CN112072456A - System for generating vortex gamma photon beam by driving micro-channel target by superstrong laser - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a system for generating vortex gamma photon beams by driving a micro-channel target by ultrastrong laser, which comprises a Gaussian laser generator, a micro-channel target and a light fan target; the Gaussian laser generator generates Gaussian laser and emits the laser into the micro-channel target along the axis of the micro-channel target; the Gaussian laser ionizes electrons on the target wall of the micro-channel to form electron beams with vortex structures, and the electron beams are accelerated under the action of the laser; gaussian laser irradiates a light fan target vertical to the optical axis of incident laser and the axis of the micro-channel target when being transmitted to the tail end of the micro-channel target, and forms reflected laser with a vortex structure and angular momentum; the reflected laser collides with an electron beam of a vortex structure in the microchannel, and the electron beam radiates to generate a vortex gamma-ray beam under the action of a laser electric field. The invention can carry out experimental research under the existing laser technical condition by combining the channel target and the optical fan target, provides a new direction for people to know and control the microscopic particles, and has important practical and scientific research significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser and plasma, and particularly relates to a system for driving a micro-channel target to generate vortex gamma photon beams by ultrastrong laser.
Background
X/y-rays have been widely used in many fields since their discovery, for example: nuclear physics, laboratory celestial physics, plasma physics, radiation oncology, metal industry, and the like. The gamma ray source based on the interaction of laser plasma is different from the traditional accelerator radiation source, has the advantages of short pulse width, high brightness and small size, and has important application prospect in the fields of basic scientific research, medical treatment, industry and the like. Vortex gamma rays are an indispensable tool to explore and simulate large mass celestial bodies such as black holes or neutrals under laboratory conditions. Meanwhile, a new view angle is provided for laser plasma research by introducing a new degree of freedom of gamma photon angular momentum, a new direction for people to know and control the micro particles is opened, the micro particle dynamics is expected to be controlled in the space-time scale of picometers and sub femtoseconds, and the knowledge of the micro particle dynamics is improved.
In recent years, intense laser and plasma interaction to generate vortex gamma-ray beams attracts wide attention of domestic and foreign scholars. Schemes for generating vortex gamma-ray beams based on laser plasmas are proposed in sequence, and in 2016, Liu et al propose that a circularly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian laser is used for irradiating a thin target to generate a high-energy gamma-ray beam carrying orbital angular momentum. During the interaction, the spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum of the driving vortex laser is first transferred to the electron beam and then to the gamma ray photon by quantum radiation. In 2018, zhuchonglong et al proposed using a circularly polarized laguerre-gaussian laser pulse interacting with a cone-plane target to produce a high brightness attosecond gamma ray pulse train. In this process, the angular momentum of the vortex laser is transferred to the gamma photon by nonlinear compton scattering. Meanwhile, Chen et al from Heidelberg Mapu, Germany also triggered nonlinear Compton scattering of high-energy electrons by interaction of a Laguerre-Gauss laser with a solid target with vortex properties, resulting in vortex gamma rays. However, most of the solutions use laser intensity at 1021W/cm2And the super-strong vortex optical rotation is used as a driving source, and the highest vortex laser is based on the development of the current laser technologyStrength of only 1020W/cm2. Thus, these schemes also face great difficulties in experimental implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a system for generating vortex gamma photon beams by driving a micro-channel target by ultrastrong laser.
In order to realize the aim, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a system for driving a micro-channel target to generate vortex gamma-ray beams by ultrastrong laser comprises a Gaussian laser generator, a micro-channel target and a light fan target;
the Gaussian laser generator generates Gaussian laser, and the Gaussian laser is shot into the microchannel target along the axis of the microchannel target;
the Gaussian laser ionizes electrons on the target wall of the micro-channel to form electron beams with vortex structures, and the electron beams are accelerated under the action of the laser;
the Gaussian laser irradiates a light fan target vertical to the axis of the micro-channel target when being transmitted to the tail end of the micro-channel target to form reflected laser with a vortex structure and angular momentum;
the reflected laser collides with an electron beam of a vortex structure in the microchannel target, and the electron beam generates a vortex gamma photon beam under the action of a laser electric field.
Furthermore, the thickness of the light fan target is increased or reduced along with the change of the angle around the axis of the light fan target, the whole light fan target is in a step shape, one surface of each step, which is far away from the micro-channel target, is on the same plane, and the position of one surface, which is close to the micro-channel target, is different along with the change of the angle.
Furthermore, the optical fan target is provided with n steps which can be divided into n steps more than or equal to 4 steps, the thickness difference of each adjacent step is lambda/2 n, wherein lambda is the wavelength of Gaussian laser, n is a positive integer and n is more than or equal to 4, in order to ensure that the laser can not penetrate through the optical fan target,
further, the minimum step thickness l satisfies
Wherein n iseAs the density of the electrons, the electron density,
for normalized laser electric field amplitude, e is the electron charge amount, A0Amplitude of the laser vector potential, meFor electron mass, c is the speed of light in vacuum.
Further, the optical fan target is divided into 8 steps, the difference of the thicknesses of the adjacent steps is lambda/16, the wavelength lambda of the Gaussian laser is 1 μm, and the minimum step thickness is 1 μm.
Further, the angular momentum of the vortex gamma-ray beam changes with the step order and the rotation direction of the fan target.
Furthermore, the micro-channel target and the optical fan target are composed of carbon ions, hydrogen ions and electrons, and the whole body is electrically neutral.
Furthermore, the density of electrons in the micro-channel target and the light fan target is 200nc，ncThe ratio of carbon ions to hydrogen ions was 1:4 for the plasma critical density.
Further, the Gaussian laser is circularly polarized Gaussian laser with the laser intensity of 1021～1022W/cm2。
Furthermore, the micro-channel target is of a cylindrical structure, the inner radius of the micro-channel target is 2-4 microns, and the thickness of the micro-channel target is 0.8-1.2 microns.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the system for generating the vortex gamma-ray beam by driving the micro-channel target by the ultra-strong laser, provided by the invention, the micro-channel target and the light fan target are combined, the gamma-ray beam carrying orbital angular momentum can be generated by circularly polarized Gaussian laser, and the intensity of the adopted laser is 1021～1022W/cm2The target intensity is small compared to large lasers that have been or are currently being built. The system passes through a microchannel target and lightThe combination of the fan targets can be used for experimental research under the existing laser technical conditions, and vortex gamma photon beams which are small in space size, low in divergence, high in energy and carry high orbital angular momentum are generated.
2. In the system for driving the micro-channel target to generate the vortex gamma-ray beam by the ultrastrong laser, the adopted light fan target is integrally in a step shape, the thickness of the light fan target is increased or reduced along with the change of the angle around the axis of the light fan target, and the angular momentum of the reflected laser can be obviously adjusted by changing the rotation direction of the light fan target. Meanwhile, the reflected laser is changed through the change of the step order and the rotation direction of the optical fan target, so that the angular momentum of the generated gamma photons can be adjusted, and a new scheme is provided for adjusting the angular momentum of the gamma photons.
3. By adopting the system for driving the micro-channel target to generate the vortex gamma-ray beam by the ultrastrong laser, the angular momentum conversion efficiency from the laser to the gamma-ray can reach 0.67 percent, and the angular momentum conversion efficiency in the scheme of adopting the laser solid target is greatly improved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a fan target of the present invention, the color scale of which shows the phase change of the laser light reflected after it is normally incident on the fan target;
FIG. 3 is a contour plot of the energy density of an electron beam in a microchannel obtained in the present invention and a sectional plot on three planes (x-y, x-z, y-z);
FIG. 4 shows the electron (. eta.) in the present inventionx，η⊥) A phase space distribution map;
FIG. 5 shows 21T of the present invention0Distribution diagram of the moment electron momentum in a y-z plane;
FIG. 6 shows 8T of the present invention0，16 T0，24 T0And 30T0Time of day electronDivergence diagram (N)eNumber of electrons);
FIG. 7 shows 8T of the present invention0，16 T0，24 T0And 30T0A time electron energy spectrogram (dN is the number of electrons in an energy interval);
FIG. 8 shows a reflected laser beam E according to the present inventionyA slice view of the field in the y-z plane;
FIG. 9 is a plot of the density iso-surface and the profile of gamma photons in the present invention on three surfaces;
FIG. 10 shows a 19T embodiment of the present invention0，21 T0，23 T0And 28T0A time photon energy spectrum (dN is the number of photons in the energy interval);
FIG. 11 shows a 19T embodiment of the present invention0，21 T0，23 T0And 28T0Time of day photon divergence diagram (N)γIs the number of photons);
FIG. 12 shows the brightness of gamma photons (B) in the present inventionγ) Instantaneous radiation power (P)γ) Gamma photon yield (N)γ) And total energy of gamma photon (E)γ) Evolution schematic diagram with time (shadow coverage area is collision process of reflected laser and vortex electron beam);
FIG. 13 shows electron (e) in the present invention-) Carbon ion (C)6+) Hydrogen ion (H)+) And the evolution schematic diagram of the angular momentum of the laser (laser) along with the time (the shadow coverage area is the collision process of the reflected laser and the vortex electron beam);
FIG. 14 shows laser to electron (e) in the present invention-) Carbon ion (C)6+) The evolution schematic diagram of the energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen ions (H +) and gamma photons (gamma) along with time (the shadow coverage area is the collision process of reflected laser and vortex electron beams);
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the evolution of the average angular momentum of laser photons with time under the conditions of a left-handed optical fan target (LH fan), a flat plate target (plane) and a right-handed optical fan target (RH fan), respectively (the shadow coverage area is the collision process of reflected laser and vortex electron beams);
fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the time evolution of the gamma photon average angular momentum of the laser photons under the conditions of a left-handed optical fan target (LH fan), a flat plate target (plane) and a right-handed optical fan target (RH fan), respectively (the shadow coverage area is the collision process between the reflected laser and the vortex electron beam).
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
The invention provides a system for driving a micro-channel target to generate vortex gamma photon beams based on the interaction of laser and plasma by ultrastrong laser, which comprises a Gaussian laser generator, a micro-channel target and a light fan target; the micro-channel target and the light fan target are both arranged in a vacuum system;
the Gaussian laser generator generates Gaussian laser, and the Gaussian laser is shot into the microchannel target along the axis of the microchannel target;
the Gaussian laser ionizes electrons on the target wall of the micro-channel to form electron beams with vortex structures, and the electron beams are accelerated under the action of the laser;
the Gaussian laser irradiates a light fan target vertical to the optical axis of the incident laser and the axis of the micro-channel target when being transmitted to the tail end of the micro-channel target, and forms reflected laser with a vortex structure and angular momentum;
the reflected laser collides with an electron beam of a vortex structure in the microchannel target, and the electron beam generates a vortex gamma-ray beam under the action of a laser electric field.
The super-strong laser in the invention selects circularly polarized Gaussian laser with the laser intensity of 1021～1022W/cm2。
As shown in fig. 1, a round-polarized gaussian laser beam generated by a gaussian laser generator enters the microchannel target from the left side along the axis of the microchannel target, an ultra-strong transverse laser oscillation electric field ionizes electrons on the wall of the microchannel target and pulls the electrons out of the inner wall of the microchannel target, and a dense electron beam forms a vortex structure under the action of the transverse electric field of the round-polarized laser beam (as shown in fig. 3). The super-strong laser can excite a series of high-order modes under the action of a waveguide formed in the micro-channel target, the high-order modes have stronger longitudinal electric fields than the Gaussian laser of a fundamental mode, and electrons are accelerated longitudinally under the action of the longitudinal electric fields. In the interaction between incident laser and electrons, the laser transmits the self-carried spin angular momentum to the electrons, and the self-carried spin angular momentum is converted into orbital angular momentum of the electrons. Furthermore, when the laser is transmitted to the tail end of the micro-channel target, the laser irradiates the optical fan target, and due to the special structure of the optical fan target, the phases of the reflected laser at different angles are changed, so that the laser has a spiral wave front structure and angular momentum, as shown in fig. 4. The reflected laser collides with a high-energy vortex electron beam in the microchannel target, and the high-energy electrons radiate high-energy gamma photons under the action of a laser electric field. Since the momentum of the gamma photons is mainly from the radiated electrons, the resulting gamma photon beam also has a vortex structure and carries angular momentum.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the fan target increases or decreases with the change of the angle around the axis of the fan target, the fan target is overall in a step shape, one surface of each step far away from the microchannel target is on the same plane, and the position of one surface close to the microchannel target is different with the change of the angle. The optical fan target is provided with n steps which can be divided into n steps more than or equal to 4 steps, the thickness difference of each adjacent step is lambda/2 n, wherein lambda is the wavelength of Gaussian laser, n is a positive integer, and n is more than or equal to 4. To ensure that the laser does not penetrate the fan target, the minimum step thickness l is satisfied
Wherein n iseAs the density of the electrons, the electron density,
for normalized laser electric field amplitude (e is the electron charge amount, A)0Amplitude of the laser vector potential, meElectron mass, c is the speed of light in vacuum).
Preferably, the fan target is divided into eight steps, the rear surface of each step is located at the same position, and the front surface is different with the change of the angle, as shown in fig. 2. The color scale in fig. 2 gives the phase change of the laser light reflected after being incident on the fan target. The difference between the thicknesses of adjacent steps is lambda/16, the wavelength lambda of the Gaussian laser is 1 mu m, and the minimum step thickness is 1 mu m. The angular momentum of the vortex gamma-ray beam generated by the invention is changed along with the change of the step order and the rotation direction of the fan target.
In one embodiment, the microchannel target and the optical fan target are each composed of carbon ions, hydrogen ions, and electrons, and are electrically neutral as a whole. The density of electrons in the micro-channel target and the light fan target is 200nc，
Is the plasma critical density, e is the electron charge amount, meAs electron mass, omegaLIs the laser frequency. The ratio of carbon ions to hydrogen ions was 1: 4. The micro-channel target is of a cylindrical structure, the inner radius of the micro-channel target is 2-4 mu m, and the thickness of the micro-channel target is 0.8-1.2 mu m.
The invention provides a system for generating vortex gamma-ray beams by interaction of superstrong laser and a micro-channel target. The intensity of a beam generated by the Gaussian laser generator is 1022W/cm2The circularly polarized Gaussian laser is incident from the left end of the channel, and electrons are pulled out from the micro-channel target by the super-strong oscillating electric field to form a vortex-shaped electron beam and are accelerated under the action of the laser. The laser irradiates on the light fan target when being transmitted to the tail end of the micro-channel target, forms a vortex laser with orbital angular momentum when being reflected, and collides with a vortex electron beam to generate a vortex gamma-ray beam. The invention combines a micro-channel target and a light fan target, and adopts the strength of 1022W/cm2The circular polarization laser of for also can carry out experimental study under current laser technical condition, simultaneously through the rotation of the direction of rotation of light fan target, can effectively change the angular momentum of reflection laser, and then adjust the angular momentum of photon beam, for people know and control the micro-particle and provide new direction, have important reality and scientific research meaning.
The invention will be illustrated and explained in detail with reference to specific examples.
In this embodiment, Gaussian laser emissionThe generator generates a Gaussian laser beam with circular polarization and the laser intensity is 1022W/cm2Laser wavelength is lambda 1 um, focal spot radius is 3 um, time configuration is Gaussian type, pulse width is 10T0，T0C/λ is the laser period, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. Both the microchannel target and the optical fan target are carbon ion (C)6+) Hydrogen ion (H)+) And electron (e)-) The whole structure is kept electrically neutral. The density of electrons in the target is 200ncThe ratio of carbon ions to hydrogen ions was 1: 4. The inner radius of the microchannel target was 3 μm and the thickness of the microchannel target was 1 μm. The light fan target is divided into 8 steps, the thickness of each step is changed into lambda/16, and the minimum thickness of the step is 1 mu m.
The simulation software used in this embodiment is an open source particle simulator (EPOCH), full three-dimensional simulation is used, a simulation box is 40 λ (x) x 12 λ (y) x 12 λ (z), simulation grids are divided into 2000 x 300, and 9 simulation particles are arranged in each grid. In the simulation software, the QED (quantum electrodynamics) module may include simulation of photon emission by monte carlo algorithm, radiation damping effect, and feedback between plasma and photon emission processes, but neglecting the effect of spin polarization.
As shown in fig. 1, when a circularly polarized laser beam is incident into the micro-channel target, the ultra-strong laser electric field ionizes the electrons on the inner wall of the micro-channel target and pulls them out from the target wall, forming a spiral electron beam as shown in fig. 3. When laser is transmitted in the micro-channel target, the action of the micro-channel target on the laser is similar to that of cylindrical waveguide, so that the laser generates a series of high-order modes, the high-order modes have stronger longitudinal electric field compared with Gaussian laser of a fundamental mode, and electrons are accelerated in the longitudinal direction under the action of the longitudinal electric field. To verify this, we traced a portion of the electrons and analyzed the longitudinal direction (η)x) And a transverse direction (η)⊥) The electric field contributes to the acceleration of the electrons, respectively.
Wherein eta isxIs an electronFrom the energy gain in the longitudinal electric field, η⊥For the energy gain of electrons from the transverse electric field, γ (t) ═ γ (0) + ηx+η⊥Is the energy of an electron. As shown in fig. 4, most of the electron energy is mainly accelerated by the longitudinal electric field, while the acceleration of electrons by the transverse electric field is very limited. Meanwhile, along with the acceleration process, the spin angular momentum carried by the laser is also transferred to the spin angular momentum of the electrons. As shown in fig. 5, the lateral momentum of the electrons moves counterclockwise around the axis of the microchannel target. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the maximum energy of the vortex electron beam in the channel can reach 240MeV, the divergence angle is only 5.7 °, and the electric quantity is nC.
When the laser moves to the tail end of the micro-channel target, the laser irradiates on the light fan target and is reflected along the axis center of the micro-channel target in the opposite direction. The stepped structure of the front surface of the fan target causes different phase changes of the reflected laser light at different angles, so that the fan target has a vortex structure and orbital angular momentum as shown in fig. 1 and 8.
When the reflected vortex laser collides with a vortex electron beam in the micro-channel target, the high-energy vortex electron beam radiates high-energy gamma rays under the action of the reflected laser. As shown in fig. 9-11, the gamma rays generated have a vortex structure with a maximum energy of up to 80MeV and a divergence angle of about 9 °. As shown in FIG. 12, the photon with energy of 1MeV has a brightness of 1022photons/s/mm2/mrad20.1% BW, the maximum instantaneous radiation power can reach 25 TW.
Fig. 13 shows the evolution of electrons, hydrogen ions, carbon ions, gamma photons, and laser angular momentum over time throughout the process. When the incident laser light enters the microchannel target, the angular momentum of electrons and ions within the channel begins to increase. When the reflected laser collides with the vortex beam and produces a gamma photon beam, the angular momentum of the gamma photons begins to increase continuously. As shown in fig. 13-14, the final laser to gamma photon angular momentum conversion efficiency was 0.67% and the energy conversion efficiency was about 1.2%.
In order to verify the regulation of the rotation direction of the light fan target on the angular momentum of the gamma-ray beam, the rotation direction of the light fan target is changed, and the light fan target is replaced by a flat plate target and a right-handed rotation fan target respectively. According to the formula
Wherein e0× (E × B) dv is the total angular momentum of the laser,
is the total energy of the laser, omega0Is the laser circular frequency, l is the orbital angular momentum of the laser photon, σ is the spin angular momentum of the laser photon,
is the Planck constant.
Since the incident laser used in this example is a left-handed circularly polarized laser, each photon of the incident laser carries
The spin angular momentum of. Fig. 15 shows the angular momentum carried by the average photons of the reflected laser light for three cases. When the laser light is transmitted in the channel, the angular momentum of each photon is kept at
On the left and right, after the laser is reflected, the average angular momentum of the laser photons reflected by the left-handed fan target is
And the plate target and the right-handed rotation fan target are respectively
And
this demonstrates that the angular momentum carried by the reflected laser can be effectively changed by changing the direction of rotation of the fan target. The angular momentum of the reflected laser light can be changed by changing the angular momentum of the gamma photon beam, and fig. 16 shows the plane carried by the gamma photons in three casesThe angular momentum is equalized. In the case of the left-handed fan target, the average angular momentum of the gamma-ray beam is 16% higher than in the case of the flat plate target and the right-handed fan target.
According to the invention, by adopting the interaction of circularly polarized Gaussian laser and a micro-channel target and a light fan target, a beam of photons which are distributed in a vortex manner and have the energy of 1MeV and the brightness of 10 can be finally obtained22photons/s/mm2/mrad20.1% BW, average angular momentum carried per gamma photon of
The laser to gamma photon angular momentum conversion efficiency was 0.67%. Meanwhile, the angular momentum of the reflected laser can be effectively changed by changing the rotation direction of the optical fan target, so that the average angular momentum of gamma photons can be adjusted.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A system for driving a micro-channel target to generate vortex gamma photon beams by ultrastrong laser is characterized in that,
the system comprises a Gaussian laser generator, a micro-channel target and a light fan target;
the Gaussian laser generator generates Gaussian laser, and the Gaussian laser is shot into the microchannel target along the axis of the microchannel target;
the Gaussian laser ionizes electrons on the target wall of the micro-channel to form electron beams with vortex structures, and the electron beams are accelerated under the action of the laser;
the Gaussian laser irradiates a light fan target vertical to the axis of the micro-channel target when being transmitted to the tail end of the micro-channel target to form reflected laser with a vortex structure and angular momentum;
the reflected laser collides with an electron beam of a vortex structure in the microchannel target, and the electron beam generates a vortex gamma photon beam under the action of a laser electric field.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the fan target increases or decreases with the angle around the axis of the fan target, the fan target is stepped, the surface of each step far away from the microchannel target is on the same plane, and the position of the surface close to the microchannel target is different with the angle.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the light fan target is divided into n steps, and the thickness difference between adjacent steps is λ/2n, where λ is the wavelength of the Gaussian laser, n is a positive integer and n is greater than or equal to 4.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the minimum step thickness l is sufficient to generate a vortex gamma ray beam
Wherein n iseFor electron density, a is the normalized laser electric field amplitude.
5. The system of claim 3, wherein the fan target is divided into 8 steps, the difference between the thicknesses of adjacent steps is λ/16, the wavelength λ of the Gaussian laser is 1 μm, and the minimum step thickness is 1 μm.
6. The system of claim 2, wherein the angular momentum of the vortex gamma photon beam varies with the step number and the rotation direction of the fan target.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the micro-channel target and the fan target are formed by carbon ions, hydrogen ions and electrons, and are electrically neutral as a whole.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the density of electrons in the micro-channel target and the fan target is 200nc，ncThe ratio of carbon ions to hydrogen ions was 1:4 for the plasma critical density.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the Gaussian laser is a circularly polarized Gaussian laser with a laser intensity of 1021～1022W/cm2。
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the micro-channel target is a cylinder structure, the inner radius of the micro-channel target is 2-4 μm, and the thickness of the micro-channel target is 0.8-1.2 μm.
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| CN112072456B (en) | 2021-06-25 |
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