CN111977958B - Panda-shaped micro-structure optical fiber with oval core filled with silver wires and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Panda-shaped micro-structure optical fiber with oval core filled with silver wires and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
- C03B37/0122—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube for making preforms of photonic crystal, microstructured or holey optical fibres
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01225—Means for changing or stabilising the shape, e.g. diameter, of tubes or rods in general, e.g. collapsing
- C03B37/0124—Means for reducing the diameter of rods or tubes by drawing, e.g. for preform draw-down
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/026—Drawing fibres reinforced with a metal wire or with other non-glass material
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- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
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- C03B2205/40—Monitoring or regulating the draw tension or draw rate
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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- C03B2205/44—Monotoring or regulating the preform feed rate
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Abstract
A panda-shaped micro-structural optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of special optical fiber preparation. The panda-type micro-structure optical fiber with the oval core filled with the silver wires adopts a step-type stacking and binding method to arrange the preformed rods, and the silver wires are filled into the micro-structure optical fiber. When the optical fiber is drawn, the collapse of air holes in the optical fiber is effectively inhibited through air pressure control, and the external diameter size, the silver wire size and the fiber core size of the optical fiber simultaneously meet the expected requirements through the additional arrangement of a limiting glass outer sleeve and the combination of air pressure control and secondary drawing process parameters. The panda-type microstructure fiber with the elliptic core filled with the silver wire prepared by the method can form two similar panda-type atmospheric holes at the adjacent positions of the fiber core, the fiber core is extruded into an ellipse by the atmospheric holes, and the metal material in the internal air holes of the panda-type microstructure fiber with the elliptic core filled with the silver wire can spontaneously generate a surface plasmon resonance effect and can be applied to an optical filter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of special optical fiber preparation, and particularly relates to a panda type microstructure optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the progress of the manufacturing process, the micro-structured optical fiber is continuously manufactured into miniaturized and integrated optical devices, and is widely applied to various optical fields, such as optical communication, wavelength division multiplexers, couplers, optical filtering, ultrafast nonlinear optics, optical sensing, supercontinuum light sources, optical polarization beam splitting and the like.
In a metal-filled or metal-coated microstructured optical fiber, when light waves (electromagnetic waves) are incident on the interface between metal and dielectric, free electrons collectively oscillate on the metal surface, generating surface plasmon modes. If the oscillation frequency coincides with the incident wave frequency, surface plasmon resonance occurs. In other words, the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon occurs when the core mode and the surface plasmon mode satisfy the phase matching condition. Researchers have obtained many achievements in theoretical research on metal-filled micro-structured optical fibers, and in 2012, y.du et al have proposed a polarization filter with metal wires, which can improve the performance of the filter after selectively filling gold nanowires into pores of the micro-structured optical fibers, and generate surface plasmon resonance effects at communication wavelengths of 1290nm and 1550nm, and the generated resonance losses are 40dB/cm and 60dB/cm, respectively. An et al reported a microstructured optical fiber with gold-filled gas holes in 2014. The confinement loss in the y-polarization direction at the communication wavelength of 1550nm is 407 dB/cm. 2015 a.m. heikal et al reported an elliptical core microstructured fiber polarization filter with selective metal filling. After the addition of the single metal rod, the losses in the two polarization directions x and y were 77.04dB/mm and 2.765dB/mm, respectively, at a wavelength of 1.013 μm. In 2017, Shi M et al propose a microstructure fiber polarization filter with a selectively plated gold film. When the thickness of the gold thin film was 50nm, the resonance intensity in the y-polarization direction was 433.65dB/cm and the resonance intensity in the x-polarization direction was 2.64dB/cm at a communication wavelength of 1.55 μm. Chang M et al in 2019 proposed a high birefringence gold-plated microstructure fiber polarization filter based on surface plasmon resonance. At the communication wavelength of 1550nm, the limiting loss in the y-polarization direction is 442dB/cm, while the loss in the corresponding x-polarization direction is only 0.0316 dB/cm.
Although researchers have devoted much effort to research on microstructured optical fibers, the manufacturing techniques are still relatively delayed with respect to theoretical aspects, especially for metal-filled microstructured optical fibers, it is not easy to fill metal materials into the voids of microstructured optical fibers in the industry, the size of the internal voids of microstructured optical fibers is on the order of micrometers, it is difficult to make the diameter of metal on the order of micrometers, it is more difficult to fill such fine metal into the internal voids of optical fibers, and it is easy to break the metal wire. If the metal is melted into liquid, the metal liquid is pushed into the pores of the optical fiber by air pressure to prepare the metal-filled microstructure optical fiber, but a device for melting the metal by heating and pressurizing with high precision is required, and the device is not available in a laboratory. Some researchers adopt a chemical method to prepare the microstructure optical fiber filled with metal, firstly liquid is filled into the microstructure air holes of the optical fiber through air pressure, and then metal is deposited on the surface of the air holes in the optical fiber through chemical reaction. The invention explores from the preparation angle of a micro-structural optical fiber and discloses a panda type micro-structural optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the existing technology for preparing the metal-filled micro-structured optical fiber, the preparation method of the panda-type micro-structured optical fiber with the oval core filled with the silver wires is provided. The method is simple to manufacture, and the silver wires are filled into the microstructure optical fibers when the prefabricated rods are arranged. When the optical fiber is drawn, the collapse of air holes in the optical fiber is effectively inhibited through air pressure control, and the external diameter size, the silver wire size and the fiber core size of the optical fiber simultaneously meet the expected requirements through the additional arrangement of a limiting glass outer sleeve and the combination of air pressure control and secondary drawing process parameters. The panda-type microstructure fiber with the elliptic core filled with the silver wire prepared by the method can form two similar panda-type atmospheric holes at the adjacent positions of the fiber core, the fiber core is extruded into an ellipse by the atmospheric holes, and the metal material in the internal air holes of the panda-type microstructure fiber with the elliptic core filled with the silver wire can spontaneously generate a surface plasmon resonance effect and can be applied to an optical filter.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a panda-type microstructure optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires comprises the following steps:
step 1: filling in
Filling a silver wire into a capillary tube with one closed end to obtain a filled silver wire capillary tube;
step 2: pile-up binding
According to the size and the structure of the designed panda-type microstructure optical fiber with the elliptic core filled with the silver wires, a step-type stacking and binding method is adopted, a capillary rod, a capillary tube filled with the silver wires and capillary tubes with different inner diameters are stacked and bound to form a prefabricated rod, the prefabricated rod is welded with a tail handle, and then the prefabricated rod is dried to remove water vapor in the prefabricated rod;
the integral structure of the preform is hexagonal, the central position of the preform is a solid capillary rod serving as a fiber core, two capillaries which are in mirror symmetry are capillaries with larger inner diameters in a first layer of cladding, and the other capillaries with smaller inner diameters are in the first layer of cladding; in the second layer of cladding, a capillary tube with a smaller inner diameter is adopted, a connecting line of the centers of the capillary tubes with the larger inner diameter is used as a horizontal direction, and a capillary tube filled with silver wires is arranged on a vertical line which is vertical to the connecting line and passes through the center of the fiber core; in the third layer of cladding, a capillary tube with a smaller inner diameter is adopted, the second layer of cladding is 1-2cm shorter than the first layer of cladding, the third layer of cladding is 1-2cm shorter than the second layer of cladding, … … is repeated until the whole fiber core and the cladding are completed to obtain a hexagonal structure, the hexagonal structure is arranged in a glass sleeve with a matched inner diameter, and a space between the hexagonal structure and the glass sleeve is filled with a fine solid capillary rod to obtain a prefabricated rod; wherein the outer diameter of the capillary with larger inner diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the capillary with smaller inner diameter, and the inner diameter of the capillary with larger inner diameter is 0.1-1.2mm larger than the inner diameter of the capillary with smaller inner diameter;
and step 3: drawing (D)
Performing primary drawing on the prefabricated rod without the water vapor to obtain a thin prefabricated rod;
and placing the thin preform in a limiting glass outer sleeve, performing second drawing, observing the optical end face through an optical microscope in the second drawing process, after all air holes of the optical fiber end face appear, switching on an argon gas pipe for regulating and controlling the air pressure in the thin preform, regulating and controlling the air pressure, observing the condition of the optical end face in real time, regulating the rod feeding speed to be 1-5mm/min, the traction speed to be 0.5-10m/min, the high-temperature furnace temperature to be 1760 and 1810 ℃, and the air pressure threshold to be 1-13kPa, forming a capillary tube with a larger inner diameter into an air hole, extruding the fiber core into an oval shape, and thus obtaining the panda type microstructure optical fiber with the oval core filled with silver wires.
In the step 2, the panda-type microstructure optical fiber with the elliptic core filled with the silver wire is prepared by drawing the capillary and the capillary rod through the glass tube and the glass rod, wherein the glass tube and the glass rod are loaded on the drawing tower, the lowest end positions of the glass rod and the glass tube are lower than the central position of the high-temperature furnace, the temperature of the high-temperature furnace is initially set to 2000-.
In the step 3, before the preform is drawn, a glass tube is fused at the opening end of the capillary tube filled with the silver wires in the preform to be used as a tail handle, and then the glass tube is placed in a temperature control box at the temperature of 100-200 ℃ to remove the water vapor in the preform.
In the step 3, during the first drawing, the initial temperature of the high-temperature furnace is set to 1930-; the thick preform with the outer diameter of 20mm is drawn into a thin preform with the outer diameter of 3.0-5.5mm by adjusting the drawing speed, the rod feeding speed and the temperature of the high temperature furnace.
In the step 3, during the second drawing, the thin preform rod with the outer diameter of 3.0-5.5mm is loaded into a limit glass outer sleeve with the inner diameter of + (0.05-0.1) mm larger than the outer diameter of the thin preform rod and the outer diameter of 12mm, so as to obtain a new preform rod; when loading a new preform, clamping a limiting glass outer sleeve of the new preform by using a triangular claw on a drawing tower; during the second drawing, the initial temperature of the high temperature furnace is set to 1930-.
The gas pressure maintaining device comprises a communication control module, a PLC (programmable logic controller), a pressure controller, an electromagnetic valve and a gas pressure threshold display screen;
the communication control module is electrically connected with a main control console of the optical fiber drawing tower, the signal output end of the communication control module is connected with the signal receiving end of the PLC, an air pressure threshold display screen is arranged on the PLC, the signal receiving end of the PLC is connected with the signal output end of the pressure controller, and the PLC is also connected with an electromagnetic valve for controlling the air inlet and outlet to be opened and closed.
The optical fiber drawing tower main control console is used for setting four drawing parameters of high temperature furnace temperature, rod feeding speed, traction speed and air pressure threshold in the microstructure optical fiber preparation process;
the communication control module is used for receiving a communication signal instruction of the main control console of the optical fiber drawing tower and transmitting the signal instruction to the PLC;
the pressure controller detects the pressure in real time and transmits the detected pressure value to the PLC;
and the PLC is used for displaying the air pressure threshold transmitted by the communication module through the air pressure threshold display screen, and comparing the pressure of the air pressure threshold with the pressure detected by the pressure controller, so that the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve are controlled by a transmission signal.
In the step 3, in the second drawing process, the rod feeding speed is 1-5mm/min, the drawing speed is 0.5-10m/min, the temperature of the high-temperature furnace is 1760-. Regulating and controlling the rod feeding speed, the traction speed, the high-temperature furnace temperature and the air pressure threshold value to jointly act, drawing the outer diameter size of the silver wire panda type micro-structure optical fiber to 125-130 mu m, and reducing the fiber core size and the silver wire size to 2-8 mu m.
In the step 3, in the drawing process, the temperature of the high-temperature furnace is firstly reduced and then increased to form an upward concave shape, the temperature change amplitude of the high-temperature furnace is 1-2 ℃/min, the air pressure threshold value is firstly increased and then reduced to form an upward convex shape, the change amplitude of the air pressure threshold value is 0.3-0.5kPa/min, the rod feeding speed is gradually reduced, the rod feeding speed is 0.2-0.5mm/min, the traction speed is gradually increased, and the traction speed is 0.5-1 m/min.
A panda-shaped micro-structure optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires is prepared by the method.
The panda-shaped micro-structure optical fiber with the oval core filled with the silver wires is adjusted in air pressure, so that the atmospheric holes of panda eyes appear at two adjacent positions of the fiber core, the fiber core is extruded into an oval shape, the short axis length of the oval is 2-4 mu m, the long axis length is 6-8 mu m, the diameter of the atmospheric hole is 7-12 mu m, and the diameters of other small air holes are 2-6 mu m.
In the preparation process of the panda-type microstructure optical fiber with the oval core filled with the silver wire, the air pressure is regulated and controlled through the air pressure maintaining device, the fiber core of the panda-type microstructure optical fiber with the oval core filled with the silver wire is extruded into an oval shape, the short axis length of the oval is 3 microns, and the long axis length of the oval is 7 microns.
And filling the prepared panda-type microstructure optical fiber with the elliptic core with the silver wire, respectively welding a section of multimode optical fiber at two ends, connecting a light source and a spectrometer, and detecting to obtain surface plasma resonance.
A panda-type micro-structural optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires has a 18-22dBm reduction of transmission spectral power at 2036.6nm, while the panda-type micro-structural optical fiber without the silver wires has no reduction of transmission spectral power at the wavelength, which shows that the fiber core energy of the panda-type micro-structural optical fiber filled with the silver wires at 2036.6nm is coupled to the silver surface to generate a surface plasma resonance phenomenon, so that the attenuation of light wave energy is generated.
The application of panda-type micro-structure optical fiber with elliptic core filled with silver wire is used in optical filter to filter out the part of light wavelength with greatly attenuated energy.
Compared with the prior optical fiber preparation technology, the panda-type microstructure optical fiber with the oval core filled with silver wires and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention have the advantages that:
(1) the silver wires of the silver wire panda type microstructure optical fiber are directly filled into the capillary when the optical fiber preform is arranged, and compared with the existing preparation method that metal materials are easily filled into the air holes in the optical fiber after the optical fiber is prepared.
(2) The optical fiber prefabricated rod is prepared by adopting quartz glass capillary tubes with the same outer diameter and different inner diameters. The air pressure is regulated and controlled in the drawing process, so that the thin-wall capillary with the larger inner diameter generates large air holes, the thick-wall capillary with the smaller inner diameter generates small air holes, and optical fiber microstructures with different large and small air holes are generated.
(3) The microstructure optical fiber is prepared by adopting a secondary drawing technology, the thick prefabricated rod is drawn into a thin prefabricated rod by the primary drawing, and the internal structure of the thin prefabricated rod is kept complete. And (4) after the thin preform rod is added with the glass sleeve, performing second drawing, and simultaneously drawing the outer diameter size of the optical fiber, the size of the fiber core and the size of the silver wire to the expected required sizes.
(4) Argon is introduced into the thin preform in the second drawing process, not only microstructure air holes with different sizes are generated, but also the collapse phenomenon of the air holes in the optical fiber is effectively inhibited. By the extrusion of two large air holes adjacent to the fiber core, the size of the fiber core is reduced, and the microstructure optical fiber with the elliptical fiber core is formed.
(5) The setting of the drawing parameters is reasonably carried out, the furnace temperature is set to firstly fall and then rise, and the furnace temperature is approximately in an upward concave shape, so that the microstructure of the optical fiber appears as early as possible, and the situation that the fibril becomes too brittle and is broken is avoided. The setting process of the air pressure threshold value is that the air pressure threshold value rises firstly and then falls, and basically presents a convex shape, so that the collapse of the microstructure air holes is avoided, and the microstructure air holes are prevented from being blown too drum. The setting processes of the rod feeding speed and the drawing speed are opposite, namely one is gradually decreased and the other is gradually increased, so that the purpose is to quickly reduce the structural size of the microstructure optical fiber.
(6) After the two ends of the prepared panda-type microstructure optical fiber with the silver wire filled with the oval core are respectively welded with a section of multimode optical fiber, the surface plasma resonance phenomenon can be detected, the spectral energy of a resonance wave band has 18-22dBm attenuation, and the filtering effect on the wave band of the energy attenuation is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a panda-type silver micro-structured fiber with surface plasmon resonance effect according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a fiber core; 2 is a quartz glass capillary tube with a larger inner diameter; 3 is a quartz glass capillary tube with a smaller inner diameter; 4 is silver wire; 5 is a quartz glass sleeve; 6 is the air hole of the capillary; 7 is a gap between the capillaries; 8 is a gap between the hexagonal structure and the quartz glass sleeve; d1Is the diameter of the quartz glass capillary and capillary rod; d2The inner diameter of the air hole of the quartz glass capillary tube with larger inner diameter; d3The inner diameter of the air hole of the quartz glass capillary tube with smaller inner diameter; d4Is the diameter of the silver wire.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thin preform rod of the present invention loaded into a glass overcladding tube;
in the figure, 9 is a thin preform and 10 is a limiting glass outer jacket tube.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the connection of external argon gas with a thin preform by a connector according to the present invention;
11 is an argon gas pipe; 9 is a thin preform; 12 is a connector; 13 is a metal spring piece in the connector.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a gas pressure maintaining device in the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the end face of the panda-type microstructure fiber with an oval core filled with drawn silver wires according to the present invention, wherein (a) the air holes appear as a whole and (b) the crescent-shaped slits are eliminated.
FIG. 6 shows the end surfaces of the silver wires of the present invention when they are broken by air pressure and the pores are opened, wherein (a) the silver wires are broken by air pressure and (b) the silver wires open the pores.
Fig. 7 is an end view of a panda-type microstructure fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires according to the present invention, (a) an overall end view, and (b) a partial enlargement.
FIG. 8 is a fitting curve of temperature parameters and air pressure parameters of a panda-type silver-filled fiber with an elliptical core microstructure according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a fitting curve of rod feeding speed and pulling speed of silver-filled panda-shaped elliptical core micro-structured optical fiber according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a testing experiment system of a silver-filled panda-shaped elliptical core microstructure optical fiber.
Fig. 11 is a transmission spectrum of panda-type elliptical core micro-structured fiber filled with silver wires and unfilled with silver wires according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The panda-type micro-structured optical fiber with silver wire filled elliptical core and the preparation method thereof disclosed in the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the embodiments are merely illustrative and not limitative.
The first embodiment is as follows:
(1) drawing quartz glass tubes with different inner diameters to obtain capillary tubes: specifically, a glass tube with an outer diameter of 20mm, an inner diameter of 14mm, an outer diameter of 16mm and an inner diameter of 12mm is drawn into a capillary tube with an outer diameter of 2mm, and the capillary tube with an inner diameter of 1.4mm and 1.5mm is obtained, wherein the quartz glass capillary tube 3 with an outer diameter of 2mm and an inner diameter of 1.4mm is a smaller inner diameter, and the quartz glass capillary tube 2 with an outer diameter of 2mm and an inner diameter of 1.5mm is a larger inner diameter. A silver wire 4 having a diameter of 1.0mm and a purity of 99.9% was inserted into a capillary having an inner diameter of 1.4mm, and one end of the silver-filled capillary was melt-killed with an oxyhydrogen flame. Piling the capillary tubes with the inner diameter of 1.4mm into a hexagon by adopting a step-type piling and binding method, then replacing the capillary tubes with the inner diameter of 1.4mm at corresponding positions by using a solid capillary rod with the diameter of 2mm, a capillary tube filled with silver wires and a capillary tube with the inner diameter of 1.5mm respectively, sleeving a quartz glass sleeve 5 with the outer diameter of 20mm and the inner diameter of 14mm outside the formed hexagon structure, and filling 200-micron and 500-micron solid capillary rods in a gap between the hexagon structure and the quartz glass sleeve to form a silver wire panda prefabricated rod with the length of 250mm, wherein the refractive index of a fiber core is 1.45, and the schematic structural end face diagram is shown in figure 1.
(2) One end of the prefabricated bar, which is not fused with the silver capillary tube, is fused with a glass tube which is 250mm long, 20mm in outer diameter and 14mm in inner diameter as a tail handle, the heating temperature of the temperature control box is set to be 120 ℃, and water vapor in the prefabricated bar is removed.
(3) The preform from which the water vapor was removed was subjected to a first drawing, the preform was drawn into a thin preform having a diameter of 3.1mm, and the thin preform 9 was loaded into a limiting glass outer sleeve 10 having an inner diameter of 3.2mm to form a new preform, which is schematically shown in fig. 2. Connecting argon gas and thin prefabricated stick together through the gas connector of taking metal spring leaf to prevent that the cladding gas pocket from collapsing, figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the thin prefabricated stick of argon gas connection, and argon gas trachea 11 and the one end of connector 12 are connected, and thin prefabricated stick 9 is connected to the other end of connector 12, is provided with the metal spring leaf 13 of connector in the junction of connector 12.
Be provided with gaseous pressurizer on argon gas trachea 1's the pipeline, keep the atmospheric pressure in the thin prefabricated stick invariable through gaseous pressurizer, gaseous pressurizer mainly comprises communication control module, PLC controller, pressure controller, solenoid valve, atmospheric pressure threshold value display screen. The communication control module is electrically connected with a main control console of the optical fiber drawing tower, the signal output end of the communication control module is connected with the signal receiving end of the PLC, an air pressure threshold display screen is arranged on the PLC, the signal receiving end of the PLC is connected with the signal output end of the pressure controller, and the PLC is also connected with an electromagnetic valve for controlling the air inlet and outlet to be opened and closed. And the communication control module is used for realizing the connection and communication between the gas pressure maintaining regulation and control device and the optical fiber drawing tower main control console. Utilize optic fibre wire drawing tower master control platform to carry out the settlement of atmospheric pressure threshold value to gaseous pressurize regulation and control device, the atmospheric pressure threshold value is set for the back, and the PLC controller shows this atmospheric pressure threshold value through the display screen display, and the pressure controller detects the pressure that lets in thin prefabricated stick to feed back the PLC controller with this value, the PLC controller carries out the comparison with atmospheric pressure value in output argon gas trachea with the atmospheric pressure threshold value. If the threshold value is larger than the air pressure value in the argon outlet pipe, the PLC opens the electromagnetic valve and automatically inflates air; if the threshold value is smaller than the air pressure value in the argon outlet pipe, the PLC opens the electromagnetic valve and automatically performs air extraction; if the threshold value is equal to the air pressure value in the argon outlet pipe, the PLC controller closes the electromagnetic valve and does not carry out air inflation or air exhaust so as to ensure that the air pressure in the prefabricated rod is constant. A schematic diagram of a gas pressurizer is shown in fig. 4.
(4) The filaments drawn in the initial stage of the second drawing are all solid, and the temperature is reduced to enable the cladding air hole microstructure to appear integrally. Fig. 5(a) is a cross-sectional view of the entire clad air holes, and it can be seen from the figure that the core and the silver wire are relatively large, their sizes are much larger than the sizes of the surrounding air holes, and the sizes of the clad air holes are substantially the same, and it is difficult to distinguish which air hole is drawn by a capillary tube having an inner diameter of 1.5 mm. To reduce the fiber size, the rod feed speed was reduced to 1.5 mm/min. The air pressure threshold was gradually increased to 12.4kPa to prevent the collapse of the air holes, and the end face of the microstructured optical fiber is shown in fig. 5(b), from which it can be seen that the air holes of the cladding become significantly larger under the action of the air pressure, and the air holes drawn by two capillaries with an inner diameter of 1.5mm become the largest. The silver wire size becomes minimal under the cladding air hole extrusion.
(4) When the panda-type micro-structure optical fiber with the oval core filled with silver wires is prepared, the control of the air pressure threshold value is very important. If the air pressure threshold is too high during drawing, the silver wire will be broken by the air holes in the cladding, as shown in fig. 6 (a). Since the silver wire is squeezed out here and the extra silver at other places will expand the air holes filled with silver, as shown in fig. 6(b), when drawing panda-type micro-structured fiber with oval core filled with silver wire, the air pressure threshold should be adjusted slowly at a speed of 0.3-0.5kPa/min to avoid the phenomenon of silver wire being squeezed apart.
(5) After repeated adjustment of drawing parameters, when the temperature is 1798 ℃ and the air pressure threshold is 8.3kPa, the core of the panda-type micro-structured optical fiber with the oval core filled with silver wires is extruded into an oval shape, the length of the minor axis is about 3 μm, and the length of the major axis is about 7 μm, as shown in FIG. 7, wherein FIG. 7(a) is an integral end face, and FIG. 7(b) is a partial enlargement.
Comparative example
The preparation method of the panda-type microstructure optical fiber with the oval core is the same as the first embodiment except that: and (3) a capillary tube which is not filled with silver wires is not arranged, two ends of the prepared panda-type microstructure optical fiber with the oval core are respectively welded with a section of multimode optical fiber, and after the prepared panda-type microstructure optical fiber is connected with a light source and a spectrometer, detection is carried out, and the transmission spectral power of the panda-type microstructure optical fiber which is not filled with silver wires at the wavelength is not reduced.
Example two:
a preparation method of a panda-type micro-structure optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires, which is the same as the first embodiment.
The parameter fitting curve of temperature and air pressure when preparing the panda-type microstructure optical fiber with the elliptic core filled with silver wires is shown in fig. 8, when the diameter of the optical fiber is thick, the temperature is high, and the air holes of the cladding are collapsed into solid. In the initial drawing, the furnace temperature is lowered to cause the occurrence of pores in the cladding, and the temperature of the filament is increased since the filament is thick at the beginning. When the furnace temperature is reduced to 1760 ℃, the air holes of the cladding basically appear, and a pressure maintaining device is added and the air pressure threshold is gradually increased. The fiber becomes brittle as the filaments become thinner, and the furnace temperature needs to be slowly increased at a rate of 1 to 2 ℃/min in order to prevent the fiber from being pulled apart, and the sheath pores may collapse during the increase of the furnace temperature, so that the gas pressure threshold needs to be gradually increased at a rate of 0.3 to 0.5kPa/min in accordance with the furnace temperature. In the process of thinning the fiber fibrils, the end faces of the fibrils need to be observed at any time, once the excessive expansion of the air holes of the cladding is found, the air pressure needs to be reduced slowly in time, so that the panda-type micro-structure fiber with the silver wires in a perfect structure and the oval core filled with the silver wires can be drawn. FIG. 9 is a graph of the fitted rod feeding speed and drawing speed, the rod feeding speed being gradually decreased at a rate of 0.2-0.5mm/min and the drawing speed being gradually increased at a rate of 0.5-1m/min in order to decrease the core size.
Example three:
a preparation method of a panda-type micro-structure optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires, which is the same as the first embodiment.
The two ends of the silver-wire-filled panda-type microstructure fiber are respectively welded with a section of multimode fiber, the fibers at the two ends are respectively connected with a broadband light source and a spectrometer, the schematic diagram of an experimental system is shown in figure 10, wherein 1 is the panda-type microstructure fiber with silver wires filled with elliptical cores; 2 is a multimode optical fiber. Light emitted by the broadband light source passes through the panda type silver wire filled microstructure optical fiber and then is transmitted into the spectrometer, and the spectrometer displays the transmission spectrum, wherein the transmission spectrum is shown in figure 11. From the transmission spectrum, the transmission spectral power of the panda-type microstructure fiber filled with the silver wire at the wavelength of 2036.6nm is reduced by 20dBm, while the transmission spectral power of the panda-type microstructure fiber not filled with the silver wire at the wavelength is not reduced, which shows that the core energy of the panda-type microstructure fiber filled with the silver wire at the wavelength of 2036.6nm is coupled to the silver surface, the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon is generated, and the attenuation of the light wave energy is generated.
Example four
A preparation method of a panda-type microstructure optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of
And when the glass capillary rod and the glass capillary tube are prepared, the lowest end positions of the glass rod and the glass tube loaded on a wire drawing tower are lower than the central position of a high-temperature furnace, the temperature of the high-temperature furnace is initially set to 2000 ℃, and the furnace temperature is adjusted to 1900 ℃ after a stub bar falls.
Filling 1mm of silver wires into a capillary tube with one end being melt-killed by oxyhydrogen flame to obtain a filled silver wire capillary tube;
step 2: pile-up binding
And stacking and binding the capillary rods, the silver wire filled capillaries and the capillaries with different inner diameters into a hexagonal structure by adopting a step-type stacking and binding method, wherein the central position of the hexagonal structure is a solid capillary rod with the diameter of 2mm, the inner diameters of the capillaries at two positions which are adjacent to the left and right of the fiber core in the horizontal direction are 1.5mm, and the inner diameters of the capillaries at other positions are 1.4 mm. The capillary tube of the cladding second layer, which is vertical to the connecting line of the fiber core, is a silver wire filling capillary tube. And (3) arranging a quartz glass sleeve with the outer diameter of 20mm and the inner diameter of 14mm outside the hexagonal structure, and filling a gap between the hexagonal structure and the quartz glass sleeve with a solid capillary rod with the diameter of 200 and 500 mu m, thereby obtaining a preform rod with the length of 250 mm. Welding a glass tube tail handle with the length of 250mm, the outer diameter of 20mm and the inner diameter of 14mm at the end, which is not welded, of the silver capillary in the prefabricated rod, and then placing the glass tube tail handle in a temperature control box at 120 ℃ for drying to remove water vapor in the prefabricated rod;
and step 3: drawing (D)
A secondary drawing method is adopted, and specifically comprises the following steps:
performing primary drawing on the prefabricated rod without the water vapor, and drawing the thick prefabricated rod into a thin prefabricated rod; wherein, in the first drawing process, the initial temperature of the high-temperature furnace is set to 1950 ℃, and the temperature of the high-temperature furnace is adjusted to 1810 ℃ after a stub falls. The thick preform having an outer diameter of 20mm was drawn into a thin preform having an outer diameter of 3.1mm by adjusting the drawing speed, rod feeding speed and high temperature in the high temperature furnace.
And loading the 3.1mm thin prefabricated rod into a limiting glass outer sleeve with the inner diameter of 3.2mm and the outer diameter of 12mm, and when loading a new prefabricated rod, grabbing the limiting glass outer sleeve of the prefabricated rod by a triangle on a wire drawing tower to carry out second drawing. The initial temperature of the high-temperature furnace during the second drawing is set to 1930 ℃, and the temperature of the high-temperature furnace is adjusted to 1790 ℃ after the stub bar falls. The argon gas pipe and the thin prefabricated rod are connected together through the connector with the metal spring piece in the second drawing process, the end face of the optical fiber is observed through an optical microscope, after the whole air holes on the end face of the optical fiber are all formed, the argon gas pipe and the thin prefabricated rod are communicated, the micro-structure optical fiber air holes are prevented from collapsing by keeping the air pressure in the thin prefabricated rod constant, the fiber core is extruded into an oval shape, two air holes similar to panda eyes are formed in the positions adjacent to the fiber core by gradually increasing the air pressure threshold, the diameter of each air hole is 8 mu m, and the diameters of other small air holes are 4 mu m. Under the action of the atmospheric hole, the fiber core is extruded into an ellipse, so that the polarization of the optical fiber is enhanced. The fiber end face is observed by an optical microscope during the drawing process, the rod feeding speed is adjusted to be 1-5mm/min, the drawing speed is adjusted to be 0.5-10m/min, the temperature of the high-temperature furnace is 1760-. The outer diameter of the silver wire panda type microstructure optical fiber is drawn to 125 mu m under the combined action of four drawing parameters of rod feeding speed, traction speed, high temperature furnace temperature and air pressure threshold, and the fiber core size and the silver wire size are reduced to 2-8 mu m, so that the panda type microstructure optical fiber with the elliptic core filled with the silver wire is obtained.
The two ends of the panda-type microstructure fiber with the elliptic core filled with the prepared silver wires are respectively welded with a section of multimode fiber, and the surface plasma resonance phenomenon can be detected by connecting a light source and a spectrometer.
EXAMPLE five
A preparation method of panda type microstructure fiber with elliptic core filled with silver wire comprises the following important steps:
step 1: when the quartz glass capillary tube and the capillary rod are manufactured by drawing through the drawing tower, the lowest end positions of the glass rod and the glass tube loaded on the drawing tower are lower than the central position of a high-temperature furnace, the initial furnace temperature is set to be 2050 ℃, and the furnace temperature is adjusted to 1950 ℃ after a stub falls.
The prepared hollow capillary tube with the outer diameter of 2mm and the solid capillary rod are stacked and bound into a hexagonal structure by adopting a step-type stacking method, and the fiber core is formed by the solid capillary rod with the outer diameter of 2 mm. Two positions adjacent to the fiber core in the horizontal direction are formed by capillaries with the inner diameter of 1.5mm and the outer diameter of 2mm, and other positions are formed by capillaries with the inner diameter of 1.4mm and the outer diameter of 2 mm. And a silver wire with the diameter of 1mm is inserted into the capillary tube with the vertical direction of the connecting line of the second layer and the fiber core, the purity of the silver wire is 99.9 percent, so that a silver wire filling structure is formed, and one end of the silver wire filling capillary tube is melted by using hydrogen and oxygen flame.
Step 2: the distributed hexagonal structures are arranged in a glass sleeve with the outer diameter of 20mm and the inner diameter of 14mm, a gap between the hexagonal structures and the glass sleeve is filled with a solid capillary rod with the diameter of 200 plus 500 mu m to form a prefabricated rod with the length of 300mm, and an oxyhydrogen flame is used for welding a tail handle of the glass sleeve with the length of 250mm, the outer diameter of 20mm and the inner diameter of 14mm at the end of the silver-filled capillary tube which is not welded to form the long prefabricated rod. And (3) putting the long preform rod after the tail handle is welded into a temperature control box, setting the heating temperature of the temperature control box to be 120 ℃, and removing the water vapor in the preform rod.
And step 3: and loading the prepared preform rod on a drawing tower, setting the temperature of the high-temperature furnace to 1930 ℃ initially, and adjusting the temperature of the high-temperature furnace to 1800 ℃ after a stub bar falls off. Then, the rough preform with the outer diameter of 20mm is drawn into a fine preform with the outer diameter of 3.1mm by adjusting three drawing parameters of the high temperature furnace temperature, the rod feeding speed and the drawing speed.
And 4, step 4: and (4) sleeving the thin preform rod on a glass outer sleeve with the inner diameter of 3.2mm and the outer diameter of 12mm, and then loading the glass outer sleeve on the wire drawing tower again for second drawing. The initial temperature of the high temperature furnace during the second drawing is 1950 ℃, and the temperature of the high temperature furnace is adjusted to 1810 ℃ after the stub falls.
And after the optical fiber microstructure integrally appears, the argon gas pipe and the thin preform are connected together through the connector with the spring piece. And opening the gas pressure maintaining device, and regulating and controlling the air pressure threshold value to prevent the inner air holes of the fine prefabricated rod from collapsing.
And 5: and observing the end face of the optical fiber microstructure in real time through an optical microscope, gradually increasing the air pressure threshold value, eliminating a gap between the thin preform and the outer sleeve, and enabling two large air holes to appear at positions adjacent to the fiber core to form a panda-shaped structure, wherein the diameter of each large air hole is 12 micrometers, and the diameter of each small air hole is 6 micrometers. The fiber core is extruded through the atmospheric hole to be in an ellipse-like shape.
Step 6: observing the end face of the optical fiber through an optical microscope, and adjusting four drawing parameters of high-temperature furnace temperature, air pressure threshold, rod feeding speed and traction speed, wherein the regulation range of the rod feeding speed is 1-5mm/min, the regulation range of the traction speed is 0.5-10m/min, the regulation range of the high-temperature furnace temperature is 1760-1810 ℃, and the regulation range of the air pressure threshold is 1-13kPa, finally drawing the outer diameter size of the microstructure optical fiber to a standard size, and reducing the size of the fiber core and the size of the silver wire to the expected required size.
And 7: and (3) respectively welding one section of multimode fiber at two ends of the prepared panda-type microstructure fiber with the oval core filled with the silver wire by using a welding machine, and spontaneously generating a surface plasma resonance phenomenon after light emitted by a light source enters the panda-type microstructure fiber with the oval core filled with the silver wire.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a panda-type microstructure optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: filling in
Filling a silver wire into a capillary tube with one closed end to obtain a filled silver wire capillary tube;
step 2: pile-up binding
According to the size and the structure of the designed panda-type microstructure optical fiber with the elliptic core filled with the silver wires, a step-type stacking and binding method is adopted, a capillary rod, a capillary tube filled with the silver wires and capillary tubes with different inner diameters are stacked and bound to form a prefabricated rod, the prefabricated rod is welded with a tail handle, and then the prefabricated rod is dried to remove water vapor in the prefabricated rod;
the integral structure of the preform is hexagonal, the central position of the preform is a solid capillary rod serving as a fiber core, two capillaries which are in mirror symmetry are capillaries with larger inner diameters in a first layer of cladding, and the other capillaries with smaller inner diameters are in the first layer of cladding; in the second layer of cladding, a capillary tube with a smaller inner diameter is adopted, a connecting line of the centers of the capillary tubes with the larger inner diameter is used as a horizontal direction, and a capillary tube filled with silver wires is arranged on a vertical line which is vertical to the connecting line and passes through the center of the fiber core; in the third layer of cladding, a capillary tube with a smaller inner diameter is adopted, the second layer of cladding is 1-2cm shorter than the first layer of cladding, the third layer of cladding is 1-2cm shorter than the second layer of cladding, and the rest is done in sequence until the whole fiber core and the cladding are finished to obtain a hexagonal structure, the hexagonal structure is arranged in a glass sleeve with a matched inner diameter, and a space between the hexagonal structure and the glass sleeve is filled with a fine solid capillary rod to obtain a prefabricated rod; wherein the outer diameter of the capillary with larger inner diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the capillary with smaller inner diameter, and the inner diameter of the capillary with larger inner diameter is 0.1-1.2mm larger than the inner diameter of the capillary with smaller inner diameter;
and step 3: drawing (D)
Performing primary drawing on the prefabricated rod with the water vapor removed, setting the initial temperature of the high-temperature furnace to 1930-; drawing the rough preform with the outer diameter of 20mm into a fine preform with the outer diameter of 3.0-5.5mm by adjusting the traction speed, the rod feeding speed and the temperature of a high-temperature furnace;
and placing the thin preform in a limiting glass outer sleeve, performing second drawing, observing the optical end face through an optical microscope in the second drawing process, after all air holes of the optical fiber end face appear, switching on an argon gas pipe for regulating and controlling the air pressure in the thin preform, regulating and controlling the air pressure, observing the condition of the optical end face in real time, regulating the rod feeding speed to be 1-5mm/min, the traction speed to be 0.5-10m/min, the high-temperature furnace temperature to be 1760 and 1810 ℃, and the air pressure threshold to be 1-13KPa, forming a capillary tube with a larger inner diameter into an air hole, extruding the fiber core into an oval shape, and obtaining the panda type microstructure optical fiber with the oval core filled with silver wires.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the panda-type microstructure fiber with the elliptic core filled with silver wires is prepared by drawing a capillary tube and a capillary rod through a glass tube and a glass rod, wherein the glass tube and the glass rod are loaded on a drawing tower, the lowest end position of the glass rod and the glass tube is lower than the central position of a high temperature furnace, the temperature of the high temperature furnace is initially set at 2000-1950 ℃, and the temperature of the furnace is adjusted to 1900-1950 ℃ after a stub falls.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, before drawing, a glass tube is fused to the open end of the capillary tube filled with silver wires in the preform to serve as a tail handle, and then the glass tube is placed in a 100-200 ℃ temperature control box to remove water vapor from the preform.
4. The method for preparing panda-type micro-structured optical fiber having elliptic core filled with silver wire according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, in the second drawing, the thin preform having outer diameter of 3.0-5.5mm is loaded into a position-limited glass outer sleeve having inner diameter of + (0.05-0.1) mm larger than the outer diameter of the thin preform and outer diameter of 12mm to obtain a new preform; when loading a new preform, clamping a limiting glass outer sleeve of the new preform by using a triangular claw on a drawing tower; during the second drawing, the initial temperature of the high temperature furnace is set to 1930-.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the thin preform is communicated with an argon gas pipe, and a gas pressure maintaining device is disposed on the argon gas pipe to control the air pressure in the thin preform, wherein the thin preform is communicated with the argon gas pipe via a connector.
6. The method for preparing the panda-type microstructure optical fiber with the oval core filled with silver wires according to claim 5, wherein the gas pressure maintaining device comprises a communication control module, a PLC controller, a pressure controller, an electromagnetic valve, and a gas pressure threshold display screen;
the communication control module is electrically connected with a main control console of the optical fiber drawing tower, the signal output end of the communication control module is connected with the signal receiving end of the PLC, an air pressure threshold display screen is arranged on the PLC, the signal receiving end of the PLC is also connected with the signal output end of the pressure controller, and the PLC is also connected with an electromagnetic valve for controlling the opening and closing of the air inlet and outlet;
the optical fiber drawing tower main control console is used for setting four drawing parameters of high temperature furnace temperature, rod feeding speed, traction speed and air pressure threshold in the microstructure optical fiber preparation process;
the communication control module is used for receiving a communication signal instruction of the main control console of the optical fiber drawing tower and transmitting the signal instruction to the PLC;
the pressure controller detects the pressure in real time and transmits the detected pressure value to the PLC;
and the PLC is used for displaying the air pressure threshold transmitted by the communication module through the air pressure threshold display screen, and comparing the pressure of the air pressure threshold with the pressure detected by the pressure controller, so that the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve are controlled by a transmission signal.
7. The method for preparing a panda-type microstructure optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, in the drawing process, the temperature of the high temperature furnace is controlled to decrease first and then increase to present a concave shape, the temperature variation range of the high temperature furnace is 1-2 ℃/min, the air pressure threshold is controlled to increase first and then decrease to present an convex shape, the variation range of the air pressure threshold is 0.3-0.5KPa/min, the control process of the rod feeding speed is gradually decreased, the variation range of the rod feeding speed is 0.2-0.5mm/min, the control process of the pulling speed is gradually increased, and the variation range of the pulling speed is 0.5-1 m/min.
8. A panda-type micro-structured optical fiber having an elliptical core filled with silver wires, characterized by being produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The panda-type microstructure optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires according to claim 8, wherein the core of the panda-type microstructure optical fiber with an oval core filled with silver wires is extruded into an oval shape, the minor axis length of the oval is 2-4 μm, the major axis length is 6-8 μm, the diameter of the large air hole is 7-12 μm, the diameter of other small air holes is 2-6 μm, and the size of the silver wires is 2-8 μm.
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