solution;
4) and (3) performing decantation separation on flocculent precipitates in the reaction liquid obtained in the step 3), and washing, filtering, drying and grinding the obtained precipitates to obtain triacontanol modified chitosan powder.
3. The triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the chitosan deacetylation degree in the step 1) is 80-90%, and the viscosity average molecular weight is 150-; the mass concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1-3%; the mass concentration of the chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution is 2-5%.
4. The triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the purity of the triacontanol in the step 2) is 80 wt%, and the mass concentration of the triacontanol ethylene glycol solution is 5-8%.
5. The triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution in the step 3) to the triacontanol ethylene glycol solution is 1.5: 1.
6. the triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid in the step 3) is 98 wt%, and the adding amount of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 30% of the mass of the triacontanol ethylene glycol solution.
7. The triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dilute alkali aqueous solution in step 3) is NaOH aqueous solution with the concentration of 5 wt%.
8. The triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the purity of the sodium glutamate is more than 98 wt%, and the purity of the potassium laureth phosphate is more than 95 wt%.
9. The preparation method of the triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion for later use;
2) injecting deionized water with the formula amount of 40-50% into a stainless steel reaction kettle, heating until the water temperature in the kettle reaches 60-65 ℃, adding potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate according to the formula amount, stirring at constant temperature for 1-2 hours after adding to completely dissolve the potassium lauryl alcohol ether phosphate, then slowly adding triacontanol modified chitosan according to the formula amount into the reaction kettle, stirring at constant temperature for 1-2 hours after adding, adding the rest deionized water, continuously stirring at constant temperature until the triacontanol modified chitosan is completely dissolved, cooling to 30-40 ℃, slowly adding sodium glutamate with the formula amount into the reaction kettle under the stirring condition, continuously stirring at constant temperature for 2-3 hours after adding, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the finished product of the triacontanol modified chitosan composite organic fertilizer.
10. A method for using the triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the triacontanol modified chitosan compound organic fertilizer is evenly applied to a crop field as a base fertilizer according to the dosage of 40-50 kg/mu after being fully shaken; or after the organic fertilizer is fully shaken up, the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the organic fertilizer is 1: the diluted mixed water with the proportion of 500 plus 700 is used as a foliar fertilizer, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of crops according to the dosage of 20-30 kg/mu.
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