CN112032003A - Method for monitoring operation performance of large wind turbine generator - Google Patents
Method for monitoring operation performance of large wind turbine generator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring the operation performance of a large-scale wind turbine generator, which comprises the following steps: running data acquisition and data preprocessing; dividing a wind speed interval; dividing an operation area; and (5) judging the performance abnormity. According to the technical scheme, the operation area of the data scatter diagram shape of the wind speed interval in which the low-efficiency data points are easy to accumulate is divided, the whole operation space is divided into a normal operation area and a low-efficiency operation area, and the abnormal operation performance state of the unit is judged based on two quantitative indexes of the low-efficiency area and the low-efficiency data ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a method for monitoring the operation performance of a large-scale wind turbine generator.
Background
Data show that a power curve is generally used as a main basis for evaluating the output performance of a unit in the wind power field, but a power difference curve obtained by a method of averaging by dividing data bin according to wind speed in the IEC61400-12-1 standard only represents the average output level of the unit in an evaluation period, and due to the fact that the data occupation ratio is relatively small in some abnormal working conditions, the abnormal working conditions are generally neutralized by a large amount of normal data in the power curve fitting process and even are forcibly eliminated in the data preprocessing stage, and running information is lost. Therefore, the traditional power curve monitoring method cannot effectively identify the abnormal or inefficient working condition of the unit in the actual operation process.
According to the feedback of a wind power engineering site, due to the reasons of the reduction of the output performance of a unit, the improper setting of control parameters, the instability of wind conditions, the change of air density and the like, the 'wind speed-active power' scatter diagram is easy to generate the accumulation of low-efficiency data points near the starting wind speed and the near rated wind speed. In order to monitor the abnormal output state of the unit more accurately, it is necessary to perform special monitoring on abnormal data points in the original operation data.
Chinese patent document CN110005580B discloses a "wind turbine generator running state monitoring method". The method comprises the following steps: acquiring sensor data of historical operation of a wind turbine generator, wherein the sensor data comprises a wind speed signal, a rotating speed signal, a variable pitch angle signal, a power signal, a strain signal and a vibration signal; respectively constructing a wind speed, rotating speed, variable pitch angle and power matching monitoring model and a rotating speed, power, strain and vibration frequency spectrum monitoring model according to the wind speed signal, the rotating speed signal, the variable pitch angle signal, the power signal, the strain signal and the vibration signal; and acquiring real-time operation data of the wind turbine generator, and comparing the real-time operation data of the wind turbine generator with the wind speed, the rotating speed, the variable pitch angle, the power matching monitoring model, the rotating speed, the power, the strain and the vibration spectrum monitoring model respectively to determine the current operation state of the wind turbine generator. The power difference curve obtained by the method for averaging in the technical scheme only represents the average output level of the unit in the evaluation period, and due to the fact that the data occupation ratio of some abnormal working conditions is relatively small, in the power curve fitting process, the abnormal working conditions are usually neutralized by a large amount of normal data and even are forcibly eliminated in the data preprocessing stage, and running information is lost. Therefore, the traditional power curve monitoring method cannot effectively identify the abnormal or inefficient working condition of the unit in the actual operation process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem that the original power curve monitoring method cannot effectively identify the abnormal or inefficient working condition of the unit in the actual operation process, and provides the large-scale wind turbine unit operation performance monitoring method.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme: the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) running data acquisition and data preprocessing; and deep cleaning is carried out on the unit operation data by adopting a clustering method on the basis of conventional data screening.
(2) Dividing a wind speed interval; and dividing the wind speed interval of the unit into a low wind speed section and a high wind speed section according to the wind speed, and respectively monitoring the performance of the two wind speed intervals.
(3) Dividing an operation area; and dividing the operation area based on the shape of the data scatter diagram, and dividing the whole operation space into a normal operation area and an inefficient operation area.
(4) And (5) judging the performance abnormity. And judging the abnormal state of the unit operation performance based on the area size of the low-efficiency area and the low-efficiency data occupation ratio.
Preferably, the operation data acquisition in the step 1 includes extracting data samples from a historical database of the unit according to an evaluation period, wherein the evaluation period is preferably 1-6 months, and the data channel includes a real-time wind speed, an active power, a generator rotating speed, a pitch angle, a unit operation state flag bit and a power limiting flag bit; the data preprocessing is specifically to carry out deep cleaning on outliers and edge points in a scatter diagram of the operating data by adopting a parameter self-tuning DBSCAN clustering algorithm on the basis of conventional data screening.
Preferably, the conventional data screening in step 1 comprises: rejecting shutdown data and faulty operation data according to the unit operation state zone bit; rejecting power-limiting data according to the power-limiting zone bit; and eliminating data beyond the normal operation range according to the wind speed, the active power and the rotating speed of the generator.
Preferably, the wind speed interval in the step 2 is divided into a low wind speed section and a high wind speed section, the low wind speed section is a starting wind speed section of 4-6m/s, and the high wind speed section is a near wind speed section of 8-12 m/s.
Preferably, the step 3 operation region division calculates the boundaries of the normal region and the inefficient region based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the scattered point data of the wind speed-active power.
Preferably, the calculation of the boundary of the operating region divides the data bin according to the wind speed, wherein the bin interval is 0.5m/s, and the specific calculation method comprises the following steps:
a low wind speed section:
edge_Lv＝median_Lv-W，v＝4，4.5，…6
W＝median_L4-(Q14-1.5IQR4)
IQR4＝Q34-Q14
wherein, Q34、Q14、median_L4Upper and lower quartile values and median, mean _ L, of data bin at wind speed 4m/s, respectivelyvThe median of the data bin with the wind speed v;
a high wind speed section:
edge_Hv＝Q1v-1.5(Q3v-Q1v)，v＝8，8.5，…12
wherein, Q3v、Q1vRespectively the upper and lower quartile values of the data bin of the wind speed v.
Preferably, in the step 4, the data occupation ratio of the low-efficiency area and the low-efficiency area is used as an evaluation index of the abnormal degree of the unit operation state, a threshold value is set according to the probability distribution condition of the index of the quantity of the same machine type, and the unit operation performance is considered to be abnormal when the index exceeds the threshold value.
Preferably, the calculation of the area of the low-efficiency area firstly performs 0-1 normalization on the raw data of the low wind speed section and the high wind speed section and the calculation result of the boundary, and the calculation method of the low-efficiency area comprises the following steps:
wherein, min _ Lv、min_HvIs the minimum value of the data bin for wind speed v.
Preferably, the accuracy of the DBSCAN algorithm is related to the selection of two parameters of Eps and Minpts, and the method for self-tuning the two parameters of Eps and Minpts comprises the following specific steps:
1) carrying out standardization processing on the data samples;
2) initializing, namely selecting acceptable proportion-noise of the noise data to be 5%, and enabling k to be 2;
3) calculating the geometric distance k-dis between each object in the data sample and the k-th nearest object thereof, and recording n object k-dis sets in the data set as Distk＝{k-dis1,k-dis2,…,k-disn}；
4) For DistkThe elements in the set are subjected to probability statistics, and m elements within the probability range of 5% -95% are selected to form a new set Dist according to the cumulative probability distribution resultk *To Distk *Is taken as the mathematical expected value of Epsk：
5) Eps of all objects in the datasetkThe number of points in the domain is set Pk＝{p1,p2,…,pnIs PkAccording to the accumulated probability distribution result, selecting one element in the probability range of 5% -95% to form a new set Pk *A 1 is to Pk *Reassigns the mathematical expectation value of (C) to Minptsk：
6) In MinptskAnd EpskClustering the data set, and calculating the noise data Ratio according to the clustering resultk；
7) If k is>2, and Ratio-noisekSatisfies the following conditions: i Ratio-noisek-1-Ratio-noisekI.e.. ltoreq. -noise, then Minpts. Minptsk，Eps＝EpskAnd ending; otherwise, let k be k +1, return to 3) to be executed again.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method has the advantages that the averaging processing is not needed, all working condition information of the unit can be reserved, the abnormal performance state of the unit is more sensitive, and the monitoring precision is higher.
2. In the data preprocessing step, the clustering method is adopted to deeply clean the unit operation data on the basis of conventional data screening, so that the effectiveness of a data sample is ensured.
3. Aiming at the characteristic that the operation rules of the wind turbine generator set are different in different wind speed intervals, the whole operation space of the wind turbine generator set is divided into a low wind speed section and a high wind speed section for monitoring respectively, and the boundary of the operation area of the two sections adopts different calculation methods, so that the monitoring precision is further improved.
4. The method has low requirement on the quality of the operation data, does not require the completeness of a time sequence, has small related calculated amount, does not need highly configured calculation resources, and can be easily applied to the field of a wind power plant to monitor the operation performance state of a unit on line and give an alarm for performance abnormality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an improved DBSCAN clustering algorithm based on a parameter self-tuning method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary data preprocessing effect of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of the division result of the low wind speed operation region according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary graph of the high wind speed segment operation region division result of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an exemplary illustration of the low efficiency area of a low wind speed section of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an exemplary plot of the area of the low efficiency region of a high wind speed segment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a probability distribution plot for the area of an inefficient region of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a data specific probability distribution diagram of a certain model of the invention for low efficiency region.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1, the method for monitoring the operation performance of a large wind turbine generator according to this embodiment includes 4 basic steps of obtaining and preprocessing operation data, dividing wind speed intervals, dividing operation areas of different wind speed segments, and determining operation states of different wind speed segments, where each step is described in detail as follows:
s1, operation data acquisition and preprocessing
Firstly, extracting 5 data channels including real-time wind speed, active power, generator rotating speed, unit running state zone bits and electricity limiting zone bits from a unit historical database according to an evaluation period, wherein the evaluation period is preferably 1-6 months. The data preprocessing comprises 2 links of conventional data screening and data deep cleaning.
The conventional data screening is used for sequentially screening original sample data according to the following conditions:
1) removing shutdown data and faulty operation data according to the unit operation state zone bit (the unit operation state zone bit is 1);
2) removing power-limiting data according to the power-limiting flag bit (the power-limiting flag bit is equal to 0);
3) and (4) eliminating data beyond a normal operation range according to the wind speed, the active power and the rotating speed of the generator (the lower limit of the wind speed is less than the upper limit of the wind speed, the lower limit of the active power is less than the upper limit of the active power, the lower limit of the rotating speed is less than the rotating speed of the generator and less than the upper limit of the rotating speed).
And (4) deeply cleaning data, performing cluster analysis on the data after conventional screening by adopting a DBSCAN algorithm with self-tuning parameters, and identifying and removing outlier data and edge burr data. Fig. 2 is a flow chart of an improved DBSCAN clustering algorithm based on a parameter self-tuning method, and shows a specific implementation process of clustering data samples after conventional screening.
The DBSCAN algorithm is a classic clustering algorithm based on density, the accuracy of the DBSCAN algorithm is related to the selection of two parameters of Eps and Minpts, the invention provides a self-tuning method of the two parameters of Eps and Minpts, as shown in figure 2, the specific steps are as follows:
1) carrying out standardization processing on the data samples;
2) initializing, namely selecting acceptable proportion-noise of the noise data to be 5%, and enabling k to be 2;
3) calculating the geometric distance k-dis between each object in the data sample and the k-th nearest object thereof, and recording n object k-dis sets in the data set as Distk＝{k-dis1,k-dis2,…,k-disn}。
4) For DistkThe elements in the list are subjected to probability statistics, and m elements within the range of 5% -95% of probability are selected to form a new set according to the cumulative probability distribution result
To be provided with
Is taken as the mathematical expected value of Epsk：
5) Eps of all objects in the datasetkThe number of points in the domain is set Pk＝{p1,p2,…,pnIs PkThe elements in the list are subjected to probability statistics, and according to the accumulated probability distribution result, the elements in the range of 5% -95% probability are selected to form a new set
Will be provided with
Reassigns the mathematical expectation value of (C) to Minptsk：
6) In MinptskAnd EpskClustering the data set, and calculating the noise data Ratio according to the clustering resultk。
7) If k is>2, and Ratio-noisekSatisfies the following conditions: i Ratio-noisek-1-Ratio-noisekI.e.. ltoreq. -noise, then Minpts. Minptsk，Eps＝EpskAnd ending; otherwise, let k be k +1, return to 3) to be executed again.
Fig. 3 is an exemplary diagram of data preprocessing effect, which shows the variation of scattered points of data after the original data is subjected to conventional data screening and deep data cleaning.
S2, dividing wind speed interval
Selecting a starting wind speed section of 4-6m/s as a low wind speed section, and selecting a wind speed section near a full wind speed of 8-12m/s as a high wind speed section.
S3, dividing operation areas of different wind speed sections
The running region boundary calculation divides the data bin according to the wind speed, and the bin interval is 0.5 m/s. The data bin interval boundaries of the low wind speed segments are [3.75, 4.25], [4.25, 4.75], …, [5.75, 6.25 ]. The data bin interval boundaries of the high wind speed section are [7.75, 8.25], [8.25, 8.75], …, [11.75, 12.25 ].
FIG. 4 is an exemplary graph of the division result of the low wind speed segment operation region, which shows the boundary position of the operation region of a certain 2MW unit in the 4-6m/s wind speed segment. The specific operation area boundary calculation method of the low wind speed section comprises the following steps:
edge_Lv＝median_Lv-W，v＝4，4.5，…6
W＝median_L4-(Q14-1.5IQR4)
IQR4＝Q34-Q14
wherein, Q34、Q14、median_L4Upper and lower quartile values and median, mean _ L, of data bin at wind speed 4m/s, respectivelyvThe median of the bin for wind speed v.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary graph of the division result of the high wind speed segment operation region, showing the boundary position of the operation region of a certain 2MW unit in the 8-12m/s wind speed segment. The specific operation area boundary calculation method of the high wind speed section comprises the following steps:
edge_Hv＝Q1v-1.5(Q3v-Q1v)，v＝8，8.5，…12
wherein, Q3v、Q1vRespectively the upper and lower quartile values of the data bin of the wind speed v.
S4, judging the running states of different wind speed sections
And comparing the area of the low-efficiency area with the data of the low-efficiency area to obtain the abnormal degree evaluation index of the running state of the unit.
Fig. 6 and 7 are calculation example diagrams of the low-efficiency area, which show the low-efficiency area of the low wind speed section and the high wind speed section of a certain 2MW unit. Firstly, respectively carrying out 0-1 normalization processing on the original data of a low wind speed section and a high wind speed section and the calculation result of the boundary of an operating area, wherein the calculation method of the area of the low-efficiency area comprises the following steps:
wherein, min _ Lv、min_HvIs the minimum value of the data bin for wind speed v.
The method for calculating the data occupation ratio of the low-efficiency area comprises the following steps:
r _ L is the data volume of the low-efficiency area of the low wind speed section/the total data volume of the low wind speed section multiplied by 100 percent
R _ H is the data volume of the low-efficiency area of the high wind speed section/the total data volume of the high wind speed section multiplied by 100 percent
And setting a threshold value according to the probability distribution condition of the two indexes of the same machine type, and considering that the running performance of the machine set is abnormal when the indexes exceed the threshold value.
Fig. 8 is a 2MW model low-efficiency region area probability distribution diagram, with a 95% fractional value as the low-efficiency region area threshold, in this example, the low-wind speed segment and the high-wind speed segment model low-efficiency region area thresholds are S _ L _ threshold of 0.022 and S _ H _ threshold of 0.058, respectively.
Fig. 9 is a 2MW model inefficiency data ratio probability distribution diagram, which uses a 95% quantile value as a inefficiency data ratio threshold, and the inefficiency data ratio thresholds of the models in the low wind speed segment and the high wind speed segment are respectively R _ L _ threshold 0.078 and R _ H _ threshold 0.116 in this example.
The unit running state judgment principle is as follows:
the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Although the terms clustering algorithm, wind speed interval, operating area, etc. are used more herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention; they are to be construed as being without limitation to any additional limitations that may be imposed by the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for monitoring the operation performance of a large-scale wind turbine generator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) running data acquisition and data preprocessing;
(2) dividing a wind speed interval;
(3) dividing an operation area;
(4) and (5) judging the performance abnormity.
2. The method for monitoring the running performance of the large-scale wind turbine generator set according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 of obtaining the running data comprises extracting data samples from a historical database of the large-scale wind turbine generator set according to an evaluation period, wherein the evaluation period is preferably 1-6 months, and a data channel comprises a real-time wind speed, an active power, a generator rotating speed, a pitch angle, a unit running state flag bit and a power limiting flag bit; the data preprocessing is specifically to carry out deep cleaning on outliers and edge points in a scatter diagram of the operating data by adopting a parameter self-tuning DBSCAN clustering algorithm on the basis of conventional data screening.
3. The method for monitoring the operation performance of the large-scale wind turbine generator according to claim 2, wherein the conventional data screening in the step 1 comprises the following steps: rejecting shutdown data and faulty operation data according to the unit operation state zone bit; rejecting power-limiting data according to the power-limiting zone bit; and eliminating data beyond the normal operation range according to the wind speed, the active power and the rotating speed of the generator.
4. The method for monitoring the operation performance of the large wind turbine generator set according to claim 1, wherein the wind speed interval in the step 2 is divided into a low wind speed section and a high wind speed section, the low wind speed section is a starting wind speed section of 4-6m/s, and the high wind speed section is a near full-wind speed section of 8-12 m/s.
5. The method for monitoring the operation performance of the large-scale wind turbine generator set according to claim 1, wherein the operation region division in the step 3 is based on the space distribution characteristics of scattered point data of wind speed-active power to calculate the boundaries of a normal region and an inefficient region.
6. The method for monitoring the operation performance of the large-scale wind turbine generator set according to claim 5, wherein the operation region boundary calculation firstly divides data bin according to wind speed, bin interval is 0.5m/s, and the specific calculation method comprises the following steps:
a low wind speed section:
edge_Lv＝median_Lv-W，v＝4，4.5，…6
W＝median_L4-(Q14-1.5IQR4)
IQR4＝Q34-Q14
wherein, Q34、Q14、median_L4Upper and lower quartile values and median, mean _ L, of data bin at wind speed 4m/s, respectivelyvThe median of the data bin with the wind speed v;
a high wind speed section:
edge_Hv＝Q1v-1.5(Q3v-Q1v)，v＝8，8.5，…12
wherein, Q3v、Q1vRespectively the upper and lower quartile values of the data bin of the wind speed v.
7. The method for monitoring the running performance of the large-scale wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the abnormal degree evaluation index of the running state of the large-scale wind turbine generator is calculated according to the data occupation ratio of the low-efficiency area and the low-efficiency area, a threshold value is set according to the probability distribution condition of the index of the quantity of the same machine type, and the running performance of the large-scale wind turbine generator is considered to be abnormal when the index exceeds the threshold value.
8. The method for monitoring the operation performance of the large wind turbine generator according to claim 7, wherein the calculation of the area of the low-efficiency area is performed by respectively performing 0-1 normalization on the original data of the low wind speed section and the high wind speed section and the calculation result of the boundary, and the calculation method of the area of the low-efficiency area is as follows:
wherein, min _ Lv、min_HvIs the minimum value of the data bin for wind speed v.
9. The method for monitoring the operation performance of the large-scale wind turbine generator set according to claim 2, wherein the accuracy of the DBSCAN algorithm is related to the selection of two parameters, namely Eps and Minpts, and a self-tuning method for the two parameters, namely Eps and Minpts, comprises the following specific steps:
1) carrying out standardization processing on the data samples;
2) initializing, namely selecting acceptable proportion-noise of the noise data to be 5%, and enabling k to be 2;
3) calculating the geometric distance k-dis between each object in the data sample and the k-th nearest object thereof, and recording n object k-dis sets in the data set as Distk＝{k-dis1,k-dis2,…,k-disn}；
4) For DistkThe elements in the set are subjected to probability statistics, and m elements within the probability range of 5% -95% are selected to form a new set Dist according to the cumulative probability distribution resultk *To Distk *Is taken as the mathematical expected value of Epsk：
5) Eps of all objects in the datasetkThe number of points in the domain is set Pk＝{p1,p2,…,pnIs PkAccording to the accumulated probability distribution result, selecting one element in the probability range of 5% -95% to form a new set Pk *A 1 is to Pk *Mathematics of (2)Reassigning the expected value to Minptsk：
6) In MinptskAnd EpskClustering the data set, and calculating the noise data Ratio according to the clustering resultk；
7) If k is>2, and Ratio-noisekSatisfies the following conditions: i Ratio-noisek-1-Ratio-noisekI.e.. ltoreq. -noise, then Minpts. Minptsk，Eps＝EpskAnd ending; otherwise, let k be k +1, return to 3) to be executed again.
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