CN112045231A - Method for processing spiral groove - Google Patents
Method for processing spiral groove Download PDFInfo
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- CN112045231A CN112045231A CN202010870657.9A CN202010870657A CN112045231A CN 112045231 A CN112045231 A CN 112045231A CN 202010870657 A CN202010870657 A CN 202010870657A CN 112045231 A CN112045231 A CN 112045231A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
- B23C3/28—Grooving workpieces
- B23C3/32—Milling helical grooves, e.g. in making twist-drills
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Abstract
The invention relates to a curved surface processing method, in particular to a spiral groove processing method. The width of the spiral groove is w, the depth of the starting point of the spiral groove is d1, the depth of the finishing point of the spiral groove is d2, the length of the spiral groove is L, the climbing angle of the spiral groove is beta, the vertical deviation of the tolerance zone of the design size of the surface of the spiral groove is h, the spiral groove is processed on the outer surface of the shaft part on a four-axis vertical processing center, wherein the cutter shaft of the cutter rotates around a contact point by an angle beta' in the feeding direction, and the radius R of the cutter meets the following requirements: r is not more than h/sin beta, wherein 2R is not more than w, and the rotation angle beta' of the cutter shaft of the cutter around the contact point in the feeding direction is equal to the climbing angle beta of the spiral groove. The invention realizes the processing of the free-form surface on the four-axis vertical processing center and further realizes the processing of the spiral groove on the free-form surface, so that the surface of the processed spiral groove meets the tolerance band vertical deviation of the design size.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a curved surface processing method, in particular to a spiral groove processing method.
Background
In the prior art, the processing of the free-form surface of the outer surface of a part is mostly finished on a five-axis linkage processing center. In the machining process, the free-form surface of the shaft part is machined by mainly controlling and optimizing the cutter shaft, planning and generating a proper cutter track and the like. The tool path is calculated based on the geometry of the part, the selected machine tool, the shape of the tool, the feed method, and the machining allowance. The specific algorithm of the tool path has various algorithms according to the research content and the actual processing conditions. Whether effective cutter tracks can be generated in the curved surface machining directly determines the possibility, quality and efficiency of the curved surface numerical control machining.
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
For the processing of a long-shaft spiral curved surface, the efficiency of a five-shaft linkage processing center is low, the four-shaft linkage processing center cannot realize the rotation and swing of a cutter, and the cutter shaft optimization cannot be realized, so that a proper cutter track is difficult to generate, and the processing of a free curved surface on the four-shaft linkage processing center becomes difficult. Therefore, the invention provides a method for processing a spiral groove, which aims to solve the problem that the spiral groove on a curved surface cannot be processed on a four-axis vertical processing center.
Means for solving the problems
The invention provides a processing method of a spiral groove, the width of the spiral groove is w, the depth of the starting point of the spiral groove is d1, the depth of the finishing point of the spiral groove is d2, the length of the spiral groove is L, the climbing angle of the spiral groove is beta, the designed dimensional tolerance zone of the surface of the spiral groove is up and down deviation of h, the processing of the spiral groove is carried out on the outer surface of a shaft part on a four-axis vertical processing center, wherein the cutter shaft of a cutter rotates around a contact point by an angle beta' towards the feeding direction, and the radius R of the cutter meets the following requirements: r is not more than h/sin beta, wherein 2R is not more than w, and the rotation angle beta' of the cutter shaft of the cutter around the contact point in the feeding direction is equal to the climbing angle beta of the spiral groove.
Further, the middle part of the spiral groove is processed firstly until the width of the spiral groove reaches w1, the depth of the starting point of the spiral groove reaches d1, the depth of the finishing point of the spiral groove reaches d2, and the length of the spiral groove is L; and then respectively processing the left side and the right side of the spiral groove until the width of the spiral groove reaches w, the starting point depth of the spiral groove reaches d1, the end point depth of the spiral groove reaches d2, and the length of the spiral groove is L, wherein 2R is not less than w1 and not more than w.
Further, the processing method comprises rough processing and finish processing, wherein in the rough processing, a cutter meeting the cutter radius R1 is used for processing the middle part of the spiral groove until the width of the spiral groove reaches w1, the depth of the starting point of the spiral groove reaches d1, the depth of the finishing point of the spiral groove reaches d2, and the length of the spiral groove reaches L; in the finish machining, the left side and the right side of the spiral groove are machined by using a cutter meeting the cutter radius R2 until the width of the spiral groove reaches w, the starting point depth of the spiral groove reaches d1, the end point depth of the spiral groove reaches d2, and the length of the spiral groove reaches L, wherein after the rough machining is finished, the vertical deviation of a tolerance zone of the design size of the surface of the spiral groove is h1, and the radius R1 of the used cutter meets the condition that R1 is not more than h1/sin beta; the radius R2 of the cutter used for finish machining meets the condition that R2 is not more than h/sin beta; 2R2 is not less than 2R1 is not less than w1 is not less than w.
Further, the machining allowance of rough machining reserved for finish machining meets the condition that h1-h is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.7.
Furthermore, the included angle of the spiral groove relative to a straight line parallel to the axis of the part on the outer surface of the shaft part is alpha, and the deflection angle alpha 'of the cutter around the plane where the contact point is located on the bottom surface of the cutter, wherein the included angle alpha of the spiral groove relative to a straight line parallel to the axis of the part on the outer surface of the shaft part is equal to the deflection angle alpha' of the cutter around the plane where the contact point is located on the bottom surface of the cutter.
Further, when the spiral groove is machined, the cutting depth of the cutter is gradually increased in one-time feeding.
Furthermore, the climbing angle of the spiral groove is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 15 degrees.
Further, the cutter is a flat-bottom end mill.
Compared with the prior art, the method calculates the size of the cutter according to the method, programs the program according to a four-axis linear machining mode, selects continuous variable depth cutting, measures the residual height value of the bottom surface of the spiral groove after machining by using the measuring function of programming software after simulation machining in the program, and measures that the size of the part machined by the method meets the requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1a shows a schematic view of a machined part of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 1b and 1c are left and right side views of FIG. 1a, respectively;
FIG. 1d is a side expanded view of FIG. 1 a;
FIGS. 2 a-2 e are schematic views showing the positional relationship of a flat end mill to the curved surface of a workpiece being machined during free-form surface machining;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between a ball end mill and a curved surface of a workpiece to be machined during free-form surface machining;
fig. 4 shows a cross-section in the direction a-a in fig. 1 d.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings. Fig. 2 a-2 e show schematic views of the positional relationship of the face end mill 1 and the curved surface of the workpiece 2 being machined during free-form surface machining (here the surface of the workpiece being machined is a concave curved surface relative to the face end mill 1). Wherein, the feeding direction of the cutter is f, the contact point of the cutter and the curved surface is called as a contact point CC, the cutter shaft is ax, the residual height of the workpiece is h, the radius of the cutter is R, the machining line pitch is l, the effective cutting radius of the cutter is Re, and the normal curvature radius of the machining curved surface perpendicular to the feeding direction f at the contact point CC of the cutter is Rs. The appropriate machining line spacing l is important for achieving the machining precision and the surface roughness and achieving high machining efficiency. When machining a free curved surface using an end mill, the machining line pitch l is determined by the local geometric characteristics of the machined pair of curved surfaces, given the workpiece residual height h and the tool radius R. The specific value of the processing line spacing l has the following relation with the residual height of a workpiece, the average effective cutting radius Re of a cutter and the normal curvature radius Rs of a curved surface perpendicular to the feeding direction at the contact point of the cutter: l ═ 8R e · Rs · h/(Rs ± Re) ] 1/2. Wherein, regarding "+ -" in "Rs +/-Re", the convex curved surface takes the positive value, and the concave curved surface takes the negative value. The effective radius Re of the tool changes with the angle beta of rotation of the arbor of the tool about the cutting contact point CC in the feed direction, and when the inclination angle beta is in the range of (0-15 degrees), the effective cutting radius Re of the tool becomes larger with the decrease of the inclination angle. In the free-form surface machining, a small inclination angle is selected as much as possible in order to obtain high machining efficiency.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a positional relationship between the ball end mill and a curved surface of a workpiece to be machined in a free-form surface machining process (here, a surface of the workpiece to be machined is a concave curved surface with respect to the ball end mill). In the process of processing the free curved surface by the ball-end milling cutter, the residual height h and the normal curvature radius Rs of the curved surface perpendicular to the feeding direction at the cutter contact point CC, the processing line spacing l and the cutter radius R have the following relations: l is 8 Re.Rs.h/(Rs + -Re). Wherein, regarding "+ -" in "Rs +/-Re", the convex curved surface takes the positive value, and the concave curved surface takes the negative value. In the process of processing a given curved surface, if the residual height h is given (namely the precision of the curved surface is given), a larger-size tool can be selected for a wider processing line space, and the processing precision of the curved surface is also favorably improved. However, if the radius R of the tool is smaller than the normal radius of curvature of the curved surface perpendicular to the feed direction at the tool contact point CC, the residual height h will be smaller than zero and over-cutting will occur.
According to the invention, a proper residual height is selected according to the vertical deviation h of the tolerance zone of the designed size of the surface of the processed spiral groove, and the spiral groove is processed on a four-axis machine tool by using an end milling cutter with a certain diameter and by continuous variable-depth cutting depth. In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1a to 1d, the part is a cylindrical shaft part with a hollow inside, the inside and the outside of the part are respectively cylindrical, and the cross sections of the two cylinders form an eccentric circle. For convenience of description, the axis of the cylindrical shaft part (the axis of the hollow cylinder inside the part) of the present invention is located on the x-axis, and the bottom surface of the cylinder is located on the plane of the y-axis and the z-axis. Processing a spiral groove on the outer part (namely the side surface of the cylinder) of the part, wherein the width of the spiral groove is w, the depth of the starting point of the spiral groove is d1, the depth of the finishing point of the spiral groove is d2, the length of the spiral groove is L, the climbing angle of the spiral groove is beta, and the vertical deviation of the designed dimensional tolerance zone of the surface of the spiral groove is h; and processing the spiral groove until the width of the spiral groove reaches w, the starting point depth of the spiral groove is d1 (not shown), the end point depth of the spiral groove is d2, the length of the spiral groove is L, the climbing angle of the spiral groove is beta, and the upper and lower deviation of the dimensional tolerance band of the surface of the spiral groove meets the upper and lower deviation h of the designed dimensional tolerance band. The climb angle β of the helical groove can be expressed as the angle between the bottom surface of the helical groove in the unfolded state as shown in fig. 1d and the surface of the hollow cylinder of the machined part. As shown in fig. 4, n1 is a center line of the bottom surface of the spiral groove, n2 is a straight line on the surface of the hollow cylinder of the machined part corresponding to the center line n1 of the bottom surface of the spiral groove, and Δ Z is a variation in distance between the bottom surface of the spiral groove and the surface of the hollow cylinder of the machined part corresponding thereto. Wherein, the cutter shaft of the cutter rotates an angle beta 'around the contact point to the feeding direction, the angle beta' around the contact point to the feeding direction is equal to the climbing angle beta of the spiral groove, and the radius R of the cutter satisfies the following conditions: r is not less than h/sin beta, 2R is not less than w. In the embodiment, the climbing angle of the spiral groove satisfies the condition that beta is more than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 15 degrees.
The processing method also comprises the following steps of firstly processing the middle part of the spiral groove until the width of the spiral groove reaches w1, the depth of the starting point of the spiral groove reaches d1, the depth of the terminal point of the spiral groove reaches d2, the climbing angle of the spiral groove is beta, and the length of the spiral groove reaches L; and then respectively processing the left side and the right side of the spiral groove until the width of the spiral groove reaches w, the depth of the spiral groove reaches d, the climbing angle of the spiral groove is beta, the length of the spiral groove reaches L, wherein w1 is not less than 2R.
The machining method of the present invention further includes rough machining and finish machining, the rough machining including: using a cutter meeting the cutter radius R1 to process the middle part of the spiral groove until the width of the spiral groove reaches w1, the depth reaches d, the length of the spiral groove reaches L, and the climbing angle of the spiral groove meets beta; the finishing comprises: processing the left side and the right side of the spiral groove by using a cutter meeting the cutter radius R2 until the width of the spiral groove reaches w, the depth of the spiral groove reaches d, the length of the spiral groove reaches L, and the climbing angle of the spiral groove meets beta, wherein after the rough processing is finished, the vertical deviation of the dimensional tolerance zone of the surface of the spiral groove is h1, and the radius R1 of the used cutter meets the condition that R1 is not more than h1/sin beta; the radius R2 of the cutter used for finish machining meets the condition that R2 is not more than h/sin beta; w1 is more than or equal to 2R1 and less than or equal to w. When the parts are respectively subjected to rough machining and finish machining, the machining allowance of the rough machining for the finish machining is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to h1-h and less than or equal to 0.7.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1d, the side of the cylindrical part is unfolded, the included angle of the spiral groove relative to a straight line a1 on the outer surface of the shaft-like part parallel to the axis of the part (here, the z-axis) is α, the cutter is deflected around the plane where the contact point of the cutting is located on the bottom surface of the cutter by an angle α ', wherein the included angle α of the spiral groove relative to the straight line on the outer surface of the shaft-like part parallel to the axis of the part is equal to the angle α' of deflection of the cutter around the contact point of the cutting on the bottom surface of the cutter, wherein α is greater than or equal to 10 ° and less than or equal to. The cutting depth of the tool is gradually increased when the spiral groove is machined.
The tool used in the above described embodiments of the invention is a flat bottom end mill. Of course, the spiral groove processing method of the invention is not limited to a flat-bottom end mill, but also can be a ball end mill, a round nose cutter and an R cutter.
FIGS. 1a-1d show schematic views of machined parts of an embodiment of the present invention. The width of the spiral groove is 33.27, the absolute value of the z-axis coordinate of the starting point of the spiral groove is 71.12, the absolute value of the z-axis coordinate of the finishing point of the spiral groove is 72.136, the length of the spiral groove is 461.05, the climbing angle of the spiral groove is 2.5 degrees, and the vertical deviation of the designed size tolerance zone of the surface of the spiral groove is 0.76. According to the radius R of the cutter, the following conditions are satisfied: and R is not less than h/sin beta, wherein 2R is not less than w, and the radius (taking an integer) of the needed cutter is calculated to be 17, so that the cutter with the diameter phi not more than 33 can be adopted for processing for multiple times. In the embodiment, the spiral grooves of the part are respectively machined by rough machining and finish machining, and the radius R1 of a cutter used according to the rough machining meets the condition that R1 is not less than h1/sin beta; the radius R2 of the cutter used for finish machining meets the condition that R2 is not more than h/sin beta; and w is not less than 2R2 and not more than 2R1 and not more than w1, the diameter of the rough machining cutter is calculated and selected to be 30, and the diameter of the finish machining cutter is 12. And then simulating the machining by means of programming software, firstly carrying out rough machining on the middle part of the spiral groove for multiple times by using a cutter with the diameter of 30, and then respectively carrying out multiple machining on the left side and the right side of the spiral groove by using a cutter with the diameter of 12 until the width, the depth and the length of the spiral groove respectively meet the requirements. After the machining is finished, the residual height value of the bottom surface of the machined spiral groove is measured by using the measuring function of the programming software, and the vertical deviation of the dimensional tolerance zone of the surface of the spiral groove is 0.14 after measurement, so that the vertical deviation of the designed dimensional tolerance zone of the surface of the spiral groove is met, the purpose of machining a curved surface spiral groove by four-axis linkage is realized, and the efficiency of four-axis linkage machining is also improved.
Compared with the prior art, the four-axis vertical machining center realizes the machining of the free-form surface and the machining of the spiral groove on the free-form surface, so that the machined surface of the spiral groove meets the upper and lower deviation of a designed dimensional tolerance zone, and the four-axis linkage machining efficiency is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A method for processing a spiral groove, the width of the spiral groove is w, the depth of the starting point of the spiral groove is d1, the depth of the finishing point of the spiral groove is d2, the length of the spiral groove is L, the climbing angle of the spiral groove is beta, the up-down deviation of the designed dimensional tolerance zone of the surface of the spiral groove is h, the method is characterized in that,
the spiral groove is processed on the outer surface of the shaft part on a four-axis vertical processing center,
wherein, the arbor of cutter is around cutting the contact to feed direction turned angle β', the radius R of cutter satisfies: r is not more than h/sin beta, wherein 2R is not more than w, and the rotation angle beta' of the cutter shaft of the cutter around the contact point in the feeding direction is equal to the climbing angle beta of the spiral groove.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the middle part in the width direction of the spiral groove is processed first until the width of the spiral groove reaches w1, the starting point depth of the spiral groove reaches d1, the ending point depth of the spiral groove reaches d2, and the length of the spiral groove is L;
and then respectively processing two sides of the spiral groove in the width direction until the width of the spiral groove reaches w, the starting point depth of the spiral groove reaches d1, the end point depth of the spiral groove reaches d2, and the length of the spiral groove is L, wherein w1 is not more than 2R.
3. The method of machining a spiral groove as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which includes rough machining in which a widthwise middle portion of the spiral groove is machined up to a width of the spiral groove of w1, a starting point depth of the spiral groove of d1, an ending point depth of the spiral groove of d2, and a length of the spiral groove of L using a tool satisfying a tool radius R1;
in the finish machining, both sides of the spiral groove in the width direction are machined by using a cutter satisfying a cutter radius R2 until the width of the spiral groove reaches w, the depth of the starting point of the spiral groove reaches d1, the depth of the ending point of the spiral groove reaches d2, and the length of the spiral groove reaches L, wherein
The vertical deviation of the tolerance zone of the design size of the surface of the spiral groove after rough machining is h1, and the radius R1 of a cutter used for rough machining meets the condition that R1 is not more than h1/sin beta; the radius R2 of the cutter used for finish machining meets the condition that R2 is not more than h/sin beta; 2R2 is not less than 2R1 is not less than w1 is not less than w.
4. A spiral groove machining method as claimed in claim 3, wherein a machining allowance for rough machining left to finish machining satisfies 0.01 ≤ h1-h ≤ 0.7.
5. A method for machining a spiral groove according to claim 1, wherein an included angle of the spiral groove with respect to a straight line parallel to the axis of the shaft-like part on the outer surface of the shaft-like part is α, and the cutter deflects by an angle α 'around a plane where the contact point is located on the bottom surface of the cutter, wherein the included angle α of the spiral groove with respect to a straight line parallel to the axis of the part on the outer surface of the shaft-like part is equal to the angle α' around the contact point on the bottom surface of the cutter.
6. A spiral flute processing method according to claim 1, wherein a cutting depth of the tool is gradually increased in one pass in processing the spiral flute.
7. The method for processing the spiral groove according to claim 1, wherein the climbing angle of the spiral groove is 0 ° < β < 15 °.
8. A method of machining a helical flute according to claim 1 wherein said tool is a flat bottom end mill.
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| CN202010870657.9A CN112045231A (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2020-08-26 | Method for processing spiral groove |
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| CN202010870657.9A CN112045231A (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2020-08-26 | Method for processing spiral groove |
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| CN201613382U (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2010-10-27 | 大连远东工具有限公司 | Improved groove-shaped spiral cutter |
| RO129154A2 (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2014-01-30 | Universitatea ''petru Maior'' Din Târgu Mureş | Worm machining method |
| CN103418821A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-12-04 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Processing method of spiral groove of conical milling cutter |
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Application publication date: 20201208 |