CN112058856A - Anaerobic digestion method for solid kitchen waste - Google Patents
Anaerobic digestion method for solid kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN112058856A CN112058856A CN202010792542.2A CN202010792542A CN112058856A CN 112058856 A CN112058856 A CN 112058856A CN 202010792542 A CN202010792542 A CN 202010792542A CN 112058856 A CN112058856 A CN 112058856A
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- kitchen waste
- anaerobic digestion
- sewage
- anaerobic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste solids, and belongs to the technical field of waste treatment. The method for anaerobic digestion of the solid kitchen waste comprises the following steps: (1) draining; (2) sorting and removing impurities; (3) crushing; (4) oil-water separation; (5) treating crude oil; (6) anaerobic fermentation; (7) refluxing the filtrate; (8) purifying the methane and recycling the methane. The method for the anaerobic digestion of the solid kitchen waste can effectively perform harmless treatment on the kitchen waste, has high treatment efficiency and good effect, can also generate biodiesel, organic fertilizer and refined natural gas in the treatment process, and realizes effective recycling of the kitchen waste compared with the traditional kitchen waste treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste solids, and belongs to the technical field of waste treatment.
Background
The kitchen waste refers to food waste, food residues, food processing waste, inedible animal and vegetable oil and fat and various oil-water mixtures in families, schools, institutions, public dining halls and catering industries, and is part of municipal domestic waste. At present, domestic kitchen waste treatment modes mainly take landfill and incineration treatment together with household garbage, the landfill treatment modes can reduce the service life of a landfill site, and for the incineration treatment modes, only a few developed cities such as Shenzhen and the like in China adopt a waste incineration technology, and harmful gases such as dioxin, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and the like, dust, waste water and the like generated by incineration cannot be effectively controlled. In order to realize sustainable development of resources, a more effective treatment mode must be found, effective recycling of the kitchen garbage is realized, and great significance is brought to the economic and environmental development of China.
Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable materials in the absence of oxygen. The biodegradable material comprises waste paper, kitchen waste, high-concentration organic wastewater, animal excrement, liquid waste and the like. Anaerobic digestion is suitable for the treatment of moist organic material and is widely used for the treatment of organic waste.
At present, the effect of treating the kitchen waste by using an anaerobic digestion method cannot reach the expectation, and the kitchen waste cannot be effectively recycled when the kitchen waste is treated by adopting the anaerobic digestion method at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for the anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste solids, which has a good treatment effect and can effectively recycle the kitchen waste, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme provided by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste solids comprises the following steps:
(1) draining: putting the collected fresh kitchen waste serving as a material to be treated into a material receiving device, conveying the material to a sorting machine, draining most of sewage in the conveying process, collecting the drained sewage, discharging the sewage to a sewage plant, and discharging the sewage after sewage treatment;
(2) sorting and impurity removing: sorting the kitchen waste after draining in a sorting machine, and separating out impurities such as metal, plastic bags and the like contained in the waste;
(3) crushing treatment: crushing the sorted kitchen waste by using a roller crusher to obtain a mixture with the particle diameter less than or equal to 5 mm;
(4) oil-water separation: conveying the obtained mixture to a centrifugal machine, separating to obtain a light phase and a heavy phase, conveying the separated heavy phase into an adjusting tank, removing fiber particle impurities from the obtained light phase through a vibrating screen, conveying the light phase to a heater through a conveying pump, heating, performing oil-water separation again through the centrifugal machine, separating to obtain crude oil and supernatant, and conveying the supernatant into the adjusting tank;
(5) treating crude oil: feeding the crude oil obtained by oil-water separation into an acid-base catalytic reaction unit, adding methanol into the acid-base catalytic reaction unit to remove water-soluble impurities, feeding the treated crude oil into a standing tank to separate the crude oil from the methanol and the acid-base, and finally feeding the crude oil into a distillation unit to obtain biodiesel from the top of a distillation tower by adopting a distillation process, wherein glycerol is generated from the bottom of the distillation tower;
(6) the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps:
domesticating A strains: performing strain domestication in a culture pond, and attaching the domesticated strain to a filler;
filling the filler and the raw sludge into an anaerobic fermentation tank, mixing the supernatant and the heavy phase substances in the regulating tank, and allowing the mixture to enter the anaerobic fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation, wherein anaerobic digestion comprises three stages of hydrolysis, acid production, dehydrogenation and methane production, the pH value is controlled to be 6.7-7.3, the temperature is controlled to be 36-41 ℃, and methane, biogas slurry and sludge are produced;
(7) refluxing the filtrate: adding the biogas slurry and sludge generated by anaerobic fermentation into PAM (polyacrylamide) with the absolute dry weight of 1-2 per mill of the sludge, introducing the flocculated biogas slurry and sludge into a centrifuge for dehydration to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residues, and refluxing the biogas slurry into an adjusting tank; adding 8 percent PAC and 13 percent FeCl of the total weight of absolute dry sludge into the sludge and the biogas residues after centrifugal dehydration in sequence3Conditioning and modifying 27% CaO, feeding the modified sludge into a plate-and-frame filter press to obtain filtrate and residues, refluxing part of the obtained filtrate into a regulating tank, discharging the rest of the obtained filtrate into a sewage plant, treating the sewage and then discharging, and performing aerobic composting on the obtained residues to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(8) methane purification and resource utilization: the marsh gas in the step (6) firstly enters a marsh gas-water separator through a marsh gas cabinet, then the marsh gas is pressurized to 2.3kPa through a marsh gas booster fan, the pressurized marsh gas is sent to a desulfurizing tower for desulfurization treatment and then is pressurized to 0.8MPa through a marsh gas compressor, and the mixed gas after secondary pressurization through the marsh gas compressor enters a PSA system to remove CO contained in the mixed gas2And then the gas enters a dryer for dehydration and is sprayed into a natural gas compressor through a product gas buffer tank to pressurize the gas to 25MPa, so as to prepare the refined natural gas.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: in the step (4), the water content of the light phase is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the oil content of the heavy phase is less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: and (3) when the strain is domesticated in the step (6), raw mud in an anaerobic pool of an urban sewage treatment plant with the solid content of 3% -4% is taken and filled into a culture pool, a filler is filled into the culture pool, the filler is immersed in the raw mud in the culture pool, when the strain is domesticated, nutrient solution is added into the culture pool, and the strain is domesticated at the temperature of 34-36 ℃.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: the anaerobic fermentation tank in the step (6) is a continuous stirring reactor, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the anaerobic fermentation tank is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, the hydraulic retention time is 22-28d, and the stirring speed is 150-260 rpm.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the method has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the kitchen waste solid anaerobic digestion method, the kitchen waste can be effectively pretreated through draining and sorting impurity removal, and the effect and efficiency of subsequent treatment are greatly improved;
(2) according to the kitchen waste solid anaerobic digestion method, the size of the kitchen waste can be reduced through crushing treatment, and the reaction efficiency in subsequent anaerobic digestion is improved;
(3) according to the solid anaerobic digestion method for the kitchen waste, crude oil is separated through oil-water separation, and the crude oil is treated through the acid-base catalytic reaction unit to obtain the biodiesel, so that the effective recycling of the kitchen waste is realized;
(4) according to the kitchen waste solid anaerobic digestion method, anaerobic bacteria are cultured by adopting a strain domestication method, so that the cost of anaerobic digestion is reduced, and the effect and efficiency of anaerobic digestion in an anaerobic fermentation tank are improved; the strain culture efficiency is high under the environment of 34-36 ℃;
(5) according to the method for anaerobic digestion of solid kitchen waste, the residues in the step of refluxing the filtrate are subjected to aerobic composting to obtain an organic fertilizer, so that effective recycling of the kitchen waste is realized;
(6) the method for anaerobic digestion of solid kitchen waste improves the quality of finally generated natural gas by purifying and recycling the methane, and the obtained refined natural gas has wide application range, thereby further improving the resource formation degree of the kitchen waste.
Detailed Description
Examples
The method for anaerobic digestion of the kitchen waste solids comprises the following steps:
(1) draining: putting the collected fresh kitchen waste serving as a material to be treated into a material receiving device, conveying the material to a sorting machine, draining most of sewage in the conveying process, collecting the drained sewage, discharging the sewage to a sewage plant, and discharging the sewage after sewage treatment;
(2) sorting and impurity removing: sorting the kitchen waste after draining in a sorting machine, and separating out impurities such as metal, plastic bags and the like contained in the waste;
(3) crushing treatment: crushing the sorted kitchen waste by using a roller crusher to obtain a mixture with the particle diameter less than or equal to 5 mm;
(4) oil-water separation: conveying the obtained mixture to a centrifugal machine, separating to obtain a light phase and a heavy phase, conveying the separated heavy phase into an adjusting tank, removing fiber particle impurities from the obtained light phase through a vibrating screen, conveying the light phase to a heater through a conveying pump, heating, performing oil-water separation again through the centrifugal machine, separating to obtain crude oil and supernatant, and conveying the supernatant into the adjusting tank;
wherein: the water content of the light phase is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the oil content of the heavy phase is less than or equal to 0.3 percent;
(5) treating crude oil: feeding the crude oil obtained by oil-water separation into an acid-base catalytic reaction unit, adding methanol into the acid-base catalytic reaction unit to remove water-soluble impurities, feeding the treated crude oil into a standing tank to separate the crude oil from the methanol and the acid-base, and finally feeding the crude oil into a distillation unit to obtain biodiesel from the top of a distillation tower by adopting a distillation process, wherein glycerol is generated from the bottom of the distillation tower;
(6) the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps:
domesticating A strains: performing strain domestication in a culture pond, and attaching the domesticated strain to a filler; when domesticating strains, raw mud in an anaerobic pool of an urban sewage treatment plant with the solid content of 3% -4% is taken and put into a culture pool, a filler is put into the culture pool, the filler is immersed in the raw mud in the culture pool, when domesticating the strains, nutrient solution is added into the culture pool, and the strains are domesticated at the temperature of 34-36 ℃;
filling the filler and the raw sludge into an anaerobic fermentation tank, mixing the supernatant and the heavy phase substances in the regulating tank, and allowing the mixture to enter the anaerobic fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation, wherein anaerobic digestion comprises three stages of hydrolysis, acid production, dehydrogenation and methane production, the pH value is controlled to be 6.7-7.3, the temperature is controlled to be 36-41 ℃, and methane, biogas slurry and sludge are produced;
(7) refluxing the filtrate: adding the biogas slurry and sludge generated by anaerobic fermentation into PAM (polyacrylamide) with the absolute dry weight of 1-2 per mill of the sludge, introducing the flocculated biogas slurry and sludge into a centrifuge for dehydration to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residues, and refluxing the biogas slurry into an adjusting tank; adding 8 percent PAC and 13 percent FeCl of the total weight of absolute dry sludge into the sludge and the biogas residues after centrifugal dehydration in sequence3Conditioning and modifying 27% CaO, feeding the modified sludge into a plate-and-frame filter press to obtain filtrate and residues, refluxing part of the obtained filtrate into a regulating tank, discharging the rest of the obtained filtrate into a sewage plant, treating the sewage and then discharging, and performing aerobic composting on the obtained residues to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(8) methane purification and resource utilization: the marsh gas in the step (6) firstly enters a marsh gas-water separator through a marsh gas cabinet, then the marsh gas is pressurized to 2.3kPa through a marsh gas booster fan, the pressurized marsh gas is sent to a desulfurizing tower for desulfurization treatment and then is pressurized to 0.8MPa through a marsh gas compressor, and the mixed gas after secondary pressurization through the marsh gas compressor enters a PSA system to remove CO contained in the mixed gas2And then the gas enters a dryer for dehydration and is sprayed into a natural gas compressor through a product gas buffer tank to pressurize the gas to 25MPa, so as to prepare the refined natural gas.
In the step (6) of the method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste solids, the anaerobic fermentation tank is a continuous stirring reactor, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the anaerobic fermentation tank is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, the hydraulic retention time is 22-28d, and the stirring speed is 150-260 rpm.
The method for anaerobic digestion of solid kitchen waste can effectively perform harmless treatment on the kitchen waste, is high in treatment efficiency and good in effect, can also generate biodiesel, organic fertilizer and refined natural gas in the treatment process, and realizes effective recycling of the kitchen waste compared with the traditional kitchen waste treatment.
According to the kitchen waste solid anaerobic digestion method, the kitchen waste can be effectively pretreated through draining and sorting impurity removal, and the effect and efficiency of subsequent treatment are greatly improved; according to the kitchen waste solid anaerobic digestion method, the size of the kitchen waste can be reduced through crushing treatment, and the reaction efficiency in subsequent anaerobic digestion is improved; according to the solid anaerobic digestion method for the kitchen waste, crude oil is separated through oil-water separation, and the crude oil is treated through the acid-base catalytic reaction unit to obtain the biodiesel, so that the effective recycling of the kitchen waste is realized; according to the kitchen waste solid anaerobic digestion method, anaerobic bacteria are cultured by adopting a strain domestication method, so that the cost of anaerobic digestion is reduced, and the effect and efficiency of anaerobic digestion in an anaerobic fermentation tank are improved; the strain culture efficiency is high under the environment of 34-36 ℃; according to the method for anaerobic digestion of solid kitchen waste, the residues in the step of refluxing the filtrate are subjected to aerobic composting to obtain an organic fertilizer, so that effective recycling of the kitchen waste is realized; the method for anaerobic digestion of solid kitchen waste improves the quality of finally generated natural gas by purifying and recycling the methane, and the obtained refined natural gas has wide application range, thereby further improving the resource formation degree of the kitchen waste.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste solids is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) draining: putting the collected fresh kitchen waste serving as a material to be treated into a material receiving device, conveying the material to a sorting machine, draining most of sewage in the conveying process, collecting the drained sewage, discharging the sewage to a sewage plant, and discharging the sewage after sewage treatment;
(2) sorting and impurity removing: sorting the kitchen waste after draining in a sorting machine, and separating out impurities such as metal, plastic bags and the like contained in the waste;
(3) crushing treatment: crushing the sorted kitchen waste by using a roller crusher to obtain a mixture with the particle diameter less than or equal to 5 mm;
(4) oil-water separation: conveying the obtained mixture to a centrifugal machine, separating to obtain a light phase and a heavy phase, conveying the separated heavy phase into an adjusting tank, removing fiber particle impurities from the obtained light phase through a vibrating screen, conveying the light phase to a heater through a conveying pump, heating, performing oil-water separation again through the centrifugal machine, separating to obtain crude oil and supernatant, and conveying the supernatant into the adjusting tank;
(5) treating crude oil: feeding the crude oil obtained by oil-water separation into an acid-base catalytic reaction unit, adding methanol into the acid-base catalytic reaction unit to remove water-soluble impurities, feeding the treated crude oil into a standing tank to separate the crude oil from the methanol and the acid-base, and finally feeding the crude oil into a distillation unit to obtain biodiesel from the top of a distillation tower by adopting a distillation process, wherein glycerol is generated from the bottom of the distillation tower;
(6) the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps:
domesticating A strains: performing strain domestication in a culture pond, and attaching the domesticated strain to a filler;
filling the filler and the raw sludge into an anaerobic fermentation tank, mixing the supernatant and the heavy phase substances in the regulating tank, and allowing the mixture to enter the anaerobic fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation, wherein anaerobic digestion comprises three stages of hydrolysis, acid production, dehydrogenation and methane production, the pH value is controlled to be 6.7-7.3, the temperature is controlled to be 36-41 ℃, and methane, biogas slurry and sludge are produced;
(7) refluxing the filtrate: adding the biogas slurry and sludge generated by anaerobic fermentation into PAM (polyacrylamide) with the absolute dry weight of 1-2 per mill of the sludge, introducing the flocculated biogas slurry and sludge into a centrifuge for dehydration to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residues, and refluxing the biogas slurry into an adjusting tank; the sludge and the biogas residues after the centrifugal dehydration are sequentially added into 8 percent of the total weight of the absolutely dry sludgePAC、13％FeCl3Conditioning and modifying 27% CaO, feeding the modified sludge into a plate-and-frame filter press to obtain filtrate and residues, refluxing part of the obtained filtrate into a regulating tank, discharging the rest of the obtained filtrate into a sewage plant, treating the sewage and then discharging, and performing aerobic composting on the obtained residues to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(8) methane purification and resource utilization: the marsh gas in the step (6) firstly enters a marsh gas-water separator through a marsh gas cabinet, then the marsh gas is pressurized to 2.3kPa through a marsh gas booster fan, the pressurized marsh gas is sent to a desulfurizing tower for desulfurization treatment and then is pressurized to 0.8MPa through a marsh gas compressor, and the mixed gas after secondary pressurization through the marsh gas compressor enters a PSA system to remove CO contained in the mixed gas2And then the gas enters a dryer for dehydration and is sprayed into a natural gas compressor through a product gas buffer tank to pressurize the gas to 25MPa, so as to prepare the refined natural gas.
2. The method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste solids according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), the water content of the light phase is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the oil content of the heavy phase is less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
3. The method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste solids according to claim 2, characterized in that: and (3) when the strain is domesticated in the step (6), raw mud in an anaerobic pool of an urban sewage treatment plant with the solid content of 3% -4% is taken and filled into a culture pool, a filler is filled into the culture pool, the filler is immersed in the raw mud in the culture pool, when the strain is domesticated, nutrient solution is added into the culture pool, and the strain is domesticated at the temperature of 34-36 ℃.
4. The method for anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste solids according to claim 3, characterized in that: the anaerobic fermentation tank in the step (6) is a continuous stirring reactor, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the anaerobic fermentation tank is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, the hydraulic retention time is 22-28d, and the stirring speed is 150-260 rpm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010792542.2A CN112058856A (en) | 2020-08-09 | 2020-08-09 | Anaerobic digestion method for solid kitchen waste |
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| CN202010792542.2A CN112058856A (en) | 2020-08-09 | 2020-08-09 | Anaerobic digestion method for solid kitchen waste |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112845531A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-28 | 浙江师范大学 | Anaerobic digestion treatment method for kitchen waste |
| CN113877942A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-04 | 深圳绿达环境工程技术有限公司 | Harmless treatment method for kitchen garbage |
| WO2022178960A1 (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-09-01 | 同济大学 | High-value treatment system or method for urban wet waste |
| CN115231972A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-25 | 中节能工程技术研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer from kitchen waste through anaerobic fermentation |
-
2020
- 2020-08-09 CN CN202010792542.2A patent/CN112058856A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112845531A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-28 | 浙江师范大学 | Anaerobic digestion treatment method for kitchen waste |
| CN112845531B (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-03-25 | 浙江师范大学 | Anaerobic digestion treatment method for kitchen waste |
| WO2022178960A1 (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-09-01 | 同济大学 | High-value treatment system or method for urban wet waste |
| CN113877942A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-04 | 深圳绿达环境工程技术有限公司 | Harmless treatment method for kitchen garbage |
| CN113877942B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-07-19 | 深圳绿达环境工程技术有限公司 | Harmless treatment method for kitchen garbage |
| CN115231972A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-25 | 中节能工程技术研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer from kitchen waste through anaerobic fermentation |
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Application publication date: 20201211 |
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