CN111972198A - Hanging cabin for spraying cloud catalyst and control method thereof - Google Patents
Hanging cabin for spraying cloud catalyst and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111972198A CN111972198A CN202010707524.XA CN202010707524A CN111972198A CN 111972198 A CN111972198 A CN 111972198A CN 202010707524 A CN202010707524 A CN 202010707524A CN 111972198 A CN111972198 A CN 111972198A
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- catalyst
- gas
- cabin
- storage cabin
- electromagnetic valve
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 56
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G15/00—Devices or methods for influencing weather conditions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D1/00—Dropping, ejecting, releasing, or receiving articles, liquids, or the like, in flight
- B64D1/16—Dropping or releasing powdered, liquid, or gaseous matter, e.g. for fire-fighting
- B64D1/18—Dropping or releasing powdered, liquid, or gaseous matter, e.g. for fire-fighting by spraying, e.g. insecticides
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hanging cabin for cloud and mist catalyst scattering and a control method thereof. The outer hanging frame comprises a framework, a fairing, an onboard outer hanging connector and an aviation electric connector; the catalyst storage cabin comprises a filling port, an outlet and a vibrator; the spreading device comprises a catalyst storage cabin connecting port, a servo motor, a catalyst conveying device and a high-purity gas protection outlet; the protective gas conveying device comprises a composite gas cylinder, a valve, an electromagnetic valve, a pressure transmitter and a pipeline; the specific control method comprises the following steps: starting up, gas protection, catalyst control and spreading, and stopping. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of solving the defects that the existing spreader can not operate progressively under severe conditions, can not operate at ultra-low altitude, can not accurately control the spreading dosage of the catalyst and can not absorb moisture and block the catalyst outlet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial weather influence, in particular to a hanging cabin for spraying a cloud catalyst and a control method thereof.
Background
A hanging cabin for spreading a cloud and mist catalyst is equipment for artificially influencing weather, and the equipment is used for operations such as artificial precipitation, artificial cloud elimination, artificial mist elimination and the like in arid areas, forest fire areas or other key areas, so that disaster loss is reduced or eliminated.
The prior artificial rain enhancement and artificial cloud elimination operations mostly adopt a method of spreading a catalyst or exploding, and the method of spreading the catalyst mainly adopts airplane spreading or rocket projectile spreading. Fog generation is dangerous and difficult to eliminate fog on the near-ground, fog elimination is only adopted at a few airports at present, and manual fog elimination lacks of technical means.
A hygroscopicity dry powder scattering device for aviation is disclosed in the current Chinese patent, which is characterized in that: CN201721615080.7 is a dry powder injection device installed on a piloted plane, and the airborne and injection structure of the dry powder injection device is designed. At present, no research and report in the aspects of sowing equipment and control using unmanned aerial vehicles for mounting and also taking account of manned aircraft outboard mounting is available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects of the prior art, providing a hanging cabin for spreading cloud and fog catalysts and a control method thereof, and providing equipment for spreading artificial precipitation, artificial cloud elimination and artificial fog elimination catalysts which are hung by an unmanned aerial vehicle and hung outside a manned aircraft cabin and a control method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a string cabin for cloud and mist catalyst is scattered, is including installing the stores pylon on unmanned aerial vehicle, be equipped with catalyst storage cabin, scatter the device, protective gas conveyor and control system in the stores pylon, the stores pylon includes skeleton, radome fairing, airborne plug-in connector, aviation electric connector, air current duct, the skeleton is fixed to be set up inside the radome fairing, the skeleton link up radome fairing one side and is provided with airborne plug-in connector, the air current duct sets up the bottom in the radome fairing, aviation electric connector passes through the power cord, the data line is connected string cabin and unmanned aerial vehicle, scatter the device including the connector, servo motor, catalyst conveyer, the high-purity gas protection export of connecting catalyst storage cabin, protective gas conveyor includes compound gas cylinder, valve, gas solenoid valve, vibrates solenoid valve, pressure transmitter, The pipeline, pylon fixed mounting unmanned aerial vehicle cabin outside, the equal fixed mounting of catalyst storage cabin, scattering device, protective gas conveyor and control system reduces the air resistance in the flight at the pylon inner wall.
Furthermore, the catalyst storage cabin is fixedly arranged above the framework, a top filling port of a flange sealing end cover is arranged on one side of the catalyst storage cabin, an oscillator is arranged below the catalyst storage cabin and used for vibrating and pushing a catalyst, the oscillator is connected with the control system through an oscillation electromagnetic valve, a catalyst storage cabin outlet is arranged on the lower portion of one end, opposite to the top filling port, of the oscillator in a flange sealing connection mode, and the catalyst storage cabin is used for storing a cloud catalyst and keeping the catalyst dry.
Further, scatter the device and install in skeleton below left side, include the connector with catalyst storage cabin export sealing connection, scatter device one end installation servo motor, catalyst conveyer adopts the transport flood dragon, sealed and the one end in catalyst conveyer both ends is passed through the hub connection ware and is connected with servo motor, and the other end lower part is equipped with high-purity gas protection export and air current duct intercommunication for the water conservancy diversion goes out the catalyst, controls catalyst outflow speed, adjusts catalyst scattering speed, and the protection catalyst does not agglomerate in the exit and blocks up the export.
Furthermore, protective gas conveying device installs in skeleton below right side, includes the compound gas cylinder that sets up side by side with the device of scattering, compound gas cylinder bottleneck is equipped with the valve, install pressure transmitter, gas solenoid valve and vibrate the solenoid valve on the pipeline in proper order, pipeline intercommunication compound gas cylinder and high-purity gas protection export for store dry high-purity inert gas, control gas flow rate, the break-make of gas flow.
Further, the control system is installed at the lower part of the front end of the catalyst storage cabin and located above the airflow duct, and comprises a servo unit and a control circuit, wherein the control circuit is used for controlling the sowing start and stop, controlling the rotating speed of a servo motor, controlling the start and stop of a gas electromagnetic valve and a vibration electromagnetic valve, and receiving a feedback signal of a pressure transmitter; the servo unit is used for receiving the control information sent by the control circuit to control the rotating speed of the servo motor to realize quantitative catalyst spreading, and returning the rotating speed information to the control circuit to realize closed-loop control.
A hanging cabin control method for cloud catalyst spreading comprises the following operation steps:
step one, starting up:
i, opening a gas electromagnetic valve; II. Opening a high-purity gas protection outlet;
step two, sowing:
I. starting a catalyst conveying device; II. Inputting a rotating speed parameter of a servo motor, and adjusting the catalyst spreading amount; III, automatically opening a vibration electromagnetic valve for vibrating catalyst powder according to a set time in a short time;
step three, stopping the machine:
after the sowing task is finished, the following operations are carried out according to the regulations, and I, a catalyst conveying device is closed; II. Closing the high-purity gas protection outlet; and III, closing the gas electromagnetic valve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention uses the unmanned aerial vehicle to carry and takes account of the equipment for spreading the artificial rainfall enhancement, artificial cloud elimination and artificial fog elimination catalysts carried by the manned aircraft cabin and the control method thereof, and solves the defects that the existing equipment can not carry out cloud layer operation under severe meteorological conditions, can not carry out ultra-low altitude flight operation, can not accurately control the catalyst spreading amount and the catalyst outlet is easy to absorb moisture and block.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the interior of the present invention in the front view direction.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the internal structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view schematically illustrating the overall structure of the present invention.
As shown in the figure: 1. the device comprises a pylon, 2, a framework, 3, a fairing, 4, an onboard plug-in connector, 5, an aviation electric connector, 6, an airflow duct, 7, a catalyst storage cabin, 8, a connecting port, 9, a servo motor, 10, a catalyst conveying device, 11, a high-purity gas protection outlet, 12, a composite gas cylinder, 13, a valve, 15, a gas electromagnetic valve, 16, a vibration electromagnetic valve, 17, a pressure transmitter, 18, a pipeline, 19, a control system, 20, a top filling port, 21, a vibrator, 22 and a catalyst storage cabin outlet.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, the term "comprises" and any variations thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A hanging cabin for spraying a cloud catalyst is characterized in that: the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a pylon 1 installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein a catalyst storage cabin 7, a sowing device, a protective gas conveying device and a control system 19 are arranged in the pylon 1, the pylon 1 comprises a framework 2, a fairing 3, an airborne external connector 4, an aviation electric connector 5 and an airflow duct 6, the framework 2 is fixedly arranged inside the fairing 3, the framework 2 penetrates through one side of the fairing 3 and is provided with the airborne external connector 4, the airflow duct 6 is arranged at the bottom in the fairing 3, the aviation electric connector 5 connects the pylon with the unmanned aerial vehicle through a power line and a data line, the sowing device comprises a connecting port 8 for connecting the catalyst storage cabin 7, a servo motor 9, a catalyst conveying device 10 and a high-purity gas protection outlet 11, and the protective gas conveying device comprises a composite electromagnetic valve 12, a valve 13, a gas 15, a gas cylinder 12, a valve 13 and a, Vibrate solenoid valve 16, pressure transmitter 17, pipeline 18, the outer side of pylon 1 fixed mounting unmanned aerial vehicle cabin, catalyst storage tank 7, the device of scattering, protective gas conveyor and control system 19 are all fixed mounting at the inner wall of pylon 1, catalyst storage tank 7 is installed and is fixed in the top of skeleton 2, catalyst storage tank 7 one side is equipped with the top filler 20 of flange seal end cover, below installation oscillator 21 is used for vibration and propelling catalyst, oscillator 21 passes through vibration solenoid valve 16 and connects control system 19, with the flange sealing connection of the opposite end of top filler 20 is equipped with catalyst storage tank export 22, scatter the device and install in skeleton 2 below left side, include the connector 8 with catalyst storage tank export 22 sealing connection, scatter device one end installation servo motor 9, catalyst conveyer 10 adopts the transport flood dragon, the two ends of the catalyst conveying device 10 are sealed, one end of the catalyst conveying device is connected with the servo motor 9 through a shaft connector, the lower part of the other end of the catalyst conveying device is provided with a high-purity gas protection outlet 11 which is communicated with the gas flow duct 6, the protective gas conveying device is arranged on the right side below the framework 2 and comprises a composite gas bottle 12 arranged in parallel with the sowing device, a valve 13 is arranged at the mouth of the composite gas cylinder 12, a pressure transmitter 17, a gas electromagnetic valve 15 and a vibration electromagnetic valve 16 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline 18, the pipeline 18 is communicated with the composite gas cylinder 12 and the high-purity gas protection outlet 11, the control system 19 is arranged at the lower part of the front end of the catalyst storage cabin 7 and is positioned above the gas flow duct 6, and comprises a servo unit and a control circuit, the control circuit is used for controlling the sowing start and stop, controlling the rotating speed of the servo motor, controlling the start and stop of the gas electromagnetic valve 15 and the oscillation electromagnetic valve 16 and receiving a feedback signal of the pressure transmitter 17; the servo unit is used for receiving the control information sent by the control circuit to control the rotating speed of the servo motor 9 to realize quantitative catalyst scattering, returning the rotating speed information to the control circuit to realize closed-loop control, and is used for controlling the scattering, adjusting the scattering speed and controlling the conveying of the protective gas.
Specifically, including setting up pylon 1 on unmanned aerial vehicle, be equipped with catalyst storage tank 7, the device of scattering, protective gas conveyor and control system 19 on the pylon 1. The external hanging rack 1 comprises a framework 2, a fairing 3, an onboard external hanging connector 4 and an aviation electric connector 5; the power supply, the control signal and the feedback signal are connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle through the aviation electric connector 5; the catalyst storage cabin 7 comprises a filling port, an outlet and a vibrator 21; the oscillator 21 plays a role in vibrating and pushing the catalyst, and the electromagnetic valve 16 controls the oscillator 21 to work; the spreading device comprises a catalyst storage cabin 7 connecting port 8, a servo motor 9, a catalyst conveying device 10 and a high-purity gas protection outlet 11; the protective gas conveying device comprises a composite gas cylinder 12, a valve 13, a gas electromagnetic valve 15, a pressure transmitter 17 and a pipeline 18; the method comprises the following specific control steps of 1, starting up, 2, protecting gas, 3, controlling catalyst spreading, 4 and stopping.
Preferably, the pylon 1 includes skeleton 2, radome fairing 3, airborne external connector 4, aviation electric connector 5, air current duct 6, airborne external connector 4 and unmanned aerial vehicle or manned aircraft fixed connection, aviation electric connector 5 is connected with power and control scheme that unmanned aerial vehicle or manned aircraft provided, skeleton 2 is used for installing fixed catalyst storage cabin 7, scatters the device, protective gas conveyor and control system 19, radome fairing 3 reduces the air resistance in flight, air current duct 6 is used for the catalyst of rapid diffusion broadcast.
Preferably, the catalyst storage cabin 7 is installed on the upper layer of the framework 2, a flange sealing end cover is arranged on a filling port 20 at the top end, an oscillator 21 is installed below the filling port, an outlet is arranged at the lower part of the other end of the filling port in a flange sealing connection design, and the catalyst storage cabin 7 is used for storing the catalyst in a sealing mode.
Preferably, the spreading device is arranged on the lower layer of the framework 2 and comprises a catalyst storage cabin 7 connecting port 8 and a catalyst storage cabin 7, the servo motor 9 is installed at the top end of the spreading device, two ends of the catalyst conveying device 10 are sealed and are connected with the servo motor 9, a high-purity gas protection outlet 11 is arranged at the lower part of one end opposite to the top end of the spreading device and is used for controlling the spreading amount of the catalyst, the catalyst is in a sealed environment and is protected by high-purity anhydrous gas before being separated from the outlet, and the phenomenon that the catalyst is blocked by moisture absorption and agglomeration is avoided.
Preferably, the protective gas conveying device comprises a composite gas cylinder 12 and a spreading device which are arranged in parallel, a valve 13 is arranged at the opening of the composite gas cylinder, and a gas electromagnetic valve 15 and a pressure transmitter 17 are arranged on a pipeline 18 and used for providing high-purity anhydrous gas for equipment and ensuring that the catalyst does not absorb moisture and agglomerate before being spread.
The method for controlling the hanging cabin for spraying the cloud catalyst comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: starting up
The following operations are carried out according to the regulations:
I. opening the electromagnetic valve 15;
II. Opening a high-purity gas protection outlet 11;
III, starting the catalyst conveying device 10;
step two: adjusting the speed of sowing
Inputting the rotating speed parameter of the servo motor, adjusting the catalyst spreading dosage, and automatically opening the electromagnetic valve 16 according to the set time in a short time to vibrate the catalyst powder.
Step three: shutdown
The sowing task is finished according to the following operations:
I. shutting down the catalyst transfer device 10;
II. Closing the high-purity gas protection outlet 11;
and III, closing the electromagnetic valve 15.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and the drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A hanging cabin for spraying a cloud catalyst is characterized in that: including installing pylon (1) on unmanned aerial vehicle, be equipped with catalyst storage cabin (7), broadcast device, protective gas conveyor and control system (19) in pylon (1), pylon (1) includes skeleton (2), radome fairing (3), machine carries external connector (4), aviation electric connector (5), air current duct (6), skeleton (2) are fixed to be set up inside radome fairing (3), skeleton (2) link up radome fairing (3) one side and are provided with machine and carry external connector (4), air current duct (6) set up bottom in radome fairing (3), aviation electric connector (5) are connected with nacelle and unmanned aerial vehicle through power cord, data line, broadcast device including connector (8), servo motor (9), catalyst conveyer (10) of connecting catalyst storage cabin (7), catalyst delivery device (10), High-purity gas protects export (11), protective gas conveyor includes compound gas cylinder (12), valve (13), gas solenoid valve (15), vibrates solenoid valve (16), pressure transmitter (17), pipeline (18), pylon (1) fixed mounting unmanned aerial vehicle cabin outside, equal fixed mounting in pylon (1) inner wall of catalyst storage cabin (7), scattering device, protective gas conveyor and control system (19).
2. The hanging chamber for cloud catalyst seeding of claim 1, wherein: the catalyst storage cabin (7) is fixedly arranged above the framework (2), a top filling port (20) of a flange sealing end cover is arranged on one side of the catalyst storage cabin (7), an oscillator (21) is arranged below the catalyst storage cabin and used for vibrating and pushing a catalyst, the oscillator (21) is connected with a control system (19) through an oscillation electromagnetic valve (16), and a catalyst storage cabin outlet (22) is arranged at the lower part of one end, opposite to the top filling port (20), of the flange in a sealing connection mode.
3. A capsule for cloud catalyst seeding according to claim 2, wherein: the device of scattering installs in skeleton (2) below left side, include connector (8) with catalyst storage cabin export (22) sealing connection, scatter device one end installation servo motor (9), catalyst conveyer (10) adopt and carry the flood dragon, catalyst conveyer (10) both ends are sealed and one end is passed through the hub connection ware and is connected with servo motor (9), and the other end lower part is equipped with high-purity gas protection export (11) and air current duct (6) intercommunication.
4. A capsule for cloud catalyst seeding according to claim 3, wherein: the protective gas conveying device is arranged on the right side below the framework (2) and comprises a composite gas cylinder (12) arranged in parallel with a spreading device, a valve (13) is arranged at the opening of the composite gas cylinder (12), a pressure transmitter (17), a gas electromagnetic valve (15) and a vibration electromagnetic valve (16) are sequentially arranged on a pipeline (18), and the pipeline (18) is communicated with the composite gas cylinder (12) and a high-purity gas protective outlet (11).
5. The pod for cloud catalyst seeding of claim 4, wherein: the control system (19) is arranged at the lower part of the front end of the catalyst storage cabin (7) and above the airflow duct (6), and comprises a servo unit and a control circuit, wherein the control circuit is used for controlling the sowing start-stop, controlling the rotating speed of a servo motor, controlling the start-stop of a gas electromagnetic valve (15) and a vibration electromagnetic valve (16) and receiving a feedback signal of a pressure transmitter (17); the servo unit is used for receiving the control information sent by the control circuit to control the rotating speed of the servo motor (9) to realize quantitative catalyst spreading, and returning the rotating speed information to the control circuit to realize closed-loop control.
6. A hanging cabin control method for cloud catalyst scattering is characterized in that the method for controlling the hanging cabin for the cloud catalyst scattering comprises the following operation steps:
step one, starting up:
i, opening a gas electromagnetic valve (15); II. Opening a high-purity gas protection outlet (11); step two, sowing:
I. opening the catalyst transfer device (10); II. Inputting a rotating speed parameter of a servo motor, and adjusting the catalyst spreading amount;
III, automatically opening a vibration electromagnetic valve (16) for a short time according to set time to vibrate the catalyst powder; step three, stopping the machine:
the spreading task is finished according to the specification, and I, the catalyst conveying device (10) is closed; II. Closing the high-purity gas protection outlet (11); and III, closing the gas electromagnetic valve (15).
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202010707524.XA CN111972198A (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Hanging cabin for spraying cloud catalyst and control method thereof |
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CN202010707524.XA CN111972198A (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Hanging cabin for spraying cloud catalyst and control method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112889563A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-06-04 | 陕西中天火箭技术股份有限公司 | Catalyst scattering device for airplane fog dissipation operation |
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CN212368023U (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2021-01-19 | 北京应用气象研究所 | Hanging cabin for spraying cloud catalyst |
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Patent Citations (7)
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US20080035750A1 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2008-02-14 | Aylor Robert B | Reduction of cyclonic wind damage |
CN102160508A (en) * | 2010-02-24 | 2011-08-24 | 王培良 | Weather rainfall planting catalyst device |
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