CN111969400B - High power fiber laser system - Google Patents

High power fiber laser system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111969400B
CN111969400B CN202010874848.2A CN202010874848A CN111969400B CN 111969400 B CN111969400 B CN 111969400B CN 202010874848 A CN202010874848 A CN 202010874848A CN 111969400 B CN111969400 B CN 111969400B
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optical fiber
laser
mode
fiber
radio
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CN111969400A (en
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黄良金
陈潇
范晨晨
安毅
李阳
姚天甫
杨欢
许将明
肖虎
冷进勇
潘志勇
周朴
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08018—Mode suppression
    • H01S3/0804—Transverse or lateral modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
    • H01S3/1301—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude in optical amplifiers

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The high-power optical fiber laser system comprises a seed source and an optical fiber amplifier, wherein an optical fiber acoustic grating is arranged between the seed source and the optical fiber amplifier. The frequency of a radio-frequency signal sent by a radio-frequency signal source in the optical fiber acoustic grating is adjusted to regulate and control the output mode of the system, so that the inhibition of transverse mode instability is realized. The invention applies the optical fiber acoustic grating to the inhibition of the transverse mode instability of the high-power optical fiber laser, can realize the improvement of the transverse mode instability threshold value and the optimization of the output beam quality after the transverse mode instability occurs. Meanwhile, the scheme not only realizes full optical fiber of the system, but also greatly reduces the complexity of the system.

Description

High power fiber laser system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber lasers, and particularly relates to a high-power fiber laser system.
Background
The fiber laser is a laser taking an optical fiber as a gain medium, and has the outstanding advantages of high efficiency, compact structure, maintenance-free property, convenience in heat management, good beam quality and the like compared with other types of lasers. As High-Power Fiber lasers (HPFLs) have become mature, they have begun to be widely used in medical, industrial processing, national defense and other fields. It should be noted that the high-power fiber laser with high beam quality has great application prospect in laser cutting, directional energy weapons, etc., and the requirement of these applications for high beam quality HPFL output power is continuously increasing.
The nonlinear effect of the fiber is considered to be one of the major constraints limiting the power boost of the high beam quality HPFL. The mode field area is increased by increasing the diameter of the fiber core, namely, the large mode field fiber is adopted, so that the nonlinear effect can be effectively inhibited. Current kilowatt output HPFLs are based on large mode field fibers. Increasing the core diameter of a large mode field fiber in order to increase the nonlinear threshold will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of modes in the core. When the output power of the HPFL reaches a certain level, the output spot of the HPFL will fluctuate dramatically, the quality of the light beam deteriorates sharply, and even the output power may be reduced, which is a so-called Transverse Mode Instability (TMI) phenomenon. TMI is considered to be another major limiting factor limiting the power boost of the high beam quality HPFL, since the beam quality of the system deteriorates drastically after the occurrence of Transverse Mode Instability (TMI). Furthermore, the threshold of TMI decreases with increasing core size, and increasing the core diameter to suppress nonlinear effects will likely lower the threshold of TMI. A number of published experimental results indicate that the threshold for TMI is below the threshold for nonlinear effects. Therefore, to further increase the power level of the high beam quality HPFL, it is imperative to overcome the difficult problem of TMI suppression.
The root cause of TMI in HPFL is thermal effects in the gain fiber. Since the large mode field fiber core can support multiple eigenmodes, when seed light is injected into the gain fiber, although the main energy is concentrated in the fundamental mode, excitation of a small number of higher-order modes is unavoidable. In addition, interference of the fundamental mode and the high-order mode forms a periodic light intensity distribution in the longitudinal direction of the fiber core. When the pump light is injected and the signal light starts to be amplified, the doped region in the fiber core can form periodic pump light extraction, correspondingly, the thermal load distribution generated by quantum defect is also quasi-periodically oscillated, and finally, a periodic temperature distribution is formed. Due to the thermo-optic effect, the quasi-periodic temperature profile in the core modulates the refractive index profile in the core, forming a long period refractive index grating. The fundamental mode and the higher order mode in such a thermoreversible index grating are likely to generate dynamic energy coupling once the phase matching condition is satisfied.
In combination with the above-mentioned TMI generation mechanism, the common TMI suppression method can be summarized as increasing the high-order mode loss, increasing the gain saturation, and reducing the thermal effect. These suppression methods essentially weaken the strength of the thermoresistive index grating, and the TMI threshold can be increased to some extent, but the beam quality degradation of the system is not improved when the HPFL output power exceeds the TMI threshold.
Otto et al, H.J. Otto et al, university of Jena, Germany, have proposed controlling the TMI by dynamically exciting the seed optical mode component of the main amplifier with an Acousto-Optic Deflector (AOD). The photoelectric detector is used for sampling and detecting the central energy of the light spot output by the amplifier to represent the fluctuation degree of the light spot, and then the signal is input to the control circuit to be used as feedback, and the control circuit realizes closed-loop control on the AOD. The feasibility of a TMI suppression method based on dynamic regulation and control is verified for the first time, stable control of light spots under a TMI threshold value of 3 times is finally achieved, and the light beam quality and the light beam pointing stability are remarkably improved. However, such AODs are only suitable for spatial structure HPFLs, and cannot be applied to all-fiber structure HPFLs commonly used in industrial processing and defense fields.
In 2016, Montoya et al, Lincoln laboratories, Massachusetts institute of technology, USA, creatively used the output of photon lantern as the seed of amplifier, successfully achieved the effective suppression of TMI in all-fiber HPFL through dynamic regulation. The control of the amplification-level seed light mode components can be realized by regulating and controlling the optical path, phase, polarization and amplitude of the light field in the 3 input single-mode fibers of the photon lantern, similar to the experiment scheme of Yana university based on AOD, the detection signal of the photoelectric detector to the light spot center area is input to the control unit as feedback, and the optical path, phase, polarization and amplitude of the light field in the 3 input single-mode fibers of the photon lantern are further controlled in a closed-loop manner by utilizing an optimization algorithm. They finally achieve stable control of the spot at 1.5 times the TMI threshold (limited by the available pump power). However, the system is complex, the manufacturing process of the photon lantern is complex, the power which can be borne by the photon lantern is limited, and the experiment only verifies the input power of 10W, so that the requirement of the HPFL of thousands of watts or even ten thousand watts on the optical power (kilowatt level) of the seeds can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-power optical fiber laser system.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the high-power optical fiber laser system comprises a seed source and an optical fiber amplifier, wherein an optical fiber acoustic grating is arranged between the seed source and the optical fiber amplifier.
The optical fiber acousto-optic grating comprises a few-mode optical fiber, a radio frequency signal source, piezoelectric ceramics and a cone, wherein the few-mode optical fiber is divided into a front section, a middle section and a rear section, a coating layer is stripped from the middle section of the few-mode optical fiber, the radio frequency signal source is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics, the piezoelectric ceramics are provided with the cone, the cone tip of the cone is abutted to the starting end of the middle section of the few-mode optical fiber, the end of the front section of the few-mode optical fiber is used as the input end of the optical fiber acousto-optic grating, and the end of the rear section of the few-mode optical fiber is used as the output end of the optical fiber acousto-optic grating.
The radio frequency signal source sends a radio frequency signal with a set frequency to be loaded to the piezoelectric ceramics, sound waves generated by the piezoelectric ceramics are amplified by a cone attached to the piezoelectric ceramics and are transmitted to the few-mode optical fiber with a coating layer removed through a cone tip, coupling is generated between fiber core modes in the optical fiber, the output mode of the system is regulated and controlled by adjusting the frequency of the radio frequency signal sent by the radio frequency signal source, and accordingly the suppression of transverse mode instability is achieved.
In the working process of a high-power optical fiber laser system, based on a closed-loop control system formed by mode monitoring and optical fiber acoustic grating, stable fundamental mode output is hopefully realized by carrying out dynamic modulation at the frequency of kHz near the working point of the fundamental mode LP01, and further, the effective suppression of TMI is realized. Furthermore, the invention also comprises a sampling unit and a closed-loop control system. The optical fiber amplifier is connected with a sampling unit, the sampling unit samples light beams output by the optical fiber amplifier, converts the collected light signals into electric signals and outputs the electric signals to the closed-loop control system for closed-loop control of the system, and the closed-loop control system generates control signals of the optical fiber acoustic grating, controls the work of the optical fiber acoustic grating and adjusts the frequency of radio-frequency signals sent by the radio-frequency signal source.
As a preferred scheme, the sampling unit of the present invention includes a beam space transmission-attenuation system and a photodetector, the beam space transmission-attenuation system includes a double-lens 4f system and a signal laser attenuation system, the signal laser attenuation system is disposed between two lenses in the double-lens 4f system, the beam space transmission-attenuation system collimates and expands the high-power signal laser output by the fiber amplifier, and attenuates the laser power by using the signal laser attenuation system, the beam output by the beam space transmission-attenuation system is collected by the photodetector and then converted into an electrical signal to be transmitted to a closed-loop control system, so as to extract the control signal of the fiber bragg grating.
Preferably, the seed source is one of a semiconductor laser and a low-power fiber laser, and outputs laser with signal light wavelength.
Preferably, an isolator is further arranged between the seed source and the optical fiber amplifier, and the isolator is an optical isolation device based on the Faraday magneto-optical effect and prevents backward return light possibly generated by the optical fiber amplifier from damaging the seed source.
Preferably, a mode field adapter is arranged between the seed source and the optical fiber amplifier.
As a preferred scheme, the isolator, the mode field adapter, the optical fiber acoustic grating and the optical fiber amplifier are all optical fiber devices, and the all-fiber laser structure which can be flexibly operated and has a simple structure is ensured.
The optical fiber amplifier comprises a semiconductor pump source array, a pump-signal beam combiner and a gain optical fiber, and performs gain amplification on signal laser modulated by an optical fiber acousto-optic grating to generate high-power signal laser output. The gain fiber can be a rare earth ion doped fiber or a Raman fiber which obtains gain through a stimulated Raman scattering effect.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention applies the Fiber-optic acoustic-Induced Fiber Grating (AIFG) to the TMI suppression of the high-power Fiber laser, can realize the improvement of the TMI threshold value and the optimization of the output beam quality after the TMI appears. Meanwhile, the scheme not only realizes full optical fiber of the system, but also greatly reduces the complexity of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fiber Bragg grating according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a high-power fiber laser system, which comprises a seed source 100 and a fiber amplifier 300, wherein a fiber acoustic grating 200 is arranged between the seed source 100 and the fiber amplifier 300.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a fiber acoustic grating 200 is shown. The optical fiber acousto-optic grating comprises a few-mode optical fiber, a radio frequency signal source, piezoelectric ceramics and a cone, wherein the few-mode optical fiber is divided into a front section, a middle section and a rear section, a coating layer is stripped from the middle section of the few-mode optical fiber, the radio frequency signal source is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics, the piezoelectric ceramics is provided with the cone, the cone tip of the cone is abutted to the starting end of the middle section of the few-mode optical fiber, the end of the front section of the few-mode optical fiber is used as the input end of the optical fiber acousto-optic grating, and the end of the rear section of the few-mode optical fiber is used as the output end of the optical fiber acousto-optic grating. The frequency of the radio-frequency signal emitted by the radio-frequency signal source of the optical fiber acoustic optical fiber is adjusted by adjusting the control signal of the radio-frequency signal source. The radio frequency signal source sends out a radio frequency signal with a set frequency to be loaded on the piezoelectric ceramics, sound waves generated by the piezoelectric ceramics are amplified by a cone attached to the piezoelectric ceramics and are transmitted to the few-mode optical fiber with the coating layer stripped through the cone tip, and therefore coupling is generated between fiber core modes in the optical fiber.
Example 2:
the present embodiment provides a high power fiber laser system, which includes a seed source 100, an isolator 700, a mode field adapter 800, a fiber acoustic grating 200, a fiber amplifier 300, a beam space transmission-attenuation system, a photodetector 500, and a closed loop control system 600.
The optical fiber amplifier 300 includes a semiconductor pump source array 301, a pump-signal beam combiner 302, and a gain fiber 303, and performs gain amplification on the signal laser modulated by the fiber bragg grating 200 to generate high-power signal laser output.
The beam space transmission-attenuation system includes a two-lens 4f system and a signal laser attenuation system 403, and the two-lens 4f system includes a 1# lens 401 and a 2# lens 402.
The seed source 100 is a low-power fiber laser, and outputs laser with a signal light wavelength.
The isolator 700 is an optical isolator based on faraday magneto-optical effect, and prevents backward return light possibly generated by the optical fiber amplifier from damaging a seed source.
The mode field adapter 800 has a first port and a second port;
the fiber optic acoustically grating 200 has a first port, a second port, and a third port. Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a fiber acoustic grating 200 is shown. The optical fiber acousto-optic grating comprises a few-mode optical fiber, a radio frequency signal source, piezoelectric ceramics and a cone, wherein the few-mode optical fiber is divided into a front section, a middle section and a rear section, a coating layer is stripped from the middle section of the few-mode optical fiber, the radio frequency signal source is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics, the piezoelectric ceramics is provided with the cone, the cone tip of the cone is abutted to the starting end of the middle section of the few-mode optical fiber, the end of the front section of the few-mode optical fiber is used as the input end of the optical fiber acousto-optic grating, and the end of the rear section of the few-mode optical fiber is used as the output end of the optical fiber acousto-optic grating.
The photodetector 500 has a first port and a second port. The closed loop control system 600 has a first port and a second port. The isolator 700, the mode field adapter 800, the fiber acoustic grating 200 and the fiber amplifier 300 are all fiber devices, and the structure of the all fiber laser which can be flexibly operated and has a simple structure is ensured.
The seed source 100 is connected to an isolator 700 via a single mode fiber; the isolator 700 is connected to a first port of a mode field adapter 800 via a single mode fiber; the second port of the mode field adapter 800 is connected to the first port of the fiber acoustic grating 200; the second port of the fiber acoustic grating 200 is connected to the input end of the fiber amplifier 300; the output end of the optical fiber amplifier 300 outputs amplified signal laser, and the signal laser enters the input end of the beam space transmission-attenuation system through transmission. The beam space transmission-attenuation system comprises a double-lens 4f system and a signal laser attenuation system 403, the signal laser attenuation system 403 is arranged between a 1# lens 401 and a 2# lens 402 in the double-lens 4f system, the high-power signal laser output by the optical fiber amplifier 300 is collimated and expanded by the beam space transmission-attenuation system, the laser power is attenuated by the signal laser attenuation system, and the beam output by the beam space transmission-attenuation system is collected by a photoelectric detector 500 and then converted into an electric signal to be transmitted to a closed-loop control system 600 for extracting a control signal of the optical fiber acoustic grating.
Specifically, the output end of the beam space transmission-attenuation system outputs attenuated laser, and the attenuated laser enters the first port of the photodetector 500 through transmission; a second port of the photodetector 500 is connected to a second port of the closed loop control system 600; the first port of the closed-loop control system 600 is connected to the third port of the fiber bragg grating 200, and the closed-loop control system 600 converts and processes the output signal of the second port of the photodetector 500 to generate a control signal for controlling the fiber bragg grating, so as to control the fiber bragg grating 200 to operate and adjust the frequency of the radio-frequency signal emitted by the radio-frequency signal source of the fiber bragg grating 200.
In the above embodiments, the rf signal source sends an rf signal with a set frequency to load the piezoelectric ceramic, and the acoustic wave generated by the piezoelectric ceramic is amplified by the cone attached to the piezoelectric ceramic and transmitted to the few-mode optical fiber with the coating layer removed through the cone tip, so that coupling occurs between the core modes in the optical fiber. Under the modulation effect of the fiber acoustic grating, the transmission working points of different modes such as LP01 and LP11 are different, and when the frequency of a radio-frequency signal sent by a radio-frequency signal source is gradually close to the transmission working point of a certain mode, the component of the mode in an output light spot of the high-power fiber laser is gradually increased. The output mode of the system is regulated and controlled by regulating the frequency of the radio frequency signal sent by the radio frequency signal source, and the inhibition of the transverse mode instability is further realized. The mode instability is expressed as dynamic coupling of a fundamental mode and a high-order mode in an ms magnitude, and the controllable high dynamic regulation level of the fiber acousto-optic grating can be modulated at the frequency of kHz.
In summary, although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. High power fiber laser system, including seed source and fiber amplifier, characterized by: an optical fiber acoustic grating is arranged between a seed source and an optical fiber amplifier, the optical fiber acoustic grating comprises a few-mode optical fiber, a radio frequency signal source, piezoelectric ceramics and a cone, the few-mode optical fiber is divided into a front section, a middle section and a rear section, wherein a coating layer is stripped from the middle section of the few-mode optical fiber, the radio frequency signal source is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics, the piezoelectric ceramics is provided with the cone, the cone tip of the cone is abutted against the starting end of the middle section of the few-mode optical fiber, the end head of the front section of the few-mode optical fiber is used as the input end of the optical fiber acoustic grating, the end head of the rear section of the few-mode optical fiber is used as the output end of the optical fiber acoustic grating, the radio frequency signal with set frequency is sent by the radio frequency signal source and loaded to the piezoelectric ceramics, sound waves generated by the piezoelectric ceramics are amplified by the cone attached to the piezoelectric ceramics and are transmitted to the few-mode optical fiber from which the coating layer is stripped through the cone tip, so that coupling is generated between fiber core modes in the optical fiber, the suppression of the transverse mode instability is realized by adjusting the frequency of the radio-frequency signal emitted by the radio-frequency signal source to regulate and control the output mode of the system, wherein the frequency of the radio-frequency signal emitted by the radio-frequency signal source is dynamically modulated at the frequency of kHz near the working point of the fundamental mode LP 01.
2. The high power fiber laser system of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a sampling unit and a closed-loop control system; the optical fiber amplifier is connected with a sampling unit, the sampling unit samples light beams output by the optical fiber amplifier, converts the collected light signals into electric signals and outputs the electric signals to the closed-loop control system for closed-loop control of the system, and the closed-loop control system generates control signals of the optical fiber acoustic grating, controls the work of the optical fiber acoustic grating and adjusts the frequency of radio-frequency signals sent by the radio-frequency signal source.
3. The high power fiber laser system of claim 2, wherein: the sampling unit comprises a light beam space transmission-attenuation system and a photoelectric detector, the light beam space transmission-attenuation system comprises a double-lens 4f system and a signal laser attenuation system, the signal laser attenuation system is arranged between two lenses in the double-lens 4f system, the light beam space transmission-attenuation system is used for collimating and expanding high-power signal laser output by the optical fiber amplifier and attenuating laser power by using the signal laser attenuation system, and light beams output by the light beam space transmission-attenuation system are collected by the photoelectric detector and then converted into electric signals to be transmitted to a closed-loop control system for extracting control signals of the optical fiber acoustic grating.
4. The high power fiber laser system of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the seed source is one of a semiconductor laser and a low-power fiber laser and is used for outputting laser with signal light wavelength.
5. The high power fiber laser system of claim 4, wherein: an isolator is further arranged between the seed source and the optical fiber amplifier and is an optical isolator based on Faraday magneto-optical effect.
6. The high power fiber laser system of claim 5, wherein: a mode field adapter is also arranged between the seed source and the optical fiber amplifier.
7. The high power fiber laser system of claim 6, wherein: the isolator, the mode field adapter, the optical fiber acoustic grating and the optical fiber amplifier are all optical fiber devices.
8. The high power fiber laser system of claim 4, wherein: the optical fiber amplifier comprises a semiconductor pumping source array, a pumping-signal beam combiner and a gain optical fiber, and performs gain amplification on signal laser modulated by an optical fiber acousto-optic grating to generate high-power signal laser output.
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CN114094429B (en) * 2021-08-11 2024-08-16 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Laser mode conversion dynamic control system based on stimulated Raman scattering
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CN115313138B (en) * 2022-10-11 2022-12-27 武汉中科锐择光电科技有限公司 System and method for actively inhibiting instability of fiber laser mode
CN115579718B (en) * 2022-12-09 2023-04-07 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 High-power dual-wavelength random distribution feedback Raman fiber laser

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CN108462023B (en) * 2018-05-29 2023-11-21 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 High-power fiber laser amplifier system with high mode instability threshold
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