CN112001639A - Adjustable capacity evaluation method for energy demand of comprehensive energy system and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an adjustability evaluation method for energy demand of a comprehensive energy system, which comprises the following steps: respectively establishing a cogeneration unit model and an energy storage device model; respectively establishing a renewable energy device model and an elastic load model; establishing a model of mutual influence of all devices in the comprehensive energy system; establishing an adjustability evaluation model of the comprehensive energy system; solving the built comprehensive energy system adjustability evaluation model established by adopting an analytical method or an optimization method, and determining the adjustability interval of the comprehensive energy system according to the solving result; evaluating an adjustable capacity interval; a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the above-described method. The invention can realize the time sequence dynamic recursive analysis of the adjustable capacity interval.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an evaluation method and a storage medium of an integrated energy system, in particular to an adjustability evaluation method and a storage medium of energy requirements of the integrated energy system.
Background
The comprehensive energy system is a physical carrier of an energy internet, comprises various energy sources such as electricity, gas, heat and cold, relates to multiple links of energy production, transmission, conversion, storage, consumption and the like, realizes complementary coupling among the various energy sources, has certain adjustability, and is specifically represented in that the external energy demand is not a fixed value of a single energy source in the traditional energy supply mode but an interval value of mutual influence of the various energy sources. With the maturity of energy storage technology, the wide utilization of renewable energy sources and the continuous development of terminal demand response, the adjustability of the comprehensive energy system is greatly improved. With the help of advanced Demand Response (DR) control strategies and measures, the integrated energy system can become more flexible in terms of energy demand. HVAC systems, virtual energy storage technology, and temperature regulation control technology in a building provide a certain adjustability of the integrated energy system. In the prior art, the energy requirements of the comprehensive energy system are mostly analyzed from the perspective of the comprehensive energy system, the fixed energy requirements under a certain specific strategy are calculated under a certain optimization algorithm, and the integral energy requirement intervals of the comprehensive energy system under all operation strategies cannot be analyzed from the perspective of an external energy supply system for calculation, so that the external energy supply system can reasonably select an excitation means of demand response and ensure safe and reliable operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides an adjustability evaluation method and a storage medium for energy requirements of a comprehensive energy system, and can realize time sequence dynamic recursive analysis of an adjustability interval.
According to the method for evaluating the adjustability of the energy requirement of the comprehensive energy system, the energy requirement model of each device in the comprehensive energy system is established, the adjustable range of each single influence factor in the adjustability interval is quantized, the model of mutual influence of each device in the comprehensive energy system is established, the model comprises a sequential relation model and a parallel relation model, the mechanism of the internal interaction of the influence factors is disclosed, and therefore the unified assessment model of the adjustability interval of the comprehensive energy system for the external energy requirement is established. On one hand, the evaluation method can know the real-time energy demand interval of the comprehensive energy system and the energy demand regulation capacity of the comprehensive energy system participating in response under certain excitation, and on the other hand, the evaluation method can reasonably regulate the self operation strategy by evaluating the self regulation capacity interval, so that high-efficiency, reliable and stable operation is realized.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention discloses an assessment method for adjustability of energy demand of a comprehensive energy system, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: respectively establishing a cogeneration unit model and an energy storage device model;
the second step is that: respectively establishing a renewable energy device model and an elastic load model;
the third step: establishing a model of mutual influence of all devices in the comprehensive energy system;
the fourth step: establishing an analysis method-based comprehensive energy system adjustability evaluation model or an optimization method-based comprehensive energy system adjustability evaluation model based on a combined heat and power generation unit model, an energy storage device model, a renewable energy device model, an elastic load model and a model of mutual influence of all devices;
the fifth step: solving the adjustability evaluation model of the comprehensive energy system, and determining an adjustability interval of the comprehensive energy system according to the solving result;
and a sixth step: and evaluating the adjustable capacity interval.
The model of the cogeneration unit in the first step refers to the upper and lower boundaries of the interval of the external energy demand of the CHP unit, and the formula is as follows:
Gin,max(t)＝min(Gin,A(t),(PCHP(t-1)+υCHP)/ηCHP) (1)
Gin,min(t)＝max(Gin,B(t),(PCHP(t-1)-υCHP)/ηCHP) (2)
in the formula, Gin,max(t)、Gin,min(t) respectively representing the maximum value and the minimum value of the external energy demand of the CHP unit at the time t; gin,AThe demand of the CHP unit for external natural gas is met when the heat and fixed power run; gin,BThe demand of the CHP unit for external natural gas during the operation of electric constant heat; pCHPFor CHP unitsOutput power of vCHPRepresenting the climbing speed of the CHP unit; etaCHPThe working efficiency of the CHP unit is represented;
the energy storage device model in the first step refers to the maximum energy storage and release of the energy storage device at the time t, and the state of the energy storage device is divided into three types according to the capacity of the energy storage device at the time t:
state I: the energy storage device is not limited by capacity, and the maximum energy storage and release capacity is as follows:
Si,max(t)＝Pc,i,max (3)
Di,max(t)＝Pd,i,max (4)
in the formula, Si,max(t)、Di,max(t) respectively representing the maximum energy storage and release at the moment t; pc,i,max、Pd,i,maxRespectively representing the maximum energy storage and release power;
and a state II: the capacity of the energy storage device approaches the rated capacity upper limit SOC of the energy storage device at the t-1 momenti,maxAt the moment t, the energy storage device can not store energy according to the maximum energy storage power and can only store energy according to the rest space of the energy storage device, so that the maximum energy storage is shown as a formula (5), and the maximum energy release is the same as that in the state I and is shown as a formula (4);
Si,max(t)＝SOCi,max-Si(t-1) (5)
in the formula, Si(t-1) represents the energy remaining in the energy storage device of energy source i at time t-1;
state iii: the capacity of the energy storage device at the t-1 moment approaches the lower limit SOC of the rated capacity of the energy storage devicei,minAt the moment t, the energy storage device can not discharge energy according to the maximum energy discharge power, and can only discharge energy according to the existing residual capacity of the energy storage device, so that the maximum energy discharge capacity is shown as a formula (6), and the maximum energy storage capacity is the same as that in the state I and is shown as a formula (3);
Di,max(t)＝Si(t-1) (6)
the renewable energy device model in the second step is a demand interval of the energy i of the comprehensive energy system after considering the output of the renewable energy, and the formula is as follows:
[Qi,min(t)-R(t)，Qi,max(t)] (7)
in the formula, Qi,min(t)、Qi,max(t) respectively representing the minimum value and the maximum value of the external energy demand before the renewable energy device is introduced into the comprehensive energy system at the time t, and R (t) representing the maximum value of the output of the renewable energy at the time t;
the elastic load model in the second step is the demand interval value Q of the energy i of the comprehensive energy system after considering the elastic loadi,inThe formula is as follows:
Qi,in＝Mi∪Ni (8)
in the formula, MiAnd NiRepresenting the demand intervals of energy i when the load demand is maximum and minimum, respectively.
The third step is that the concrete process of establishing the model of the mutual influence of the devices in the comprehensive energy system is as follows:
according to the connection mode of the input and output ports of each device, the mutual relation between the devices is divided into two types of sequential bearing relation and parallel relation;
the sequential relationship is: energy i is transmitted from the output port of the device U to the input port of another device V, and the maximum power of energy i flowing between the devices U, V is considered by the limit of the transmitted energy i between the two devices
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula,
for the maximum output power of the device U at time t,
the maximum input power of the device V at time t; the devices U and V refer to the first and second stepsThe equipment comprises any one of an energy storage device, a renewable energy device and a cogeneration unit;
the parallel relationship is as follows: one is that the output ports of the two devices are the same, and the other is that the input ports of the two devices are the same; under the two conditions, the balance relation of energy is considered, the two influence factors have complementary substitution characteristics, when the equipment U operates according to the maximum power, the equipment V should operate according to the minimum power, and vice versa, the following formula exists;
in the formula,
respectively representing the maximum power and the minimum power of the equipment V before the mutual influence of the two factors is considered;
respectively representing the maximum power and the minimum power of the equipment V after the mutual influence of the two factors is considered;
respectively, the output power of the device V when the device U outputs its minimum and maximum power.
The analytic method in the fourth step is specifically to establish a formula:
in the formula,
and
respectively representing the maximum value and the minimum value of the energy demand of an energy supply network of the superior energy i; z represents the number of devices in the integrated energy system, Z represents the Z-th device,
and
respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of a demand interval of energy i of equipment z, and when the demand interval is a CHP unit, the demand interval is represented by formulas (1) and (2); when the energy storage device is used, the formula is (3) -formula (6); when renewable energy, as in formula (7); when the elastic load is the elastic load, the formula (8) is shown; when a plurality of devices exist, the devices are as shown in the formulas (9) to (11).
The optimization method in the fourth step is specifically that,
establishing a comprehensive energy system adjustability evaluation model comprising an objective function and constraint conditions; wherein,
the objective function is:
min f＝Li+Xi+Si-Di-Yi (14)
max f＝Li+Xi+Si-Di-Yi (15)
in the formula, LiIs the pure load of the energy source i; xiEnergy quantity of energy i required for satisfying the rest of loads through the energy conversion device; siAnd DiEnergy storage and discharge of energy storage devices, Y, each being energy iiAn energy amount that is the energy i converted by the energy conversion device; f represents an objective function;
a) when the t +1 moment is recurred from the t moment, because the states of all elements at the t moment are fixed, the states of all elements at the t moment are taken as known boundary conditions and substituted into the constraint conditions at the t +1 moment, so that the operation strategy of the comprehensive energy system at the t +1 moment is constrained, and an adjustable capacity interval of the comprehensive energy system is formed;
the constraint conditions include:
energy balance constraint of a comprehensive energy system:
Ein(t)+Eg-e(t)+De(t)＝Le(t)+Ee-h(t)+Ee-c(t)+Se(t) (16)
Hg-h(t)+He-h(t)+Dh(t)＝Lh(t)+Hh-c(t)+Sh(t) (17)
Ce-c(t)+Ch-c(t)+Dc(t)＝Lc(t)+Sc(t) (18)
in the formula, Le、Lh、LcRespectively representing pure electric load, hot load and cold load; se、Sh、ScRespectively representing the energy storage of the electricity storage device, the heat storage device and the cold storage device; de、Dh、DcRespectively representing the energy of the electricity storage device, the heat storage device and the cold storage device; einThe electric energy is input from an external large power grid; eg-eThe electric energy generated by the triple co-generation unit; ee-h、Ee-cElectric energy required by electric heating equipment and electric cooling equipment respectively; hh-cThe amount of electricity required by the absorption refrigerator; he-hHeat energy generated for the electric heating equipment; ce-cCold energy generated for the electric refrigeration equipment; ch-cThe cold energy generated by the absorption refrigerator; hg-hRepresenting heat energy generated by the gas heating equipment;
and secondly, equipment operation constraint:
Pw,min<Pw(t)＜Pw,max (19)
|Pw(t+1)-Pw(t)|＜υw (20)
in the formula, Pw(t)、Pw(t +1) is the output power of the device w at times t and t +1, respectively, upsilonwIs the ramp rate of the device w; pw,min、Pw,maxRated minimum and maximum output power of the device w, respectively;
and thirdly, energy storage device constraint:
SOCi,min≤Si(t)+Si,max(t+1)≤SOCi,max
SOCi,min≤Si(t)-Di,max(t+1)≤SOCi,max (21)
αi c(t+1)+αi d(t+1)＝1,αi c(t+1),αi d(t+1)∈{0,1}
in the formula,
the energy storage state parameters and the energy release state parameters of the energy storage device at the moment t +1 respectively comprise 1 energy storage and 0 energy release; si,max(t+1)、Di,max(t +1) the upper energy limit which can be stored and released by the energy storage device of the energy source i at the moment of t + 1; si,min(t) and Si,max(t) the minimum value and the maximum value of the residual energy in the energy storage device at the moment t of the energy storage device respectively; SOCi,max、SOCi,minThe upper limit and the lower limit of the rated capacity of the energy storage device are respectively set;
fourthly, constraint of operation cost:
CObest≤CO≤COmax (23)
where CO is the operating cost, CObestFor minimum operating cost, CO, required for optimum economic operationmaxFor maximum permissible operating costs, λi(T) the unit price of the energy source i at time T, T representing the evaluation period, Qi,inRepresenting the input amount of energy source i; E. g, H, C respectively represent electricity, natural gas, heat, and cold;
b) when the unknown time t +1 is used for recursion of the time t + 2, because the state of each element at the time t +1 is not a fixed value but an interval value, as long as an operating state exists in the element state interval at the time t + 1, the output of the element at the time t +2 meets the constraint condition, wherein the energy balance constraint, the operating cost constraint and the condition a) of the comprehensive energy system are the same, and the equipment operating constraint and the energy storage device constraint are as follows:
firstly, restricting the operation of equipment:
② energy storage device restraint
In the formula,
the energy storage and release state parameters of the energy storage device at the time of t +2 are 1 for energy storage and 0 for energy release; si,max(t+2)、Di,max(t +2) the upper energy limit which can be stored and released by the energy storage device of the energy source i at the moment of t + 2; si,min(t +1) and Si,max(t +1) are the minimum and maximum values of the energy remaining in the energy storage device at time t + 1, respectively.
The fifth step is specifically as follows:
when the method is based on an analytic method, determining the information of the terminal load capacity, the equipment parameters, the evaluation period T and the electricity price of the comprehensive energy system, and solving the formulas (12) and (13);
when the optimization method is used, an NSGA-II algorithm is adopted, and the specific steps are as follows:
(5.1) inputting the information of the terminal load capacity, the equipment parameters, the evaluation period T and the electricity price of the comprehensive energy system;
(5.2)t＝1；
(5.3) random initialization starting population PopPerforming non-dominated sorting on the population, and initializing the rank value of each individual;
(5.4) starting from the initial population P by binary tournamentopSelecting individuals, and performing crossover and mutation operations to generate a new generation of population Qop；
(5.5) calculating an optimized target value of the new population;
(5.6) generating a combined population by combining the initial population and the new generation population;
(5.7) to RopNon-dominant sorting is carried out, and N is selected through a squeezing strategy and an elite reservation strategyopIndividual individuals, make up a new generation of population Pop；
(5.8) judging whether the precision requirement is met, if so, entering the step (5.9), and if not, adding one to the iteration number, and entering the step (5.4);
(5.9) retaining the result at the time t;
(5.10) judging whether the time exceeds the evaluation period T or not, if so, entering the step (5.11), and if not, adding one to the time and entering the step (5.10);
(5.11) outputting the result, and finishing;
the optimal result is solved to form a palietor front edge, and the upper boundary and the lower boundary form an adjustable capacity interval of the comprehensive energy system.
And a sixth step specifically, respectively obtaining the adjustable capacity intervals of the comprehensive energy system under different planning operation methods according to the first step to the fifth step, and performing interval comparison, so as to select a reasonable operation planning method of the comprehensive energy system.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme.
The computer-readable storage medium of the present invention includes instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 2-9.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for evaluating the adjustability of the energy requirement of the comprehensive energy system, the energy requirement model of each device in the comprehensive energy system is established, the adjustable range of each single influence factor in the adjustability interval is quantized, the model of mutual influence of each device in the comprehensive energy system is established, the model comprises a sequential relation model and a parallel relation model, the mechanism of the internal interaction of the influence factors is disclosed, and therefore the unified assessment model of the adjustability interval of the comprehensive energy system for the external energy requirement is established. On one hand, the evaluation method can know the real-time energy demand interval of the comprehensive energy system and the energy demand regulation capacity of the comprehensive energy system participating in response under certain excitation, and on the other hand, the evaluation method can reasonably regulate the self operation strategy by evaluating the self regulation capacity interval, so that high-efficiency, reliable and stable operation is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the interconnection of input and output ports between devices;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of device connections;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tunability interval;
FIG. 4 is a graphical illustration of the impact of economic constraints on tunability intervals;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a timing recursion lower tunability interval;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the recurrence of tunability intervals;
FIG. 7 is a tunability interval under economic constraints.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The invention provides an assessment method for the adjustability of energy demand of a comprehensive energy system, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: respectively establishing a cogeneration unit model and an energy storage device model
The combined heat and power generation unit (CHP) converts natural gas into electric energy and heat energy through a gas turbine and a heat recovery device, so that the energy requirements of electricity and heat are met, the combined heat and power generation unit has two working modes, electricity is determined by heat and heat is determined by electricity, the electric energy and the heat energy produced in the two working modes are different, and therefore the external energy requirements of the comprehensive energy system are adjusted by adjusting the working modes of the CHP unit. The cogeneration unit model refers to the upper and lower boundaries of the interval of the external energy demand of the CHP unit, and the relationship is as follows:
Gin,max(t)＝min(Gin,A(t),(PCHP(t-1)+υCHP)/ηCHP) (1)
Gin,min(t)＝max(Gin,B(t),(PCHP(t-1)-υCHP)/ηCHP) (2)
in the formula, Gin,max(t)、Gin,min(t) respectively representing the maximum value and the minimum value of the external energy demand of the CHP unit at the time t; gin,AThe demand of the CHP unit for external natural gas is met when the heat and fixed power run; gin,BThe demand of the CHP unit for external natural gas during the operation of electric constant heat; pCHPIs the output power of the CHP unit, upsilonCHPRepresenting the climbing speed of the CHP unit; etaCHPThe working efficiency of the CHP unit is shown.
The energy storage device realizes the transfer of the energy demand of the comprehensive energy system on the time level through charging and discharging. The energy storage device model refers to the maximum energy storage and release of the energy storage device at the time t, and the state of the energy storage device is divided into three types according to the capacity of the energy storage device at the time t:
state I: the energy storage device is not limited by capacity, and the maximum energy storage and release capacity is as follows:
Si,max(t)＝Pc,i,max (3)
Di,max(t)＝Pd,i,max (4)
in the formula, Si,max(t)、Di,max(t) respectively representing the maximum energy storage and release at the moment t; pc,i,max、Pd,i,maxRespectively representing the maximum energy storage and release power.
And a state II: the capacity of the energy storage device approaches the rated capacity upper limit SOC of the energy storage device at the t-1 momenti,maxAt the moment t, the energy storage device can not store energy according to the maximum energy storage power and can only store energy according to the rest space of the energy storage device, so that the maximum energy storage is shown as a formula (5), and the maximum energy release is the same as that in the state I and is shown as a formula (4);
Si,max(t)＝SOCi,max-Si(t-1) (5)
in the formula, Si(t-1) represents the energy remaining in the energy storage means of energy source i at time t-1.
State iii: at t-1 timeThe capacity of the energy storage device is close to the lower limit SOC of the rated capacity of the energy storage devicei,minAnd at the moment t, the energy storage device can not discharge energy according to the maximum energy discharge power, and can only discharge energy according to the existing residual capacity of the energy storage device, so that the maximum energy discharge capacity is as shown in a formula (6), and the maximum energy storage capacity is the same as that in the state I as shown in a formula (3).
Di,max(t)＝Si(t-1) (6)
The second step is that: respectively establishing a renewable energy device model and an elastic load model
The renewable energy device is generally a photovoltaic device, a fan and the like, the renewable energy device model refers to a demand interval of energy i of the comprehensive energy system after considering the output of the renewable energy, and the formula is as follows:
[Qi,min(t)-R(t)，Qi,max(t)] (7)
in the formula, Qi,min(t)、Qi,max(t) respectively represents the minimum value and the maximum value of the external energy demand before the renewable energy device is introduced into the comprehensive energy system at the time t, and R (t) represents the maximum value of the output of the renewable energy at the time t.
The elastic load refers to that the terminal load of the comprehensive energy system has certain regulation characteristic by participating in demand response, and the elastic load model refers to a demand interval value Q of the energy i of the comprehensive energy system after considering the elastic loadi,inThe formula is as follows:
Qi,in＝Mi∪Ni (8)
in the formula, MiAnd NiRepresenting the demand intervals of energy i when the load demand is maximum and minimum, respectively.
The third step: establishing a model of mutual influence of all devices in the comprehensive energy system
The complexity and thus the tunability of the complementary coupling between the energy sources of the integrated energy system will vary from one equipment configuration to another. The internal coupling relation among the devices makes the adjustable capacity interval for describing the comprehensive energy system more complex, and the mutual relation among the devices can be divided into two types of sequential bearing relation and parallel relation according to the connection mode of the input and output ports of each device; the following devices U and V refer to the devices mentioned in the first step and the second step, and can be energy storage devices, renewable energy devices and cogeneration units.
The sequential relationship is: energy i is transmitted from the output port of the device U to the input port of another device V, considering the transmission energy i limit between the two devices, i.e. the power and capacity limits of the output and input ports of each device, the maximum power of the energy i flowing between the devices U, V
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula,
for the maximum output power of the device U at time t,
the maximum input power of the device V at time t;
the parallel relationship is as follows: one is that the output ports of the two devices are the same, as shown in fig. 1 as i; the other type is that the input ports of both devices are identical, as shown at ii in fig. 1. In both cases, the energy balance is taken into account, i.e. the sum of the energies i is fixed and invariant, so that the two influencing factors have complementary alternative characteristics, when the device U operates at maximum power, the device V should operate at its minimum power, and vice versa.
In the formula,
respectively representing the maximum power and the minimum power of the equipment V before the mutual influence of the two factors is considered;
respectively representing the maximum power and the minimum power of the equipment V after the mutual influence of the two factors is considered;
respectively, the output power of the device V when the device U outputs its minimum and maximum power.
The fourth step: establishing comprehensive energy system adjustability evaluation model
The method comprises the steps of evaluating an adjustability interval of the comprehensive energy system, namely quantifying the fluctuation range of external energy demand of the comprehensive energy system, and establishing an analysis method-based adjustability evaluation model of the comprehensive energy system or an optimization method-based adjustability evaluation model of the comprehensive energy system based on a cogeneration unit model, an energy storage device model, a renewable energy device model, an elastic load model and a model of mutual influence of all devices according to the complexity of the comprehensive energy system. Establishing an adjustability evaluation model of the comprehensive energy system by the following two methods:
1) the analytical method analyzes each influence factor influencing the adjustability interval of the comprehensive energy system one by one, and evaluates the adjustability interval by utilizing an integrated superposition mode.
In the formula，
And
respectively representing the maximum value and the minimum value of the energy demand of an energy supply network of the superior energy i; z represents the number of devices in the integrated energy system, Z represents the Z-th device,
and
respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of a demand interval of energy i of equipment z, and when the demand interval is a CHP unit, the demand interval is represented by formulas (1) and (2); when the energy storage device is used, the formula is (3) -formula (6); when renewable energy, as in formula (7); when the elastic load is the elastic load, the formula (8) is shown; when a plurality of devices exist, the devices are as shown in the formulas (9) to (11).
2) In the optimization method, when the coupling relationship inside the comprehensive energy system is complex, the adjustability of the comprehensive energy system cannot be evaluated by a simple superposed analytical method, and an optimization algorithm needs to be used for evaluating an adjustability interval. Due to the internal connectivity of the adjustable capacity interval of the integrated energy system, the upper and lower boundaries of the adjustable capacity interval can be described, and the interval range formed by the upper and lower boundaries is the adjustable capacity interval.
The optimization target and the constraint conditions of the comprehensive energy system are different according to different equipment configurations, in general, the optimization target is the maximum/minimum external energy demand of the comprehensive energy system, the constraint conditions are the internal energy balance constraint, the power constraint, the climbing and capacity constraint and the economic constraint of the comprehensive energy system of each influence factor in the comprehensive energy system, the constraint conditions are different according to different scenes, and the corresponding constraint conditions are given when different typical scenes are analyzed.
The external energy demand of the integrated energy system can be one or more, when the external energy demand of the integrated energy system is one, the optimization problem is single-target optimization, and a heuristic algorithm or an intelligent algorithm can be adopted for solving.
When the external energy demand of the comprehensive energy system is more than one, the optimization problem is multi-objective optimization. In general, the external energy demand of the integrated energy system is electric energy and natural gas, so that two optimization objectives are taken as an example, and the solution is performed by using the NSGA-II algorithm.
The comprehensive energy system adjustability evaluation model comprises an objective function and constraint conditions; wherein,
the objective function is:
min f＝Li+Xi+Si-Di-Yi (14)
max f＝Li+Xi+Si-Di-Yi (15)
in the formula, LiIs the pure load of the energy source i; xiEnergy quantity of energy i required for satisfying the rest of loads through the energy conversion device; siAnd DiEnergy storage and discharge of energy storage devices, Y, each being energy iiAn energy amount that is the energy i converted by the energy conversion device; f denotes an objective function.
When the initial state of the comprehensive energy system is known, the sequential time is required to be recurred in the state, and the sequential recursion is divided into two cases, namely, the sequential time is recurred by a determined initial state, namely, t +1 time is recurred by t time with the initial state being a fixed value; the other is to recur the subsequent time from the uncertain initial state, namely recursion is carried out on the t +2 time on the basis of the t +1 time with the initial state as the interval value; through recursion of the two forms, the adjustable capacity interval of the comprehensive energy system in a period of time is finally obtained. When the optimization method is used for capacity-adjustable interval recursion, the optimization targets of recursion conditions in the two initial states are the same, and are the maximum value and the minimum value of external energy demand, and the difference lies in the difference of constraint conditions.
a) When the t +1 moment is recurred from the t moment, because the states of all elements at the t moment are fixed, the states of all elements at the t moment are taken as known boundary conditions and substituted into the constraint conditions at the t +1 moment, so that the operation strategy of the comprehensive energy system at the t +1 moment is constrained, and the adjustable capacity interval of the comprehensive energy system is formed.
The constraint conditions include:
energy balance constraint of a comprehensive energy system:
Ein(t)+Eg-e(t)+De(t)＝Le(t)+Ee-h(t)+Ee-c(t)+Se(t) (16)
Hg-h(t)+He-h(t)+Dh(t)＝Lh(t)+Hh-c(t)+Sh(t) (17)
Ce-c(t)+Ch-c(t)+Dc(t)＝Lc(t)+Sc(t) (18)
in the formula, Le、Lh、LcRespectively representing pure electric load, hot load and cold load; se、Sh、ScRespectively representing the energy storage of the electricity storage device, the heat storage device and the cold storage device; de、Dh、DcRespectively representing the energy of the electricity storage device, the heat storage device and the cold storage device; einThe electric energy is input from an external large power grid; eg-eThe electric energy generated by the triple co-generation unit; ee-h、Ee-cElectric energy required by electric heating equipment and electric cooling equipment respectively; hh-cThe amount of electricity required by the absorption refrigerator; he-hHeat energy generated for the electric heating equipment; ce-cCold energy generated for the electric refrigeration equipment; ch-cThe cold energy generated by the absorption refrigerator; hg-hRepresenting the heat energy generated by the gas-fired heating plant.
And secondly, equipment operation constraint:
Pw,min<Pw(t)＜Pw,max (19)
|Pw(t+1)-Pw(t)|＜υw (20)
in the formula, Pw(t)、Pw(t +1) is the output power of the device w at times t and t +1, respectively, upsilonwIs the ramp rate of the device w; pw,min、Pw,maxRespectively the nominal minimum and maximum output power of the device w.
And thirdly, energy storage device constraint:
in the formula,
the energy storage state parameters and the energy release state parameters of the energy storage device at the moment t +1 respectively comprise 1 energy storage and 0 energy release; si,max(t+1)、Di,max(t +1) the upper energy limit which can be stored and released by the energy storage device of the energy source i at the moment of t + 1; si,min(t) and Si,max(t) the minimum value and the maximum value of the residual energy in the energy storage device at the moment t of the energy storage device respectively; SOCi,max、SOCi,minRespectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the rated capacity of the energy storage device.
Fourthly, constraint of operation cost:
CObest≤CO≤COmax (23)
where CO is the operating cost, CObestFor minimum operating cost, CO, required for optimum economic operationmaxFor maximum permissible operating costs, λi(T) the unit price of the energy source i at time T, T representing the evaluation period, Qi,inRepresenting the input amount of energy source i; E. g, H, C for electricity, natural gas, heat and cold, respectively.
b) When the unknown time t +1 is used for recursion of the time t + 2, because the state of each element at the time t +1 is not a fixed value but an interval value, as long as an operating state exists in the element state interval at the time t + 1, the output of the element at the time t +2 meets the constraint condition, wherein the energy balance constraint, the operating cost constraint and the condition a) of the comprehensive energy system are the same, and the equipment operating constraint and the energy storage device constraint are as follows:
firstly, restricting the operation of equipment:
② energy storage device restraint
In the formula,
the energy storage and release state parameters of the energy storage device at the time of t +2 are 1 for energy storage and 0 for energy release; si,max(t+2)、Di,max(t +2) the upper energy limit which can be stored and released by the energy storage device of the energy source i at the moment of t + 2; si,min(t +1) and Si,max(t +1) are the minimum and maximum values of the energy remaining in the energy storage device at time t + 1, respectively.
The fifth step: and solving the built comprehensive energy system adjustability evaluation model established by adopting an analytical method or an optimization method, and determining the adjustability interval of the comprehensive energy system according to the solving result.
1) An analytical method: and determining the terminal load capacity, equipment parameters, an evaluation period T and the information of the electricity price of the comprehensive energy system, and solving the formulas (12) and (13).
2) Optimization method
The solving algorithm adopted by the invention is NSGA-II algorithm, and the time complexity of the non-dominated sorting of NSGA is O (MN)3) The sorting speed is very slow when the population size N is large, NSGA-II uses fast non-dominated sorting with elite strategy, and the time complexity is O (M (2N)2) The sorting speed is greatly improved. And an elite strategy is used, so that the found optimal solution cannot be abandoned, and the search performance is improved. NSGA, on the other hand, uses a shared function to make the solution distribution uniform, which depends on the sharingSelection of parameters and sharing of functions with complexity up to O (N)2). NSGA-II replaces the sharing parameters with the newly defined congestion distance. The algorithm comprises the following steps:
(5.1) inputting the information of the terminal load capacity, the equipment parameters, the evaluation period T and the electricity price of the comprehensive energy system;
(5.2)t＝1；
(5.3) random initialization starting population PopPerforming non-dominated sorting on the population, and initializing the rank value of each individual;
(5.4) starting from the initial population P by binary tournamentopSelecting individuals, and performing crossover and mutation operations to generate a new generation of population Qop；
(5.5) calculating an optimized target value of the new population;
(5.6) generating a combined population by combining the initial population and the new generation population;
(5.7) to RopNon-dominant sorting is carried out, and N is selected through a squeezing strategy and an elite reservation strategyopIndividual individuals, make up a new generation of population Pop；
(5.8) judging whether the precision requirement is met, if so, entering the step (5.9), and if not, adding one to the iteration number, and entering the step (5.4);
(5.9) retaining the result at the time t;
(5.10) judging whether the time exceeds the evaluation period T or not, if so, entering the step (5.11), and if not, adding one to the time and entering the step (5.10);
and (5.11) outputting the result and finishing.
The optimal result is solved to form a palietor front edge, and the upper and lower boundaries form an adjustable capacity interval of the integrated energy system, as shown in fig. 3. In fig. 3, the AB curve represents the palittor front edge when the optimization target is the maximum demand of the electric energy and the natural gas energy, and is the upper boundary of the adjustable capacity interval, the CD curve represents the palittor front edge when the optimization target is the minimum demand of the electric energy and the natural gas energy, and is the lower boundary of the adjustable capacity interval, and the region formed by the ABCD is the adjustable capacity interval, so that the adjustable interval at a single moment is one surface on the two-dimensional plane.
After the economy is considered, the energy storage device tends to discharge energy at the electricity price peak value and store energy at the electricity price valley value, so that the upper boundary of the electric energy demand moves downwards and the lower boundary of the natural gas demand moves upwards at the electricity price peak value; at the electricity price valley, the lower boundary of the electric energy demand moves upwards, the upper boundary of the natural gas demand moves downwards, and the adjustability interval at a single moment is reduced to a part of the original two-dimensional plane, as shown in fig. 4. As can be seen, the adjustability interval is reduced from the original plane ABCD to the current A 'B' C 'D' after the economic constraint is added. The adjustable capacity interval is expanded from a curved surface on a two-dimensional space at an individual moment to a body on a three-dimensional space, as shown in fig. 5.
And a sixth step: adjustable performance interval evaluation
The method for evaluating the adjustability interval of the comprehensive energy system can know the adjustability margin of the comprehensive energy system from the perspective of a superior energy supply network. And respectively obtaining adjustable capacity intervals under different planning operation methods of the comprehensive energy system according to the first step to the fifth step, and carrying out interval comparison, thereby selecting a reasonable operation planning method of the comprehensive energy system. The parameters of each device in the comprehensive energy system are shown in table 1, the typical electricity price is shown in table 2, the adjustability interval is recursively analyzed by using the adjustability interval evaluation method of the comprehensive energy system, as shown in fig. 6, and the adjustability interval under economic constraint is shown in fig. 7.
TABLE 1 parameters of various devices in the Integrated energy System
TABLE 2 typical daily electricity prices
The computer-readable storage medium of the present invention includes instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 2-9.
While the present invention has been described in terms of its functions and operations with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise functions and operations described above, and that the above-described embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for evaluating the adjustability of the energy demand of an integrated energy system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: respectively establishing a cogeneration unit model and an energy storage device model;
the second step is that: respectively establishing a renewable energy device model and an elastic load model;
the third step: establishing a model of mutual influence of all devices in the comprehensive energy system;
the fourth step: establishing an analysis method-based comprehensive energy system adjustability evaluation model or an optimization method-based comprehensive energy system adjustability evaluation model based on a combined heat and power generation unit model, an energy storage device model, a renewable energy device model, an elastic load model and a model of mutual influence of all devices;
the fifth step: solving the adjustability evaluation model of the comprehensive energy system, and determining an adjustability interval of the comprehensive energy system according to the solving result;
and a sixth step: and evaluating the adjustable capacity interval.
2. The method for assessing the tunability of the energy demand of the integrated energy system according to claim 1, wherein the model of the cogeneration unit in the first step is the upper and lower boundaries of the interval of the external energy demand of the CHP unit, and the formula is as follows:
Gin,max(t)＝min(Gin,A(t),(PCHP(t-1)+υCHP)/ηCHP) (1)
Gin,min(t)＝max(Gin,B(t),(PCHP(t-1)-υCHP)/ηCHP) (2)
in the formula, Gin,max(t)、Gin,min(t) respectively representing the maximum value and the minimum value of the external energy demand of the CHP unit at the time t; gin,AThe demand of the CHP unit for external natural gas is met when the heat and fixed power run; gin,BThe demand of the CHP unit for external natural gas during the operation of electric constant heat; pCHPIs the output power of the CHP unit, upsilonCHPRepresenting the climbing speed of the CHP unit; etaCHPThe working efficiency of the CHP unit is represented;
the energy storage device model in the first step refers to the maximum energy storage and release of the energy storage device at the time t, and the state of the energy storage device is divided into three types according to the capacity of the energy storage device at the time t:
state I: the energy storage device is not limited by capacity, and the maximum energy storage and release capacity is as follows:
Si,max(t)＝Pc,i,max (3)
Di,max(t)＝Pd,i,max (4)
in the formula, Si,max(t)、Di,max(t) respectively representing the maximum energy storage and release at the moment t; pc,i,max、Pd,i,maxRespectively representing the maximum energy storage and release power;
and a state II: the capacity of the energy storage device approaches the rated capacity upper limit SOC of the energy storage device at the t-1 momenti,maxAt the moment t, the energy storage device can not store energy according to the maximum energy storage power and can only store energy according to the rest space of the energy storage device, so that the maximum energy storage is shown as a formula (5), and the maximum energy release is the same as that in the state I and is shown as a formula (4);
Si,max(t)＝SOCi,max-Si(t-1) (5)
in the formula, Si(t-1) represents the energy remaining in the energy storage device of energy source i at time t-1;
state iii: the capacity of the energy storage device at the t-1 moment approaches the lower limit SOC of the rated capacity of the energy storage devicei,minAnd at the moment t, the energy storage device can not discharge energy according to the maximum energy discharge power and can only discharge energy according to the current energy storage deviceWhen the remaining capacity is discharged, the maximum discharge energy is shown as the formula (6), and the maximum stored energy is the same as the stored energy in the state I, as shown as the formula (3);
Di,max(t)＝Si(t-1) (6) 。
3. the method of claim 1, wherein the renewable energy device model in the second step is a demand interval of i energy of the integrated energy system after considering the output of renewable energy, and the formula is as follows:
[Qi,min(t)-R(t)，Qi,max(t)] (7)
in the formula, Qi,min(t)、Qi,max(t) respectively representing the minimum value and the maximum value of the external energy demand before the renewable energy device is introduced into the comprehensive energy system at the time t, and R (t) representing the maximum value of the output of the renewable energy at the time t;
the elastic load model in the second step is the demand interval value Q of the energy i of the comprehensive energy system after considering the elastic loadi,inThe formula is as follows:
Qi,in＝Mi∪Ni (8)
in the formula, MiAnd NiRepresenting the demand intervals of energy i when the load demand is maximum and minimum, respectively.
4. The method for tunability of energy demand of an integrated energy system according to claim 1, wherein the third step comprises the following steps:
according to the connection mode of the input and output ports of each device, the mutual relation between the devices is divided into two types of sequential bearing relation and parallel relation;
the sequential relationship is: energy i is transmitted from the output port of the device U to the input port of another device V, and the maximum power of energy i flowing between the devices U, V is considered by the limit of the transmitted energy i between the two devices
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula,
for the maximum output power of the device U at time t,
the maximum input power of the device V at time t; the devices U and V refer to the devices mentioned in the first step and the second step, and comprise any one of an energy storage device, a renewable energy device and a cogeneration unit;
the parallel relationship is as follows: one is that the output ports of the two devices are the same, and the other is that the input ports of the two devices are the same; under the two conditions, the balance relation of energy is considered, the two influence factors have complementary substitution characteristics, when the equipment U operates according to the maximum power, the equipment V should operate according to the minimum power, and vice versa, the following formula exists;
in the formula,
respectively representing the maximum power and the minimum power of the equipment V before the mutual influence of the two factors is considered;
respectively representing the maximum power and the minimum power of the equipment V after the mutual influence of the two factors is considered;
respectively, the output power of the device V when the device U outputs its minimum and maximum power.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fourth step of the analysis method is specifically to establish a formula:
in the formula,
and
respectively representing the maximum value and the minimum value of the energy demand of an energy supply network of the superior energy i; z represents the number of devices in the integrated energy system, Z represents the Z-th device,
and
respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of a demand interval of energy i of equipment z, and when the demand interval is a CHP unit, the demand interval is represented by formulas (1) and (2); when the energy storage device is used, the formula is (3) -formula (6); when renewable energy, as in formula (7); when the elastic load is the elastic load, the formula (8) is shown; when a plurality of devices exist, the devices are as shown in the formulas (9) to (11).
6. The method of tunability of energy demand of an integrated energy system according to claim 1, wherein the optimization method in the fourth step is specifically,
establishing a comprehensive energy system adjustability evaluation model comprising an objective function and constraint conditions; wherein,
the objective function is:
minf＝Li+Xi+Si-Di-Yi (14)
maxf＝Li+Xi+Si-Di-Yi (15)
in the formula, LiIs the pure load of the energy source i; xiEnergy quantity of energy i required for satisfying the rest of loads through the energy conversion device; siAnd DiEnergy storage and discharge of energy storage devices, Y, each being energy iiAn energy amount that is the energy i converted by the energy conversion device; f represents an objective function;
a) when the t +1 moment is recurred from the t moment, because the states of all elements at the t moment are fixed, the states of all elements at the t moment are taken as known boundary conditions and substituted into the constraint conditions at the t +1 moment, so that the operation strategy of the comprehensive energy system at the t +1 moment is constrained, and an adjustable capacity interval of the comprehensive energy system is formed;
the constraint conditions include:
energy balance constraint of a comprehensive energy system:
Ein(t)+Eg-e(t)+De(t)＝Le(t)+Ee-h(t)+Ee-c(t)+Se(t) (16)
Hg-h(t)+He-h(t)+Dh(t)＝Lh(t)+Hh-c(t)+Sh(t) (17)
Ce-c(t)+Ch-c(t)+Dc(t)＝Lc(t)+Sc(t) (18)
in the formula, Le、Lh、LcRespectively representing pure electric load, hot load and cold load; se、Sh、ScRespectively representing the energy storage of the electricity storage device, the heat storage device and the cold storage device; de、Dh、DcRespectively representing the energy of the electricity storage device, the heat storage device and the cold storage device; einThe electric energy is input from an external large power grid; eg-eThe electric energy generated by the triple co-generation unit; ee-h、Ee-cElectric energy required by electric heating equipment and electric cooling equipment respectively; hh-cThe amount of electricity required by the absorption refrigerator; he-hHeat energy generated for the electric heating equipment; ce-cCold energy generated for the electric refrigeration equipment; ch-cThe cold energy generated by the absorption refrigerator; hg-hRepresenting heat energy generated by the gas heating equipment;
and secondly, equipment operation constraint:
Pw,min<Pw(t)＜Pw,max (19)
|Pw(t+1)-Pw(t)|＜υw (20)
in the formula, Pw(t)、Pw(t +1) is the output power of the device w at times t and t +1, respectively, upsilonwIs the ramp rate of the device w; pw，min、Pw，maxRated minimum and maximum output power of the device w, respectively;
and thirdly, energy storage device constraint:
SOCi,min≤Si(t)+Si,max(t+1)≤SOCi,max
SOCi,min≤Si(t)-Di,max(t+1)≤SOCi,max (21)
αi c(t+1)+αi d(t+1)＝1,αi c(t+1),αi d(t+1)∈{0,1}
in the formula,
the energy storage state parameters and the energy release state parameters of the energy storage device at the moment t +1 respectively comprise 1 energy storage and 0 energy release; si，max(t+1)、Di，max(t +1) the upper energy limit which can be stored and released by the energy storage device of the energy source i at the moment of t + 1; si,min(t) and Si,max(t) the minimum value and the maximum value of the residual energy in the energy storage device at the moment t of the energy storage device respectively; SOCi，max、SOCi，minThe upper limit and the lower limit of the rated capacity of the energy storage device are respectively set;
fourthly, constraint of operation cost:
CObest≤CO≤COmax (23)
where CO is the operating cost, CObestFor minimum operating cost, CO, required for optimum economic operationmaxFor maximum permissible operating costs, λi(T) the unit price of the energy source i at time T, T representing the evaluation period, Qi,inRepresenting the input amount of energy source i; E. g, H, C respectively represent electricity, natural gas, heat, and cold;
b) when the unknown time t +1 is used for recursion of the time t +2, because the state of each element at the time t +1 is not a fixed value but an interval value, as long as an operating state exists in the element state interval at the time t +1, the output of the element at the time t +2 meets the constraint condition, wherein the energy balance constraint, the operating cost constraint and the condition a) of the comprehensive energy system are the same, and the equipment operating constraint and the energy storage device constraint are as follows:
firstly, restricting the operation of equipment:
② energy storage device restraint
In the formula,
the energy storage and release state parameters of the energy storage device at the time of t +2 are 1 for energy storage and 0 for energy release; si，max(t+2)、Di，max(t +2) the upper energy limit which can be stored and released by the energy storage device of the energy source i at the moment of t + 2; si,min(t +1) and Si,max(t +1) are the minimum and maximum values of the energy remaining in the energy storage device at time t +1, respectively.
7. The method for tunability of energy demand of an integrated energy system according to claim 1, wherein the fifth step is specifically:
when the method is based on an analytic method, determining the information of the terminal load capacity, the equipment parameters, the evaluation period T and the electricity price of the comprehensive energy system, and solving the formulas (12) and (13);
when the optimization method is used, an NSGA-II algorithm is adopted, and the specific steps are as follows:
(5.1) inputting the information of the terminal load capacity, the equipment parameters, the evaluation period T and the electricity price of the comprehensive energy system;
(5.2)t＝1；
(5.3) random initialization starting population PopPerforming non-dominated sorting on the population, and initializing the rank value of each individual;
(5.4) starting from the initial population P by binary tournamentopSelecting individuals, and performing crossover and mutation operations to generate a new generation of population Qop；
(5.5) calculating an optimized target value of the new population;
(5.6) generating a combined population by combining the initial population and the new generation population;
(5.7) to RopNon-dominant sorting is carried out, and N is selected through a squeezing strategy and an elite reservation strategyopIndividual individuals, make up a new generation of population Pop；
(5.8) judging whether the precision requirement is met, if so, entering the step (5.9), and if not, adding one to the iteration number, and entering the step (5.4);
(5.9) retaining the result at the time t;
(5.10) judging whether the time exceeds the evaluation period T or not, if so, entering the step (5.11), and if not, adding one to the time and entering the step (5.10);
(5.11) outputting the result, and finishing;
the optimal result is solved to form a palietor front edge, and the upper boundary and the lower boundary form an adjustable capacity interval of the comprehensive energy system.
8. The method for assessing the adjustability of the energy demand of the integrated energy system according to claim 1, wherein the sixth step is to find the adjustability intervals of the integrated energy system under different planned operation methods according to the first step to the fifth step, and perform interval comparison, thereby selecting a reasonable operation planning method for the integrated energy system.
9. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any of claims 2-9.
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