CN111990196B - 一种甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法 - Google Patents
一种甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111990196B CN111990196B CN202010778889.1A CN202010778889A CN111990196B CN 111990196 B CN111990196 B CN 111990196B CN 202010778889 A CN202010778889 A CN 202010778889A CN 111990196 B CN111990196 B CN 111990196B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,属于甘蔗栽培技术领域,在种植甘蔗前,采用本发明提供的包根基质对假植苗根部进行包裹,在甘蔗开行时,甘蔗种茎种植规则是:每间隔一定的间距垂直于原甘蔗行的方向进行开行,使种植甘蔗的地块形被水平行和垂直行分割成网格状。该方法提高甘蔗假植过程中的成活率和抗旱性,并抑制微生物的生长繁殖,成本低廉,操作简单;还可提高甘蔗种茎单位面积的下种数量,提高产量,并通过垂直行使甘蔗地块形成小区域,在一定程度上提高甘蔗的抗倒伏能力,不用额外搭架或支撑,操作简单,易于推广实施。
Description
技术领域
发明属于甘蔗栽培技术领域,具体是一种甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法。
背景技术
甘蔗为多年生禾本科甘蔗属,主要种植在广西、云南等区域,是我国制作食糖的主要原料来源。在甘蔗种植过程中,通过在一个地块内挖多条呈水平状的沟内放置甘蔗种茎进行种植。甘蔗种植后如遇到干旱,可造成不出苗或苗死亡的现象,且甘蔗种茎的切口易受到病害的影响。当在甘蔗伸长期,一年中的7月到11月时,也是南部地区的主要降雨季节,常常出现风雨的现象,甚至部分区域会受台风的影响。在暴雨和风的作用下,土壤松软,甘蔗尾部和茎受风的影响往往会出现连片倒伏的现象,导致产量的下降,更不利于甘蔗收割。
公布号为CN105340551B的中国发明专利公开了甘蔗相向倾斜抗倒伏种植方法,当甘蔗株高达到1~1.5米时实施相向倾斜,利用甘蔗形成相向倾斜,相互之间形成支撑,增强了甘蔗的抗风能力。但种植中期,需要大量人工倾斜甘蔗苗,且操作时一旦力量控制不当,容易折断,造成不必要的损失。因此,有必要研究一种提高甘蔗抗倒伏能力的方法,以节省人力、提高产量,满足甘蔗种植户的需求。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,该方法操作简单,不用搭设架子或拉绳索等方式固定甘蔗,无额外成本,在一定程度上可提高甘蔗的总体产量。
为此,本发明提供的方案是:
一种甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)清洗植株:将甘蔗种茎放入清水中进行清洗,将附着在植株上的杂质清洗干净备用;
(2)育苗:用包根基质将甘蔗种茎包裹住,放入育苗床或育苗穴盘中淋定根水,即可得到甘蔗种苗;
(3)犁地耙地:对准备种植甘蔗的地块实行三犁三耙,清除地块中石块、垃圾、杂草,减少病虫来源;
(4)开行:沿同一方向开设相互平行的水平行,再沿所述水平行的垂直方向开设垂直行;
(5)施基肥:在开好的水平行、垂直行内撒上氮磷钾复合肥750~1500kg/hm2、有机肥0~3750kg/hm2;
(6)摆放蔗种:在行间的按单行或双行放置甘蔗种苗,用土壤将甘蔗种苗、肥料覆盖,并盖上地膜;
(7)进行如下田间管理直至采收:
A、除草:对甘蔗行间的杂草进行清除;
B、追肥:待甘蔗分蘖后期和伸长前期,使用氮磷钾复合肥375~1500kg/hm2进行追肥;
C、培土:将甘蔗行中间的土壤培到甘蔗基部,稳固甘蔗基部。
进一步地,在步骤(2)中,所述包根基质包裹甘蔗种茎的包裹厚度为8~15mm。
进一步地,在步骤(2)中,所述包根基质包括如下重量份的原料:1~2份保水剂、10~15份泥炭土、0~6份沙子、0~6份壤土、0~4份蛭石、1~7份椰糠、0~4份珍珠岩、2~4份生根剂、2~4份抗菌剂。
进一步地,所述包根基质包括如下重量份的原料:1~2份保水剂、10~15份泥炭土、2~4份沙子、2~5份壤土、1~3份蛭石、4~6份椰糠、1~3份珍珠岩、2~3份生根剂、2~3份抗菌剂;所述保水剂为聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉混合组成。
进一步地,所述保水剂为聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉按照10~20:2~6:1的质量比混合组成;所述保水剂是将聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉均匀混合中,直接倒入清水搅拌至浓度为8~20g/L即可。
进一步地,所述生根剂为500~1500倍的吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸任一种或任意组合使用。
进一步地,所述生根剂为组合使用时,吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的质量比为1~5:1~3:1。
进一步地,所述抗菌剂为广谱杀菌剂500~1500倍液。
进一步地,所述抗菌剂为广谱杀菌剂、石榴皮醇提物、井冈霉素和甲羟翁按照1~2:3~5:1~2:1质量比的组合稀释500~1500倍后使用。
本发明中所采用的广谱杀菌剂为甲基托布津、多菌灵、百菌清、嘧菌酯和咯菌腈中的一种或一种以上组合。
作为方案的进一步地优选,所述抗菌剂为多菌灵、石榴皮醇提物、井冈霉素、甲羟翁按照质量比1~2:3~5:1~2:1的组合稀释500~1500倍后使用。
作为方案的进一步地优选,所述广谱杀菌剂为组合使用时,甲基托布津、多菌灵、嘧菌酯的质量比为1~4:2~3:1。
进一步地,所述包根基质的制作方法是将所述保水剂搅拌均匀至浓稠的胶状,再依次加入生根剂、抗菌剂和剩余组分,搅拌均匀后即得到包根基质。
进一步地,在步骤(4)中,所述水平行间距为0.9~1.2m、深度为0.3~0.5m;所述垂直行间距为5~20米、深度与水平行深度保持一致。
进一步地,在步骤(4)中,每一所述垂直行包含单行或多行;当每一垂直行包含多行时,所述多行的行间距为50cm~120cm。所述水平行、垂直行使种植甘蔗地块划分成多个小地块。通过垂直行使整块甘蔗地形成纵横交错的小网格状。通过在垂直行上种植甘蔗,使整个地块内的甘蔗相互支撑,提高抗倒伏能力,并通过形成网格使倒伏甘蔗控制在一定区域内,避免甘蔗倒伏形成“多米诺效应”。
本发明所述石榴皮醇提物是:将石榴皮粉碎后放入其质量10-12倍的75%乙醇溶液中回流提取2-5h,将得到回流液除去乙醇后,减压浓缩即可。
本发明所用保水剂、泥炭土、沙子、壤土、蛭石、椰糠、珍珠岩、生根剂、抗菌剂、氮磷钾复合肥均购自国内外农业原料公司,可直接使用。所述氮磷钾复合肥中的氮、磷、钾比例为15~20:10~15:15。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明在原有水平行的种植模式下加入少量的垂直行,使地块能放置更多的甘蔗种茎,提高了可砍收的有效茎,直接使得单位面积上的产量有了一定程度的提高。
2.本发明通过垂直行上的甘蔗,使甘蔗生长后期形成纵横交错状,且纵行保持一定的间距,便于甘蔗行内通风,在保障充足光照的同时,不影响原水平行中甘蔗生长。
3.本发明中当甘蔗地块遇到风雨时,由于网格交错使整个甘蔗地块形成一个整地,无论风从甘蔗地块的哪个方向吹来,均比常规方法具有更强的抗风能力。
4.本发明中当风雨较大时,由于垂直行的甘蔗把整个地块的甘蔗划分为多个小网格,即使部分网格的甘蔗被风吹倒,仍能保持部分网格内的甘蔗不被倒伏的甘蔗压倒,使倒伏的甘蔗控制在一定的区域内,避免形成“多米诺效应”。
5.本发明使用的包根基质是由保水剂、泥炭土、沙子、壤土、蛭石、椰糠、珍珠岩、生根剂、抗菌剂组成,用于包裹甘蔗种茎进行育苗。所述保水剂是聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉混合组成,能够提高甘蔗种茎的抗逆性和抗旱性,加入的泥炭土、沙子、壤土、蛭石、椰糠、珍珠岩能提供甘蔗种茎良好的生长环境,抑制有害微生物侵染,泥炭土、壤土、椰糠还能提供多类大、中、微量营养元素和有机营养物质的供应,改善甘蔗种茎附近的土壤环境和菌落结构,加入生根剂能进一步增强诱导生根,进而有效提高甘蔗种茎的萌芽率和成茎率。
6.本发明使用的抗菌剂包含甲基托布津、多菌灵、百菌清、嘧菌酯、咯菌腈、石榴皮醇提物、井冈霉素、甲羟翁任一种或任意组合使用。加入抗菌剂能进一步增强对甘蔗螟虫的防控,灭除杂菌,提高种茎的成活率。本发明还具体限定了组合多菌灵、石榴皮醇提物、井冈霉素、甲羟翁,其中石榴皮醇提物含有石榴碱和鞣花酸,对多种杂菌有良好的消除效果,井冈霉素具有较强的内吸性,易被菌体细胞吸收并在其内迅速传导,干扰和抑制菌体细胞生长和发育,甲羟翁能通过细胞壁进入菌体内部,与多菌灵、石榴皮醇提物、井冈霉素联合使用,可抑制微生物活性,实现高效灭菌。
附图说明
图1为常规甘蔗种植方式的开行和甘蔗生长示意图。
图2位本发明甘蔗种植方式的开行和甘蔗生长示意图。
图3为常规甘蔗种植方式受风雨影响倒伏示意图。
图4为本发明甘蔗种植方式受风雨影响倒伏示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但不作为是对本发明的限制。
一、制备包根基质
实施例1
所述包根基质包括如下重量份的原料:1份保水剂、10份泥炭土、6份沙子、1份椰糠、4份珍珠岩、2份生根剂、4份抗菌剂;其中,
所述保水剂为聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉按照10:6:1的质量比混合组成;所述保水剂是将聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉均匀混合中,直接倒入清水搅拌至浓度为8g/L即可;所述生根剂为500倍的吲哚乙酸;所述抗菌剂为500倍的多菌灵;
所述包根基质的制作方法是将所述保水剂搅拌均匀至浓稠的胶状,再依次加入生根剂、抗菌剂和剩余组分,搅拌均匀后即得到包根基质。
实施例2
所述包根基质包括如下重量份的原料:2份保水剂、15份泥炭土、6份壤土、4份蛭石、7份椰糠、4份生根剂、2份抗菌剂;其中,
所述保水剂为聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉按照20:2:1的质量比混合组成;所述保水剂是将聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉均匀混合中,直接倒入清水搅拌至浓度为20g/L即可;所述生根剂为1500倍的吲哚丁酸;所述抗菌剂为1500倍的嘧菌酯;
所述包根基质的制作方法是将所述保水剂搅拌均匀至浓稠的胶状,再依次加入生根剂、抗菌剂和剩余组分,搅拌均匀后即得到包根基质。
实施例3
所述包根基质包括如下重量份的原料:1.2份保水剂、14份泥炭土、2份沙子、5份壤土、1份蛭石、4份椰糠、1份珍珠岩、2份生根剂、3份抗菌剂;其中,
所述保水剂为聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉按照12:5:1的质量比混合组成;所述保水剂是将聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉均匀混合中,直接倒入清水搅拌至浓度为10g/L即可;
所述生根剂为1000倍的吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的组合物;吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的质量比为5:1:1;
所述抗菌剂为多菌灵、石榴皮醇提物、井冈霉素、甲羟翁的组合稀释1500倍后使用;多菌灵、石榴皮醇提物、井冈霉素、甲羟翁的质量比为1:5:1:1;
所述包根基质的制作方法是将所述保水剂搅拌均匀至浓稠的胶状,再依次加入生根剂、抗菌剂和剩余组分,搅拌均匀后即得到包根基质。
实施例4
所述包根基质包括如下重量份的原料:1.5份保水剂、12份泥炭土、4份沙子、2份壤土、3份蛭石、6份椰糠、3份珍珠岩、3份生根剂、2份抗菌剂;其中,
所述保水剂为聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉按照18:3:1的质量比混合组成;所述保水剂是将聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉均匀混合中,直接倒入清水搅拌至浓度为12g/L即可;
所述生根剂为1200倍的吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的组合物;吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的质量比为1:3:1;
所述抗菌剂为多菌灵、石榴皮醇提物、井冈霉素、甲羟翁的组合稀释1000倍后使用;多菌灵、石榴皮醇提物、井冈霉素、甲羟翁的组合物的质量比为2:3:2:1;
所述包根基质的制作方法是将所述保水剂搅拌均匀至浓稠的胶状,再依次加入生根剂、抗菌剂和剩余组分,搅拌均匀后即得到包根基质。
实施例5
所述包根基质包括如下重量份的原料:1.6份保水剂、13份泥炭土、3份沙子、4份壤土、2份蛭石、5份椰糠、2份珍珠岩、2.5份生根剂、2.5份抗菌剂;其中,
所述保水剂为聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉按照17:4:1的质量比混合组成;所述保水剂是将聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉均匀混合中,直接倒入清水搅拌至浓度为18g/L即可;
所述生根剂为1300倍的吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的组合物;吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的质量比为3:2:1;
所述抗菌剂为多菌灵、石榴皮醇提物、井冈霉素、甲羟翁的组合稀释500倍后使用;多菌灵、石榴皮醇提物、井冈霉素、甲羟翁的组合物的质量比为1.5:4:1.5:1;
所述包根基质的制作方法是将所述保水剂搅拌均匀至浓稠的胶状,再依次加入生根剂、抗菌剂和剩余组分,搅拌均匀后即得到包根基质。
二、栽培甘蔗
为简要说明,实施例6-8区别如下表1:
表1实施例区别表
实施例6
一种甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)清洗植株:将带有甘蔗种茎放入清水中进行清洗,将附着在植株上的杂质清洗干净备用;
(2)育苗:用实施例3的包根基质将甘蔗种茎包裹至厚度为8mm,放入育苗床中淋定根水,即可得到甘蔗种苗;
(3)犁地耙地:对准备种植甘蔗的地块实行三犁三耙,清除地块中石块、垃圾、杂草,减少病虫来源;
(4)开行:沿同一方向开设相互平行的水平行,再沿所述水平行的垂直方向进行开设垂直行;所述水平行间距为0.9m、深度为0.3m;所述垂直行为单行,间距为7米,深度与水平行深度保持一致;
(5)施基肥:在开好的水平行、垂直行内撒上15-15-15氮磷钾复合肥750kg/hm2、有机肥3750kg/hm2;
(6)摆放蔗种:在行间按双行品字形放置甘蔗种苗,用土壤将甘蔗种苗、肥料均覆盖,并盖上地膜;
(7)进行如下田间管理直至采收:
A、除草:对甘蔗行间的杂草进行清除;
B、追肥:待甘蔗分蘖后期和伸长前期,使用氮磷钾复合肥375kg/hm2进行追肥;
C、培土:将甘蔗行中间的土壤培到甘蔗基部,稳固甘蔗基部。
实施例7
一种甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)清洗植株:将带有甘蔗种茎放入清水中进行清洗,将附着在植株上的杂质清洗干净备用;
(2)育苗:用实施例4的包根基质将甘蔗种茎包裹至厚度为15mm,放入育苗床中淋定根水,即可得到甘蔗种苗;
(3)犁地耙地:对准备种植甘蔗的地块实行三犁三耙,清除地块中石块、垃圾、杂草,减少病虫来源;
(4)开行:沿同一方向开设相互平行的水平行,再沿所述水平行的垂直方向进行开设垂直行;所述水平行间距为1m、深度为0.4m;所述垂直行为双行,其双行的行间距为1m,每两个双行的间距为10m,深度与水平行深度保持一致;开行种植方式如图2所示;
(5)施基肥:在开好的水平行、垂直行内撒上20-10-15氮磷钾复合肥500kg/hm2;
(6)摆放蔗种:在行间按双行品字形放置甘蔗种苗,用土壤将甘蔗种苗、肥料均覆盖,并盖上地膜;
(7)进行如下田间管理直至采收:
A、除草:对甘蔗行间的杂草进行清除;
B、追肥:待甘蔗分蘖后期和伸长前期,使用氮磷钾复合肥1500kg/hm2进行追肥;
C、培土:将甘蔗行中间的土壤培到甘蔗基部,稳固甘蔗基部。
实施例8
一种甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)清洗植株:将带有甘蔗种茎放入清水中进行清洗,将附着在植株上的杂质清洗干净备用;
(2)育苗:用实施例5的包根基质将甘蔗种茎包裹至厚度为10mm,放入育苗穴盘中淋定根水,即可得到甘蔗种苗;
(3)犁地耙地:对准备种植甘蔗的地块实行三犁三耙,清除地块中石块、垃圾、杂草,减少病虫来源;
(4)开行:沿同一方向开设相互平行的水平行,再沿所述水平行的垂直方向进行开设垂直行;所述水平行间距为1.2m、深度为0.5m;所述垂直行为三行,其三行中每行的行间距为1.1m,每组三行的间距为12m,深度与水平行深度保持一致;
(5)施基肥:在开好的水平行、垂直行内撒上20-10-15氮磷钾复合肥1000kg/hm2、有机肥550kg/hm2;
(6)摆放蔗种:在行间按单行品字形放置甘蔗种苗,用土壤将甘蔗种苗、肥料均覆盖,并盖上地膜;
(7)进行如下田间管理直至采收:
A、除草:对甘蔗行间的杂草进行清除;
B、追肥:待甘蔗分蘖后期和伸长前期,使用氮磷钾复合肥800kg/hm2进行追肥;
C、培土:将甘蔗行中间的土壤培到甘蔗基部,稳固甘蔗基部。
对比例1:与实施例7的区别在于,不设置所述垂直行。如图1所示。
对比例2:与实施例7的区别在于,不包含包根基质。
三、将实施例6-8与对比例1-2进行种植验证,验证结果见表2。
表2验证结果
甘蔗种茎成活率(%) | 亩产量(吨) | 倒伏率(%) | 糖分(%) | |
实施例6 | 82 | 7.2 | 23 | 14.9 |
实施例7 | 88 | 7.6 | 22 | 15.1 |
实施例8 | 84 | 7.5 | 26 | 14.6 |
对比例1 | 80 | 6.9 | 62 | 13.1 |
对比例2 | 69 | 6.4 | 31 | 13.8 |
由表2数据可见,实施例6-8的甘蔗种茎的成活率远远高于对比例2,说明采用本发明的包根方法,能够提高甘蔗种茎的成活率;实施例6-8的倒伏率远低于对比例1、2,其中对比例1的倒伏率高达62%,说明采用本发明的栽培形式,大大降低了倒伏率,且本发明的栽培方法结合了包根基质育苗,能提高甘蔗有效茎的密度,进一步降低倒伏率。甘蔗倒伏后叶片受挤压和遮蔽,影响光合作用,同时甘蔗倒伏往往导致蔗尾折断或茎顶芽受损,致使侧芽萌发,大量消耗甘蔗茎内的养分,造成甘蔗茎糖分的下降。从对比例1中可知不设置垂直行时甘蔗出现倒伏现象,导致甘蔗糖分的下降,降低了甘蔗的出糖率。
对比例1种植时如图1所示,经过风雨后的种植情况如图3所示。通过观察对比例1种植前后的示意图可见,其倒伏率较高,严重影响了甘蔗的正常种植和收获。
实施例7种植时如图2所示,经过风雨后的种植情况如图4所示。通过观察实施例7种植前后的示意图可见,由于垂直行的甘蔗把整个地块的甘蔗划分为多个小网格,即使部分网格的甘蔗被风吹倒,仍能保持部分网格内的甘蔗不被倒伏的甘蔗压倒,使倒伏的甘蔗控制在一定的区域内,避免形成“多米诺效应”。
实施例9
所述包根基质包括如下重量份的原料:1.2份保水剂、14份泥炭土、2份沙子、5份壤土、1份蛭石、4份椰糠、1份珍珠岩、2份生根剂、3份抗菌剂;其中,
所述保水剂为聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉按照12:5:1的质量比混合组成;所述保水剂是将聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉均匀混合中,直接倒入清水搅拌至浓度为10g/L即可;
所述生根剂为1000倍的吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的组合物;吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的质量比为5:1:1;
所述抗菌剂为1000倍的甲基托布津、多菌灵、嘧菌酯的组合物;甲基托布津、多菌灵、嘧菌酯的质量比为1:3:1;
所述包根基质的制作方法是将所述保水剂搅拌均匀至浓稠的胶状,再依次加入生根剂、抗菌剂和剩余组分,搅拌均匀后即得到包根基质。
实施例10
所述包根基质包括如下重量份的原料:1.5份保水剂、12份泥炭土、4份沙子、2份壤土、3份蛭石、6份椰糠、3份珍珠岩、3份生根剂、2份抗菌剂;其中,
所述保水剂为聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉按照18:3:1的质量比混合组成;所述保水剂是将聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉均匀混合中,直接倒入清水搅拌至浓度为12g/L即可;
所述生根剂为1200倍的吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的组合物;吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的质量比为1:3:1;
所述抗菌剂为1500倍的甲基托布津、多菌灵、嘧菌酯的组合物的组合物;甲基托布津、多菌灵、嘧菌酯的组合物的质量比为4:2:1;
所述包根基质的制作方法是将所述保水剂搅拌均匀至浓稠的胶状,再依次加入生根剂、抗菌剂和剩余组分,搅拌均匀后即得到包根基质。
实施例11
所述包根基质包括如下重量份的原料:1.6份保水剂、13份泥炭土、3份沙子、4份壤土、2份蛭石、5份椰糠、2份珍珠岩、2.5份生根剂、2.5份抗菌剂;其中,
所述保水剂为聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉按照17:4:1的质量比混合组成;所述保水剂是将聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉均匀混合中,直接倒入清水搅拌至浓度为18g/L即可;
所述生根剂为1300倍的吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的组合物;吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸的质量比为3:2:1;
所述抗菌剂为500倍的甲基托布津、多菌灵、嘧菌酯的组合物的组合物;甲基托布津、多菌灵、嘧菌酯的组合物的质量比为3:2.5:1;
所述包根基质的制作方法是将所述保水剂搅拌均匀至浓稠的胶状,再依次加入生根剂、抗菌剂和剩余组分,搅拌均匀后即得到包根基质。
利用实施例1-2、实施例9-11的包根基质进行如实施例7的方法进行种植,得到的种植甘蔗种茎成活率依次为82%、80%、83%、84%、85%。说明本发明方法具有良好的重现性。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)清洗植株:将甘蔗种茎放入清水中进行清洗,将附着在植株上的杂质清洗干净备用;
(2)育苗:用包根基质将甘蔗种茎包裹住,放入育苗床或育苗穴盘中淋定根水,即可得到甘蔗种苗;所述包根基质包括如下重量份的原料:1~2份保水剂、10~15份泥炭土、0~6份沙子、0~6份壤土、0~4份蛭石、1~7份椰糠、0~4份珍珠岩、2~4份生根剂、2~4份抗菌剂;
(3)犁地耙地:对准备种植甘蔗的地块实行三犁三耙,清除地块中石块、垃圾、杂草,减少病虫来源;
(4)开行:沿同一方向开设相互平行的水平行,再沿所述水平行的垂直方向开设垂直行;
(5)施基肥:在开好的水平行、垂直行内撒上氮磷钾复合肥750~1500kg/hm2、有机肥0~3750kg/hm2;
(6)摆放蔗种:在行间的按单行或双行放置甘蔗种苗,用土壤将甘蔗种苗、肥料覆盖,并盖上地膜;
(7)进行如下田间管理直至采收:
A、除草:对甘蔗行间的杂草进行清除;
B、追肥:待甘蔗分蘖后期和伸长前期,使用氮磷钾复合肥375~1500kg/hm2进行追肥;
C、培土:将甘蔗行中间的土壤培到甘蔗基部,稳固甘蔗基部。
2.根据权利要求1所述甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,其特征在于,所述包根基质包括如下重量份的原料:1~2份保水剂、12~14份泥炭土、2~4份沙子、2~5份壤土、1~3份蛭石、4~6份椰糠、1~3份珍珠岩、2~3份生根剂、2~3份抗菌剂;所述保水剂为聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉混合组成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,其特征在于,所述保水剂为聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉按照10~20:2~6:1的质量比混合组成;所述保水剂是将聚丙烯酸钠、羟乙基纤维素、淀粉均匀混合中,直接倒入清水搅拌至浓度为8~20g/L即可。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,其特征在于,所述生根剂为500~1500倍的吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸任一种或任意组合使用。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,其特征在于,所述抗菌剂为广谱杀菌剂500~1500倍液。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,其特征在于,所述抗菌剂为广谱杀菌剂、石榴皮醇提物、井冈霉素和甲羟翁按照1~2:3~5:1~2:1质量比的组合稀释500~1500倍后使用。
7.根据权利要求 6所述甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,其特征在于,所述广谱杀菌剂为甲基托布津、多菌灵、百菌清、嘧菌酯和咯菌腈中的一种或一种以上组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,其特征在于:在步骤(4)中,所述水平行间距为0.9~1.2m、深度为0.3~0.5m;所述垂直行间距为5~20米、深度与水平行深度保持一致。
9.根据权利要求1所述甘蔗抗旱抗倒伏的包根栽培方法,其特征在于:在步骤(4)中,每一所述垂直行包含单行或多行;当每一垂直行包含多行时,所述多行的行间距为50cm~120cm。
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