CN111983404A - Hotspot calculation and positioning method of lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer - Google Patents
Hotspot calculation and positioning method of lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating and positioning hot spot temperature of a lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of establishing a lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer axisymmetric two-dimensional model, arranging temperature monitoring nodes, calculating thermal resistances of all parts, distributing heating power for winding temperature nodes, solving winding temperature node temperature values, and obtaining hot point temperatures and positions. The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with a CFD method which is complicated in modeling and consumes a large amount of computing resources and time, the method can realize efficient and rapid calculation of the hot spot temperature and position of the light-weight vehicle-mounted traction transformer, reduces consumption of manpower and material resources in the design process, and provides a new means for optimizing the overall structure and improving the thermal characteristics of the light-weight vehicle-mounted traction transformer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric insulation online detection and fault diagnosis, in particular to a hotspot calculation and positioning method of a light-weight vehicle-mounted traction transformer.
Background
The internal temperature of the operating transformer increases due to the copper and iron losses of the windings, the location where the temperature is highest being referred to as the hot spot. The service life of the transformer can be equivalent to the service life of the insulation of the transformer to some extent, and the hotspot temperature is an important influence factor of the insulation service life, so that the hotspot temperature and the position of the transformer must be accurately known.
The lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer is far lower in weight than an oil-immersed vehicle-mounted traction transformer due to the fact that parts such as an oil tank and insulating oil are omitted, further improvement of performance of a motor train unit is facilitated, and the lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer is widely concerned in recent years. The radiating conditions of the light-weight vehicle-mounted traction transformer are more severe than those of a ground transformer, and the load loss is far higher than that of the ground transformer with the same capacity, so that the hot spot temperature control is particularly important for the vehicle-mounted traction transformer. The CFD method is a common means for calculating the internal temperature of the transformer, has high calculation accuracy, can provide abundant flow and heat transfer detail data, but has huge consumption on time and computer resources, so that the CFD method has certain limitation on occasions requiring a large amount of tentative calculation, such as transformer design and the like. Therefore, a method capable of quickly calculating the temperature and the position of the hot spot of the lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer is urgently needed, so that the insulating material with high heat-resistant grade is arranged in a targeted manner, the optimized design of the whole structure and the improvement of the thermal property of the insulating material are served, and finally the aims of guaranteeing the operation safety of the high-speed motor train unit, prolonging the service life of the vehicle-mounted traction transformer and improving the production economy of a manufacturer are fulfilled.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a hot spot calculation and positioning method for a lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer, which can realize rapid calculation of the hot spot temperature and position of the lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a hotspot temperature calculation and positioning method of a lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, establishing an axisymmetric two-dimensional model of a lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer
Carrying out primary treatment according to the structural characteristics of the lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer: structures with small influence on temperature distribution, such as winding outlet terminals, clamps, stays and the like, are deleted, and a cooling air duct is simplified into an annular pipeline with constant heat flow on the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface simultaneously or independently;
secondly, arrange the temperature monitoring node, the temperature monitoring node includes: the winding temperature nodes, the insulating paper boundary nodes, the epoxy resin boundary nodes and the air temperature nodes are connected through thermal resistance to form a lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer thermal network model; the node arrangement method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) 1 winding temperature node is arranged at the center of each turn of the winding conductor, and the winding temperature nodes are aligned in the axial direction and the radial direction according to the winding structure;
2) 4 insulation paper boundary nodes are respectively arranged in the upper, lower, left and right 4 directions of the winding temperature node;
3) 2 epoxy resin boundary nodes are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the upper insulating paper boundary node and the lower insulating paper boundary node;
4) 1 air temperature node is arranged between 2 epoxy resin boundary nodes on two sides of the cooling air channel;
5) the winding temperature nodes are connected with the insulating paper boundary nodes through insulating paper thermal resistances, the insulating paper boundary nodes are connected with the epoxy resin boundary nodes through epoxy resin thermal resistances, the epoxy resin boundary nodes are connected with the air temperature nodes through convective thermal resistances, and the air temperature nodes are connected through air thermal resistances;
thirdly, calculating the thermal resistance of each part
1) Thermal resistance R of insulating paperpCalculated using the following formula:
in the formula, kpIs the thermal conductivity (W.m) of the insulating paper-1·k-1)，lpIs the thickness (m) of the insulating paper in the direction of heat flow of the thermal resistance of the insulating paper, SpThe contact area (m) of the insulating paper and the copper conductor in the heat flow direction of the thermal resistance of the insulating paper2)；
2) Thermal resistance R of epoxy resineCalculated using the following formula:
in the formula, keIs the thermal conductivity (W.m) of the epoxy resin-1·k-1)，leIs the thickness (m), S, of the epoxy resin in the heat flow direction of the epoxy resin heat resistanceeThe contact area (m) of the epoxy resin and the insulating paper in the heat flow direction of the epoxy resin heat resistance2)；
3) Air thermal resistance RairCalculated using the following formula:
in the formula, mairMass flow (kg.s) of air in cooling duct-1)，Cp_airThe specific heat capacity (J.kg) of air-1·K-1)，LductIs the total length (m) of the cooling air duct, and l is the axial width (m) of the conductor;
4) convective heat resistance RconvCalculated using the following formula:
in the formula, DoIs the outer diameter (m), D of the cooling air ductiIs the inner diameter (m) of the cooling air duct, NuxIs a local Nussel number, kairIs the thermal conductivity (W.m) of air-1·k-1)，SductThe contact area (m) of the epoxy resin outside the temperature node of a single winding and the cooling air duct2)；
The convective thermal resistance RconvIn the formula (2), NuxThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
in the formula, n is the number of the winding temperature node, and the rule is as follows: the winding temperature node at the inlet of the innermost cooling air duct is numbered as No. 1, and the winding temperature nodes from the inlet of the innermost cooling air duct to the outlet of the outermost cooling air duct are numbered as 2, 3 and 4 … in sequence; x is the distance (m) from the air duct inlet, R is the central line radius (m) of the cooling air duct, Re is the Reynolds number of the cooling air duct, and the Reynolds number is calculated by using the following formula:
wherein ρ is an air density (kg · m)-3) V is the air flow velocity (m · s)-1) μ is aerodynamic viscosity (kg · m)-1·s-1)；
Fourthly, distributing heating power for winding temperature nodes
The heating power distributed to the winding temperature node with the number n is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, VnConductor volume (m) corresponding to winding temperature node numbered n3)，VGeneral assemblyIs the total volume (m) of the winding3) Q is the load loss (W) obtained by the field test of the transformer;
fifthly, solving the temperature of the winding temperature nodes according to the lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer thermal network model structure from the first step to the fourth step and a kirchhoff law sequence writing node voltage equation to obtain temperature values of all the winding temperature nodes;
and sixthly, acquiring a winding temperature node with the highest temperature according to the temperature calculation result of the winding temperature node in the fifth step, wherein the node is the position where the hot spot temperature is located, so that the hot spot temperature calculation and the hot spot positioning of the light vehicle-mounted traction transformer are realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the hotspot calculation and positioning method of the lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer has the following advantages:
1) the hot spot temperature and the hot spot position of the light-weight vehicle-mounted traction transformer can be calculated, a new means is provided for the design of the light-weight vehicle-mounted traction transformer, and the optimization design of the whole structure and the improvement of the thermal characteristic are facilitated;
2) compared with a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) method, the method provided by the invention is simpler and faster in modeling, greatly reduces the time consumed by calculation and computer resources, can effectively improve the working efficiency of a transformer in a design stage, and reduces the consumption of manpower and material resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a hot spot calculation and positioning method for a lightweight vehicle traction transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of structural parameters of a lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer to be analyzed;
FIG. 3 is an axisymmetric two-dimensional model of a lightweight on-board traction transformer to be analyzed;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a temperature monitoring node arrangement local to a lightweight on-board traction transformer;
FIG. 5 is a graph of temperature values and hot spot temperatures versus position for all winding temperature nodes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific implementation procedures. It should be emphasized that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of the inventive concept and its claims.
Firstly, establishing an axisymmetric two-dimensional model of a lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining structural parameters (see figure 2) of a certain lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer to be analyzed, carrying out two-layer winding and 168 turns of conductor, and carrying out primary treatment according to the characteristics: deleting structures with small influence on temperature distribution, such as winding outlet terminals, clamps, stays and the like, simplifying a cooling air duct into an annular pipeline with inner and outer wall surfaces having constant heat flow simultaneously or independently, and finally establishing a corresponding axisymmetric two-dimensional model (see fig. 3);
secondly, arrange the temperature monitoring node, the temperature monitoring node includes: the winding temperature nodes, the insulating paper boundary nodes, the epoxy resin boundary nodes and the air temperature nodes are connected through thermal resistance to form a lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer thermal network model; the node arrangement method is specifically as follows (see fig. 4):
1) 1 winding temperature node is arranged at the center of each turn of the winding conductor, and the winding temperature nodes are aligned in the axial direction and the radial direction according to the winding structure;
2) 4 insulation paper boundary nodes are respectively arranged in the upper, lower, left and right 4 directions of the winding temperature node;
3) 2 epoxy resin boundary nodes are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the upper insulating paper boundary node and the lower insulating paper boundary node;
4) 1 air temperature node is arranged between 2 epoxy resin boundary nodes on two sides of the cooling air channel;
5) the winding temperature nodes are connected with the insulating paper boundary nodes through insulating paper thermal resistances, the insulating paper boundary nodes are connected with the epoxy resin boundary nodes through epoxy resin thermal resistances, the epoxy resin boundary nodes are connected with the air temperature nodes through convective thermal resistances, and the air temperature nodes are connected through air thermal resistances;
thirdly, calculating the thermal resistance of each part
1) Thermal resistance R of insulating paperpCalculated using the following formula:
in the formula, kpIs the thermal conductivity (W.m) of the insulating paper-1·k-1)，lpIs the thickness (m) of the insulating paper in the direction of heat flow of the thermal resistance of the insulating paper, SpThe contact area (m) of the insulating paper and the copper conductor in the heat flow direction of the thermal resistance of the insulating paper2)；
2) Thermal resistance R of epoxy resineCalculated using the following formula:
in the formula, keIs the thermal conductivity (W.m) of the epoxy resin-1·k-1)，leIs the thickness (m), S, of the epoxy resin in the heat flow direction of the epoxy resin heat resistanceeThe contact area (m) of the epoxy resin and the insulating paper in the heat flow direction of the epoxy resin heat resistance2)；
3) Air thermal resistance RairCalculated using the following formula:
in the formula, mairMass flow (kg.s) of air in cooling duct-1)，Cp_airThe specific heat capacity (J.kg) of air-1·K-1)，LductIs the total length (m) of the cooling air duct, and l is the axial width (m) of the conductor;
4) convective heat resistance RconvCalculated using the following formula:
in the formula, DoIs the outer diameter (m), D of the cooling air ductiIs the inner diameter (m) of the cooling air duct, NuxIs a local Nussel number, kairIs the thermal conductivity (W.m) of air-1·k-1)，SductThe contact area (m) of the epoxy resin outside the temperature node of a single winding and the cooling air duct2)；
The convective thermal resistance RconvIn the formula (2), NuxThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
in the formula, n is the number of the winding temperature node, and the rule is as follows: the winding temperature node at the inlet of the innermost cooling air duct is numbered as No. 1, and the winding temperature nodes from the inlet of the innermost cooling air duct to the outlet of the outermost cooling air duct are numbered as 2, 3 and 4 … in sequence; x is the distance (m) of air leaving the inlet of the cooling air duct, R is the radius (m) of the central line of the cooling air duct, Re is the Reynolds number of the cooling air duct, and the Reynolds number is calculated by using the following formula:
wherein ρ is an air density (kg · m)-3) V is the air flow velocity (m · s)-1) μ is aerodynamic viscosity (kg · m)-1·s-1)；
Fourthly, distributing heating power for winding temperature nodes
The heating power distributed to the winding temperature node with the number n is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, VnConductor volume (m) corresponding to winding temperature node numbered n3)，VGeneral assemblyIs the total volume (m) of the winding3) Q is the load loss (W) obtained by the field test of the transformer;
fifthly, according to the heat network model structure of the light-weight vehicle-mounted traction transformer from the first step to the fourth step, writing a node voltage equation according to kirchhoff's law, solving the temperature of the winding temperature nodes by using MATLAB programming, and obtaining the temperature values of all the winding temperature nodes (see figure 5);
and sixthly, acquiring a winding temperature node with the highest temperature being number 161 according to the temperature calculation result of the winding temperature node in the fifth step, namely, the hot spot position is located at the 77 th turn of the second layer, the hot spot temperature is 442.638K, and the hot spot positioning of the lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer is realized.
Claims (1)
1. A hotspot temperature calculation and positioning method of a lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, establishing an axisymmetric two-dimensional model of a lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer
Carrying out primary treatment according to the structural characteristics of the lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer: structures with small influence on temperature distribution, such as winding outlet terminals, clamps, stays and the like, are deleted, and a cooling air duct is simplified into an annular pipeline with constant heat flow on the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface simultaneously or independently;
secondly, arrange the temperature monitoring node, the temperature monitoring node includes: the winding temperature nodes, the insulating paper boundary nodes, the epoxy resin boundary nodes and the air temperature nodes are connected through thermal resistance to form a lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer thermal network model; the node arrangement method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) 1 winding temperature node is arranged at the center of each turn of the winding conductor, and the winding temperature nodes are aligned in the axial direction and the radial direction according to the winding structure;
2) 4 insulation paper boundary nodes are respectively arranged in the upper, lower, left and right 4 directions of the winding temperature node;
3) 2 epoxy resin boundary nodes are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the upper insulating paper boundary node and the lower insulating paper boundary node;
4) 1 air temperature node is arranged between 2 epoxy resin boundary nodes on two sides of the cooling air channel;
5) the winding temperature nodes are connected with the insulating paper boundary nodes through insulating paper thermal resistances, the insulating paper boundary nodes are connected with the epoxy resin boundary nodes through epoxy resin thermal resistances, the epoxy resin boundary nodes are connected with the air temperature nodes through convective thermal resistances, and the air temperature nodes are connected through air thermal resistances;
thirdly, calculating the thermal resistance of each part
1) Thermal resistance R of insulating paperpCalculated using the following formula:
in the formula, kpIs the thermal conductivity (W.m) of the insulating paper-1·k-1)，lpIs the thickness (m) of the insulating paper in the direction of heat flow of the thermal resistance of the insulating paper, SpThe contact area (m) of the insulating paper and the copper conductor in the heat flow direction of the thermal resistance of the insulating paper2)；
2) Thermal resistance R of epoxy resineCalculated using the following formula:
in the formula, keIs the thermal conductivity (W.m) of the epoxy resin-1·k-1)，leIs the thickness (m), S, of the epoxy resin in the heat flow direction of the epoxy resin heat resistanceeThe contact area (m) of the epoxy resin and the insulating paper in the heat flow direction of the epoxy resin heat resistance2)；
3) Air thermal resistance RairCalculated using the following formula:
in the formula, mairMass flow (kg.s) of air in cooling duct-1)，Cp_airThe specific heat capacity (J.kg) of air-1·K-1)，LductIs the total length (m) of the cooling air duct, and l is the axial width (m) of the conductor;
4) convective heat resistance RconvCalculated using the following formula:
in the formula, DoIs the outer diameter (m), D of the cooling air ductiIs the inner diameter (m) of the cooling air duct, NuxIs a local Nussel number, kairIs the thermal conductivity (W.m) of air-1·k-1)，SductIs a single windingContact area (m) of epoxy resin outside temperature node and cooling air duct2)；
The convective thermal resistance RconvIn the formula (2), NuxThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
in the formula, n is the number of the winding temperature node, and the rule is as follows: the winding temperature node at the inlet of the innermost cooling air duct is numbered as No. 1, and the winding temperature nodes from the inlet of the innermost cooling air duct to the outlet of the outermost cooling air duct are numbered as 2, 3 and 4 … in sequence; x is the distance (m) from the air duct inlet, R is the central line radius (m) of the cooling air duct, Re is the Reynolds number of the cooling air duct, and the Reynolds number is calculated by using the following formula:
wherein ρ is an air density (kg · m)-3) V is the air flow velocity (m · s)-1) μ is aerodynamic viscosity (kg · m)-1·s-1)；
Fourthly, distributing heating power for winding temperature nodes
The heating power distributed to the winding temperature node with the number n is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, VnConductor volume (m) corresponding to winding temperature node numbered n3)，VGeneral assemblyIs the total volume (m) of the winding3) Q is the load loss (W) obtained by the field test of the transformer;
fifthly, solving the temperature of the winding temperature nodes according to the lightweight vehicle-mounted traction transformer thermal network model structure from the first step to the fourth step and a kirchhoff law sequence writing node voltage equation to obtain temperature values of all the winding temperature nodes;
and sixthly, acquiring a winding temperature node with the highest temperature according to the temperature calculation result of the winding temperature node in the fifth step, wherein the node is the position where the hot spot temperature is located, so that the hot spot temperature calculation and the hot spot positioning of the light vehicle-mounted traction transformer are realized.
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| CN115753880A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 西南交通大学 | Oil-immersed vehicle-mounted traction transformer heat dissipation performance evaluation method based on comprehensive temperature rise factors |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112562976A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-26 | 西南交通大学 | Method for evaluating enhanced heat transfer capacity of air duct of light-weight vehicle-mounted traction transformer |
| CN112562976B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-09-24 | 西南交通大学 | Method for evaluating enhanced heat transfer capacity of air duct of light-weight vehicle-mounted traction transformer |
| CN115753880A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 西南交通大学 | Oil-immersed vehicle-mounted traction transformer heat dissipation performance evaluation method based on comprehensive temperature rise factors |
| CN115753880B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2024-03-19 | 西南交通大学 | Evaluation method for heat dissipation performance of oil-immersed vehicle-mounted traction transformer based on comprehensive temperature rise factors |
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