CN112075431A

CN112075431A - Insecticidal and acaricidal composition and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112075431A
Application number: CN202011002464.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王少丽; 张友军; 吴青君; 张妍; 谢文; 郭兆将
Original assignee: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-09-22
Filing date: 2020-09-22
Publication date: 2020-12-15

Abstract

The invention discloses an insecticidal and acaricidal composition and application thereof. Belongs to the technical field of agricultural insect and mite killing. The composition comprises pyrazoxyfen, ethyl spinosad or flonicamid. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the synergistic effect of the medicament combination is exerted. (2) The insecticidal spectrum is expanded, and 'one-spraying multi-prevention' is realized. (3) The application frequency can be reduced, and the application labor amount can be reduced.

Description

Insecticidal and acaricidal composition and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural insect and mite killing, in particular to an insect and mite killing composition and application thereof.

Background

Spider mites, commonly known as red spiders, belong to the family of spider mites of the class arachnidae, and are a type of agricultural pest mites. The field usually has a mixture of spider mites, mainly including tetranychus urticae and tetranychus truncatus. The host plants of mites are extremely wide, and only the host plants of tetranychus urticae koch are over 1100, including various vegetables, ornamental flowers, various fruit trees and the like. The mites are harmed by adult mites, young mites and nymph mites clustered on the leaf backs of plants in the field, epidermal cells of leaves are punctured through a stylet to absorb plant juice, so that white spots appear on the periphery of main veins, further the leaves are yellowed and whitened, the photosynthesis of the plants is influenced, the leaves are withered and fall off seriously, even the whole plants die, and researches show that after the two-spotted spider mites are harmed, the chlorophyll content in the leaves can be obviously reduced, and free amino acids and soluble proteins are increased along with the aggravation of the spider mites; meanwhile, the absorption of the whole plant to the total phosphorus and the total potassium is reduced, and finally, the whole plant is premature senility and the yield is sharply reduced. At the same time, the tetranychus urticae is very resistant and has developed different levels of resistance to at least 92 active ingredients in the chemical agents.

Spider mites have become one of the important pests in vegetable fields. It is worth noting that spider mites often occur in the same period and in the same domain as other pests (small sucking pests such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips, etc.) when they occur in vegetable fields. For example, in spring solanaceous vegetables and legume vegetables, mites often occur in combination with whiteflies, thrips, etc., whereas in melon crops mites often occur in combination with aphids, as well as with different numbers of other pests. When the acaricide is used for preventing and controlling spider mites, the acaricide can not prevent and control other pests generally, so that the acaricide needs to be independently applied to prevent and control pests such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips and the like, the application frequency is increased, and the prevention and control cost is increased.

In conclusion, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of providing a medicament capable of simultaneously controlling tetranychus urticae and other pests (small sucking pests such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips and the like).

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides an insecticidal and acaricidal composition and an application thereof. The compounded synergistic agent combination obtained by screening can expand the insecticidal spectrum, prevent and control pests and mites in the field, realize the purpose of multiple prevention by spraying, delay the generation of pest drug resistance, reduce the pesticide application times and save the labor cost of pesticide application.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an insecticidal and acaricidal composition comprising: pyrazoxynil, spinetoram or flonicamid.

The beneficial effects are obtained: (1) the pyrazotocillin has high activity on phytophagous mites, has excellent resistance to Tetranychus urticae which has generated abamectin resistance, and has high activity on each development stage of mites. (2) Ethyl spinosad is produced by fermentation of actinomycetes saccharopolyspora spinosa, and the medicament has excellent prevention and control activity on thrips. (3) The flonicamid is a low-toxicity pyridine amide type insect growth regulator pesticide, has the effects of contact poisoning and stomach poisoning, and also has good nerve toxicant and quick antifeedant effect, after sucking plant juice with the flonicamid by sucking piercing-sucking mouthpart pests such as aphids and the like, juice sucking can be quickly prevented, no excrement appears within 1 hour, and finally death is caused by hunger, so that the pesticide has an excellent control effect on aphids (including aphid populations generating resistance to the nicotine pesticide). (4) The insecticidal mechanisms of the pyraclonil and the ethyl spinosad or the flonicamid are different, and the pyraclonil, the ethyl spinosad, the pyraclonil and the flonicamid are mixed in pairs according to different proportions indoors, so that the physicochemical property changes such as color change and precipitation which possibly influence the mixing effect of the pesticide do not occur, and the chemical reaction does not occur after the two compositions are mixed; the compounded synergistic agent combination can expand the insecticidal spectrum, simultaneously prevent and control pests and mites in the field, realize the purpose of multiple prevention by spraying, delay the generation of the drug resistance of the pests, reduce the pesticide application times and save the labor cost of pesticide application.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the pyrazotocast to the ethyl spinosad or flonicamid is 1: 10-10: 1.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the pyrazotocast to the ethyl spinosad is 1: 3-3: 1.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the ethacrylonitrile to the flonicamid is 1: 3-1: 10.

Preferably, the composition also comprises a carrier and an auxiliary agent.

Preferably, the insecticidal and acaricidal composition is prepared into any one of missible oil, suspending agent, wettable powder, water dispersible granules, emulsion in water or microemulsion.

An insecticidal and acaricidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for use in controlling pests and mites.

Preferably, the pests are aphis cucumeriae and the pest mites are tetranychidae.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the synergistic effect of the medicament combination is exerted. Tetranychus urticae is not a pest, and the chemical control selective application of the two is obviously different. Based on the current situation of mixed occurrence of field mites, the pesticide combination of the chlorfenapyr, the ethyl spinosad, the chlorfenapyr and the flonicamid which can kill insects and mites simultaneously is developed, so that the tetranychus urticae koch and pests can be prevented and controlled at the recommended dose at the same time, the prevention effect can be improved, and the dosage can be reduced. (2) The insecticidal spectrum is expanded, and 'one-spraying multi-prevention' is realized. Can kill pests and mites simultaneously and prevent and control a plurality of target organisms by spraying once. The pyrazoxyfen and the ethyl spinosad can prevent and control harmful mites, thrips and melon aphids and also have a function of controlling whiteflies; the pyrazoxyfen and the flonicamid can prevent and control harmful mites and melon aphids and also have a function of controlling whiteflies. (3) The application frequency can be reduced, and the application labor amount can be reduced. The mixed application of the insecticide and the acaricide can obviously reduce the application frequency, and the application amount of the insecticide in each crop can be obviously reduced by adopting the insecticide combination for at least 1-2 times, thereby playing the roles of saving cost and enhancing efficiency.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The tetranychus urticae is adopted as the tetranychus urticae, and no pesticide is contacted in the indoor feeding period. The culture conditions were: the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 70 +/-5%, and the photoperiod L: D is 16h:8 h.

The tested insecticide was a 30% chlorfluazuron suspension (baozuo, product of Shenyang chemical research and development Co., Ltd.); 6% ethyl spinosyn suspension (Ellzer, Dow Chemical, Dow, USA); 10% flonicamid water dispersible granule (iron wall, product of Nippon Stone industries Co., Ltd.).

The non-mentioned drugs are purchased from commercial sources; the unrecited experimental method is a conventional experimental method, and is not described in detail herein.

Example 1

The method for determining the toxicity of three agents, namely the pyrazotocystil, the ethyl spinosad and the flonicamid, on the female tetranychus urticae koch by adopting an agarose leaf dipping method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) preparing agar with the mass concentration of 0.1%, fully melting by a microwave oven, sucking 5mL of liquid agar by a plastic pipette, adding the liquid agar to the bottom of a plastic dish with the diameter of 3.5cm, and cooling and solidifying for later use.

(2) Each agent was diluted with distilled water.

(3) A puncher with the diameter of 2.5cm is used for beating fresh, clean and pesticide-pollution-free kidney bean leaves into small leaf dishes, and the main vein parts are avoided as much as possible. Soaking the leaf disks in a to-be-detected reagent solution, taking out the leaf disks after 10s, drying the leaf disks until no free water exists on the surfaces of the kidney bean leaves, and then spreading the dried leaf disks on agar of a plastic dish in a back-up manner. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, and leaves impregnated with distilled water without the agent were used as a blank.

(4) Picking 25-30 healthy female adult mites with consistent physiological states by using a zero-number brush pen, covering a cover with a tiny hole (preventing generated water vapor from condensing on a plastic culture dish cover and dripping on the spider mites), transferring to a climatic chamber with the temperature of 26 +/-1 ℃, the temperature of 60 +/-5% and the time of 16h:8h (L: D), and feeding and observing. After 24h, the death number and survival number of the tetranychid mites are checked and recorded under a stereomicroscope, the bodies of the tetranychid mites are lightly touched by a brush pen tip, and the tetranychid mites are judged to be dead if only 1 test mite is active or completely inactive.

(5) Data processing: test forThe experimental data adopts Poloplus software to analyze the mortality of the tetranychus urticae under the treatment of each concentration, and the slope and LC of each medicament and different proportions are obtained₅₀And its 95% confidence limit, etc. The mortality rate of the blank cannot exceed 10%, otherwise the test is repeated, considered as a failure.

(6) As a result: the results of the experiment are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 determination of virulence of Metronidazole, Ethoxydim, Fluodinil against female Tetranychus urticae

Chemical agent	b±SE	LC₅₀(mg/L)	95% confidence interval	Chi-square(df)
					Chlorobipyr	3.204±0.321	7.114mg/L	5.521～8.698	5.4239(5)
Ethyl spinosad	1.358±0.178	31.832mg/L	10.943～62.557	3.7143(3)
					Flonicamid	1.602±0.160	24.969mg/L	19.547～31.502	2.480(5)

The result shows that the three medicaments are used for treating female tetranychus urticae koch by LC₅₀7.114mg/L, 31.832mg/L and 24.969mg/L, respectively.

Example 2

(1) The pyraclostrobin nitrile and the ethyl spinosad are proportioned according to different proportions, and the toxicity of the pyraclostrobin nitrile to the female adult acarid of the two-spotted spider mite is determined by an agarose leaf dipping method, wherein the specific steps are the same as those in example 1.

(2) Data processing: the calculation method of co-toxicity coefficients (CTC) with different proportions is carried out according to the Sun cloud Peel method, the single-dose Toxicity Index (TI) and the actual and theoretical toxicity index (ATI, TTI) of the mixed dose (set as M) of each proportion are respectively carried out, and finally the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of each proportion is obtained by ATI/TTI. And (4) judging whether the two have synergism according to the dilution of CTC. The composition is antagonistic when CTC is less than 80, additive when CTC is 80-120, synergistic when CTC is more than 120, and the composition is regarded as having significant synergistic effect in actual production only when the mixing ratio of CTC is more than 200.

(3) As a result: the results of the experiment are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 synergistic virulence against Tetranychus urticae for Chlorobipyr

The results show that the proportions of the pyraclostrobin and the ethyl spinosad from 10:1 to 1:10 show synergistic effects, and the synergistic multiple CTC is higher than 200, so that the synergistic effects are obvious (Table 2).

Example 3

(1) The method is characterized in that the pyraclostrobin nitrile and the flonicamid are proportioned according to different proportions, the toxicity of the pyraclostrobin nitrile and the flonicamid to female adults of the two-spotted spider mites is determined by an agarose leaf dipping method, and the specific steps are the same as those in example 1.

(2) The data processing was the same as example 2.

(3) As a result: the results of the experiment are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 synergistic virulence against Tetranychus urticae for Chlorobipyr

The results show that the pyrazotocast and flonicamid show synergistic effect from 10:1 to 1:10, wherein the synergistic multiple of the pyrazotocast and flonicamid in the ratio of 3:1 is over 1000, and the synergistic effect is more obvious (Table 3).

Example 4

(1) The method adopts single agent or synergistic combination to spray the leaf surfaces in the field, compares the field control effect of different treatments on the tetranychus urticae koch, and comprises the following specific operation steps:

in order to clarify the control effect of the medicament and the combination thereof on the field spider mites, the lethal medium concentration LC of the single medicament and the unconventional ratio combination thereof is tested₅₀The leaf surface spraying is carried out in an eggplant (round eggplant No. 16) shed, the spraying time is 2019, 6 months, and then the leaf mites are the species with the field advantages. Each dose or combination was repeated 4 times, and each repetition investigated the number of tetranychus truncatus on 10 crops, while a clear water control was set. The base number of spider mites of each treatment was investigated prior to field spraying. Because the tetranychus urticae is tiny in size, death symptoms on leaves of living plants are not obvious after 1 day of pesticide application, and test errors are easy to occur in field counting, the number of the tetranychus urticae is respectively investigated 3 days after pesticide application and 7 days after pesticide application, and the relative control effect is calculated.

(2) Data processing: the data obtained by the field control effect investigation test adopts SPSS 24.0 professional edition to calculate the relative control effect of the single agents of the pyraclostrobin, the ethyl spinosad, the pyraclostrobin and the flonicamid and different proportions thereof on the target pests, and the difference significance between treatments is analyzed by adopting a Duncan method. The calculation method is as follows:

corrected mortality (%) [ (treatment mortality-placebo mortality)/(1-placebo mortality) ] × 100;

the oral cavity regression rate (%) [ (predose oral cavity base-predose oral cavity number)/predose oral cavity base ] × 100;

control effect (%) × 100 [ (oral cavity decline rate of treatment-oral cavity decline rate of blank)/(oral cavity decline rate of 100-blank) ].

(3) As a result: the results of the experiment are shown in table 4.

TABLE 4 Metronidazole, Ethoxyspinosad, flonicamid and combinations thereof for controlling field spider mites and for reducing the effects thereof

The results show that three single doses are in LC₅₀The death rate of the spider mites is 42.07-56.77%, and the synergistic combination control effect finds that the synergistic effect of the pyrazotocast and the ethyl spinosad is obvious under the conditions of 3:1, 5:1 and 1:5, the control effect is obviously higher than that of a single agent, and the synergistic combination can be used as a preferred synergistic combination. The dosage reduction after the compound preparation is used cannot be directly seen from the relative control effect data in the table, but the dosage reduction when the combination of the 3:1 and the 5:1 of the pyrazoxyfen-ethyl spinosad and the two medicaments are independently applied to achieve the same control effect can be calculated from the synergistic proportion and the relative control effect of the two single agents, the dosage reduction is 70.11 percent and 63.74 percent respectively, the combination of the two medicaments in the proportion of 1:5 shows obvious lasting period, the control effect is 77.96 percent in 7 days, remarkable synergistic and dosage reduction effects are shown, and the dosage reduction can exceed 80 percent through the same calculation.

The pyrazoxyfen and the flonicamid are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the field in all the tested proportions, all the synergistic proportions show synergistic effects which are obviously or obviously higher than the relative control effects of two single agents on the spider mites, and the relative control effects of the two agents are respectively 84.72 percent and 86.37 percent in the proportion of 1:10 and 1:3, so that the aims of synergism and drug reduction are achieved.

Example 5

(1) The method adopts single agent or synergistic combination to spray the leaf surfaces of the field, compares the field control effect of different treatments on the aphids, and has the following specific operation steps:

the dose-spray test is routinely recommended in the cucumber (Zhongnong No. 16) shed, when aphid is the dominant species. The field is fixedly planted in the beginning of 4 months, the conventional farming operations such as fertilizer and water management are carried out, the growth vigor of the plants is relatively consistent, and the occurrence degree of aphids on the plants during pesticide application is moderate. Spraying the mixture for 5 last ten days in 2019, wherein the dilution times of different medicaments are as follows: the pesticide composition comprises 2000 times of ethyl spinosad liquid, 3000 times of flonicamid liquid and 4000 times of ethiprole liquid, wherein the traditional Chinese medicines in the mixture ratio are added and diluted according to the conventional dosage, and a clear water blank control is set. Each insecticide was used as it was, repeated 4 times per treatment. Investigating the aphid base number of cucumber plants before pesticide application, and investigating and recording the number of the aphids surviving in different treatment areas 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after pesticide application. At the time of investigation, 40 plants were randomly marked and investigated in each plot, and aphid numbers on 10 leaves were marked and investigated, and each 10 plants were treated as one.

(2) As a result: the results of the experiment are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 relative control of Onychidonin, Ethoxydim, flonicamid and combinations thereof against melon aphids in the field

As can be seen from Table 5, the single agents of the ethyl spinosad and the flonicamid have excellent control effect on the aphis cucurbitae, the control effect is respectively 87.08 percent and 94.12 percent 3 days after the application, the pesticide effect is over 90 percent 7 days after the application, and the difference between the two is not obvious. 3 days after the pesticide is applied, for the combination of the ethizole mite nitrile and the ethyl spinosad, the control effect of the combination from 1:1 to 1:10 is not obviously different from that of the ethyl spinosad single dose, but the control effect of the combination from 1:1, 1:3 and 10:1 is not obviously different from that of the ethizole mite nitrile, and the control effect of the other combinations is obviously higher than that of the ethizole mite nitrile single dose. The trend is similar after the drug is applied for 7 days, wherein the 1:10 and 1:5 control effects of the pyrazotocen and the ethyl spinosad both exceed 90 percent, and the difference with the single dose of the ethyl spinosad is not obvious.

For the combination of the ethiprole and the flonicamid, the control effect of only 1:3 ratio is more than 90% 3 days after the combination, and the rest control effects are lower than the control effect (94.12%) of the flonicamid single agent; after being applied for 7 days, the control effect of all the combinations on the aphis cucurbitae is obviously higher than that of the single dose of the ethiprole; the control effect of the two combinations in the proportion of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and 1:10 is higher than 90 percent, the control effect is not obviously different from that of the single flonicamid agent, and the control effect of the other three combinations on the aphids is lower than that of the single flonicamid agent.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An insecticidal and acaricidal composition comprising: pyrazoxynil, spinetoram or flonicamid.

2. An insecticidal and acaricidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the pyraclonil to the ethyl spinosad or flonicamid is 1: 10-10: 1.

3. An insecticidal and acaricidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the pyraclonil to the ethyl spinosad is 1: 3-3: 1.

4. An insecticidal and acaricidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the chlorfenapyr to the flonicamid is 1:3 to 1: 10.

5. An insecticidal and acaricidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising carriers and adjuvants.

6. An insecticidal and acaricidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the insecticidal and acaricidal composition is formulated as any one of emulsifiable concentrate, suspension concentrate, wettable powder, water dispersible granules, aqueous emulsion or microemulsion.

7. An insecticidal and acaricidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for use in controlling pests and mites.

8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the pest is aphid melon and the pest mite is tetranychid mite.