CN111960651B - Opposed ultrasonic vibration assisted molding device and method - Google Patents
Opposed ultrasonic vibration assisted molding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111960651B CN111960651B CN202010941481.1A CN202010941481A CN111960651B CN 111960651 B CN111960651 B CN 111960651B CN 202010941481 A CN202010941481 A CN 202010941481A CN 111960651 B CN111960651 B CN 111960651B
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
- C03B11/12—Cooling, heating, or insulating the plunger, the mould, or the glass-pressing machine; cooling or heating of the glass in the mould
- C03B11/122—Heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
- C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
- C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
- C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种对向超声振动辅助模压成形装置及方法，由对向超声振动系统，伺服加载系统和电加热棒加热+均热板传热的加热系统组成，可实现对模压过程中上下模具同时施加超声纵振、精确伺服加载和模压温度的实时调节控制。相对于传统模压和单向超声振动模压方法，有效解决了传统模压针对复眼阵列、V槽、矩形槽、金字塔、菲涅尔环等具有尖锐棱角和大深径比等阵列式微结构玻璃元件模压充型不完全、玻璃与模具之间易黏附；仅对上模具施加超声振动的超声振动模压无法改变玻璃元件与下模具之间的黏附与流动性能，造成上下接触型面的摩擦系数不同，并导致成型时玻璃元件的上部和下部流动状况产生差异，带来应力、应变及面型精度的差异等技术难题。
The present invention discloses a device and method for assisting in molding with opposing ultrasonic vibrations, which consists of an opposing ultrasonic vibration system, a servo loading system, and a heating system of electric heating rod heating + heat transfer by a heat spreader, and can realize simultaneous application of ultrasonic longitudinal vibration, precise servo loading, and real-time adjustment and control of molding temperature to upper and lower molds during molding. Compared with traditional molding and unidirectional ultrasonic vibration molding methods, the present invention effectively solves the problems of incomplete molding and easy adhesion between glass and mold for array-type microstructure glass elements with sharp edges and large depth-to-diameter ratios such as compound eye arrays, V-grooves, rectangular grooves, pyramids, and Fresnel rings; ultrasonic vibration molding that only applies ultrasonic vibrations to the upper mold cannot change the adhesion and flow properties between the glass element and the lower mold, resulting in different friction coefficients of the upper and lower contact surfaces, and leading to differences in the flow conditions of the upper and lower parts of the glass element during molding, resulting in differences in stress, strain, and surface accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of micro-structure glass optical element compression molding, in particular to a device and a method for improving the compression molding filling rate and the demolding performance of a micro-structure glass optical element by using opposite ultrasonic vibration auxiliary compression molding.
Background
In recent years, the optical industry has been increasingly demanding surfaces of array glass microstructures such as microlenses, micro grooves, micro cones, micro prisms, and the like. The glass optical element with the micro-surface structure, in particular to the micro-structure compound eye array lens, plays an important role in improving the imaging quality of an optical system, can provide various optical functions and better imaging quality by virtue of the special geometric characteristics of the glass optical element, becomes a core device in the fields of smart phones, digital cameras, space optical communication, infrared detection, medical equipment, intelligent guidance systems and the like, and can realize imaging, reflection and diffraction functions of high definition, high resolution, high uniformity, shaping and beam expansion.
The micro-structure glass optical element compression molding technology has the advantages of high repetition precision, no pollution, net molding, low cost, suitability for mass production and the like, and is considered to be one of the most revolutionary optical manufacturing technologies internationally. Compared with the traditional lens manufacturing methods such as fast cutter servo single-point diamond turning, femtosecond laser beam, electron beam, plasma beam, LIGA technology and the like, the method has the advantages of high production efficiency, diversified processing materials, good processing consistency, good process stability and the like. However, for array type microstructure glass elements with sharp edges and corners and large depth-diameter ratio such as compound eye arrays, V grooves, rectangular grooves, pyramids, fresnel rings and the like, the existing compression molding mode has the problems that the flow and deformation of glass materials in micro-scale mold grooves are blocked in the hot pressing process, the filling rate of the formed glass microstructure is insufficient, the geometric precision of a product is reduced, a glass-mold contact interface is easy to adhere, the demoulding of the formed glass microstructure part is difficult, glass breakage is caused and the like.
The ultrasonic vibration assisted molding is based on the traditional molding principle, and the ultrasonic vibration system is introduced to apply longitudinal ultrasonic longitudinal vibration to the molding system, so that the filling rate and the demolding performance in the molding process can be improved, and the technical problem in the traditional molding is solved.
In the domestic disclosure and data, the utility model of Hunan university (patent ZL 201420846015.5) provides an ultrasonic vibration precision compression molding device of a complex microstructure optical element, which comprises a cylinder, a sliding block, a guide rail, a connecting rod, an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, an amplitude transformer, a heat insulation plate and a heating plate. The application of the device reduces the gap and damage of the glass element on the surface of the die, and realizes the precise compression molding of the optical element with the impurity microstructure. However, the device only applies longitudinal ultrasonic vibration on the upper die, has limited effect of improving the compression molding filling rate and the demolding performance, and only vibrates on one side of the upper die, which is helpful for improving the demolding adhesion condition between the glass element and the upper die, but cannot improve the demolding adhesion condition between the glass element and the lower die, and only vibrates on one side of the upper die, which changes the friction coefficient and the flow condition between the glass element and the upper die, but cannot change the friction coefficient and the flow condition between the glass element and the lower die, so that the friction coefficients of upper and lower contact profiles are different, and the upper and lower flow conditions of the glass element are different during molding, so that the difference of stress, strain and surface type precision is brought. As shown in fig. 1, after unidirectional ultrasonic vibration is applied to the upper mold, the filling edge line of the fly-eye lens of the upper mold is not coincident with the mold contour line, i.e., is not completely filled, and the filling edge line of the concave lens of the lower mold is not coincident with the mold contour line, and the deviation amount of the filling edge line of the concave lens of the lower mold and the mold contour line is larger than that of the upper mold, and meanwhile, the stress at the contact position of the contour line of the lower mold and the filling edge line of the concave lens is larger than that at the contact position of the contour line of the upper mold and the filling edge line of the sub-fly-eye lens, and the adhesion condition between glass and the mold is more obvious at the lower mold as shown by the mold pressing test, so that the ultrasonic vibration is also applied to the lower mold is necessary to improve the filling condition and the demolding performance.
In foreign publications, there have been no reports about an apparatus and a method for molding by ultrasonic vibration, but there are patents related to the application of ultrasonic vibration to injection molding of resin materials. European patent (EP 1645381 A8) registered by japan fei-shi corporation provides an apparatus and method for melt-molding a resin material by applying ultrasonic vibration to the material in a cylinder body in a mold at one end of the cylinder, and melting and kneading the molded material while vibrating the molded material in one direction on the right side so as to intersect the flow direction of the resin material. Japanese Toshihiro Furusawa et al (US 5017311 a) provides a method for improving the flowability of high molecular weight polymers using ultrasonic vibration, the injection molding apparatus having a fixed mold and a movable mold, the movable mold having a cavity on one side and an ultrasonic vibration feeding device connected to the other side. The method provided by the two patents is limited to injection molding of resin materials, and because glass materials can be softened at a higher temperature, have poor fluidity and strong adhesiveness, the molding temperature of the resin materials is low, glass is in a molten state during injection molding, and the purpose of applying ultrasonic vibration is mainly used for demolding, but the purpose of applying ultrasonic vibration by ultrasonic vibration auxiliary molding is to improve the filling rate and the demolding performance, so that the two methods are different in molding principle and mechanism, and meanwhile, the two patents are all unidirectional in applying ultrasonic vibration, and have the technical defect of only changing the demolding adhesion condition of a lower mold.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a device and a method for assisting in mould pressing by opposite ultrasonic vibration, which can solve the problems of 1) difficult demoulding of an upper mould and a lower mould, 2) uneven stress and strain caused by inconsistent flow conditions of the upper part and the lower part of a glass element, uneven surface type precision and the like when the optical element with a complex microstructure is subjected to unidirectional ultrasonic mould pressing, improve the flowability of glass materials in grooves of a mould with a micro-scale, improve the filling rate and the surface type precision of the microstructure, and improve the demoulding difficulty, glass breakage and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the opposite ultrasonic vibration auxiliary compression molding device comprises a first ultrasonic vibration device and a second ultrasonic vibration device which are oppositely arranged, wherein the first ultrasonic vibration device is connected with a concave lower die 35, the second ultrasonic vibration device is connected with a convex upper die 38, a compression molding cavity 45 is formed between the concave lower die 35 and the convex upper die 38, the first ultrasonic vibration device and the first ultrasonic vibration device are both connected with a heating device, and the second ultrasonic vibration device is connected with a lifting device through a pressure sensor 23.
Further improved, the first ultrasonic vibration device comprises a first energy converter 5, the first energy converter 5 is connected with a first ultrasonic amplitude transformer 10, the second ultrasonic vibration device comprises a second energy converter 10, the second energy converter 10 is connected with a second ultrasonic amplitude transformer 30, and the first energy converter 5 and the second energy converter 10 are sandwich piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic energy converters.
Further improved, the heating device comprises a first heating rod 12 and a second heating rod 34 which are connected with a first ultrasonic vibration device, and a third heating rod 16 and a fourth heating rod 32 which are connected with the second ultrasonic vibration device, wherein the first heating rod 12 and the second heating rod 34 are connected with the first ultrasonic vibration device through a first soaking heat transfer table 14, the third heating rod 16 and the fourth heating rod 32 are connected with the second ultrasonic vibration device through a second soaking heat transfer table 17, and the heating devices are heating rods which are connected with a heating source.
In a further improvement, the first heating rod 12, the second heating rod 34, the third heating rod 16, the fourth heating rod 32, the concave lower die 35 and the convex upper die 38 are all arranged in a molding chamber 2 formed by enclosing the high-temperature-resistant transparent glass plate 3, one side lower part of the molding chamber 2 is communicated with a molding chamber air inlet 13, and the other side upper part is communicated with a molding chamber air outlet 31.
Further improvement, the first ultrasonic vibration device outer cover is provided with a first ultrasonic vibration device condensation cavity 7, the second ultrasonic vibration device outer cover is provided with a second ultrasonic vibration device condensation cavity 21, one side of the first ultrasonic vibration device condensation cavity 7 is provided with a first ultrasonic vibration device air-cooled air inlet 4, the other side of the first ultrasonic vibration device condensation cavity air-cooled air outlet 8 is provided with a second ultrasonic vibration device air-cooled air inlet 29, and the other side of the second ultrasonic vibration device condensation cavity air-cooled air outlet 20 is provided with a second ultrasonic vibration device condensation cavity air-cooled air outlet 29.
Further improved, a ring-opening groove is formed in the first soaking heat transfer table 14, a positioning sleeve 44 is arranged in the ring-opening groove, the positioning sleeve 44 is fixedly connected with the first ultrasonic amplitude transformer 10 and the limiting outer sleeve 37, the limiting outer sleeve 37 is fixedly arranged outside the inner sleeve 36, die exhaust holes 40 are formed in the positioning inner sleeve 36 and the outer sleeve 37, a die pressing cavity 45 is arranged in the inner sleeve 36, a lower die thermocouple temperature control point 15 is arranged between the top of the first ultrasonic amplitude transformer 10 and the concave lower die 35, a pressing rod 19 is connected to the bottom of the second ultrasonic amplitude transformer 30, and an upper die thermocouple temperature control point 33 is fixedly arranged between the pressing rod and the second soaking heat transfer table 17.
Further improved, a first insulating plate 11 is arranged between the high-temperature-resistant transparent glass plate 3 and the first soaking heat transfer table 14, and a second insulating plate 18 is arranged between the high-temperature-resistant transparent glass plate 3 and the second soaking heat transfer table 17.
Further improvement, elevating gear includes servo motor 26, and servo motor 26 is connected with servo cylinder 25, and servo cylinder 25 passes through 24 and connects pressure sensor 23.
A method of counter ultrasonic vibration assisted compression molding, the method comprising the steps of:
firstly, mounting glass in a molding cavity 45 formed between a lower die and an upper die, heating the glass in a nitrogen atmosphere, and raising the temperature to be higher than the glass transition point temperature;
starting a lifting device connected with a convex upper die 38, collecting lower pressure load for die pressing, and performing ultrasonic vibration in the die pressing process, wherein the total die pressing time t z is set, the first ultrasonic vibration device connected with the lower die is started to apply ultrasonic longitudinal vibration to the lower die after the die pressing starts for the preset time t 1, the vibration frequency range is 30-35 KHz, the vibration amplitude range is 8-10 mu m, the time is t 2, the filling rate of glass of the lower die is increased, the second ultrasonic vibration device connected with the upper die is started to apply ultrasonic longitudinal vibration to the upper die, the vibration parameter is the same as that of the first ultrasonic vibration device, the applied vibration time is t 3, the upper die, the lower die and the glass are completely filled, and the ultrasonic vibration time applied by the lower die is (t 2+t3)s;tz＝90～120s,t1＝20～30s,t2＝30～40s,t3 = 40-50 s;
step three, annealing, namely closing the first ultrasonic vibration device and the second ultrasonic vibration device in the annealing stage, reducing the temperature in the mould pressing cavity to a preset annealing temperature, and maintaining the pressure and carrying out annealing treatment under the condition of keeping the load;
Step four, demolding pretreatment, namely, carrying out demolding pretreatment by cooling for the second time, reducing the temperature in a mold cavity to 50+/-5 ℃ below the glass transition point temperature T g again, simultaneously starting a first ultrasonic vibration device and a second ultrasonic vibration device to carry out opposite ultrasonic vibration demolding pretreatment, and keeping the vibration frequency in a low-frequency vibration frequency range of 15-20 KHz, the amplitude range of 2-4 mu m and the time of T 4, so as to improve the demolding performance between an optical element and a mold, and then closing the first ultrasonic vibration device and the second ultrasonic vibration device;
and fifthly, cooling, namely, cooling by using cold air provided by a cold water machine to reduce the temperature of the mould pressing cavity again, and taking out the mould after cooling to room temperature to obtain the required mould pressing optical element.
The servo motor controls rotary motion through the motion control card, the motor is converted into linear motion of the electric cylinder screw rod through the ball screw pair, driving force and displacement are provided for a terminal load, and finally, accurate closed-loop control of driving force, displacement and speed of an output end is realized by combining real-time acquisition and feedback processing of sensor pressure signals and encoder displacement signals.
The ultrasonic energy converter is connected with the ultrasonic energy converter, the amplitude transformer is connected with the ultrasonic energy converter, firstly, the ultrasonic energy converter generates a high-frequency alternating electric signal, then the piezoelectric energy converter converts the high-frequency electric signal into mechanical vibration, and finally, the amplitude transformer amplifies the mechanical vibration and respectively transmits the mechanical vibration to the upper die, the lower die and the glass blank, thereby realizing ultrasonic vibration assisted hot press molding of the glass element.
The heating temperature or the cooling temperature of the mold and the glass is detected in real time through a thermocouple temperature control point, a temperature signal is transmitted to a temperature controller to control a heating temperature or a cooling system of a heating source to heat or cool in real time, and the temperature is controlled to be at a required temperature value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention provides a device and a method for molding forming assisted by opposite ultrasonic vibration, wherein the device consists of an opposite ultrasonic vibration system, a servo loading system and a heating system for heating an electric heating rod and heat transfer of a soaking plate, and can realize the real-time adjustment and control of simultaneously applying ultrasonic longitudinal vibration, accurate servo loading and molding temperature to an upper die and a lower die in the molding process. Compared with the traditional precise mould pressing and the traditional unidirectional ultrasonic vibration mould pressing method, the mould pressing technology method adopting the opposite ultrasonic vibration auxiliary mould pressing device and the sectional application of ultrasonic vibration effectively solves the technical problems that the traditional mould pressing is incomplete for mould pressing and filling of array type microstructure glass elements with sharp edges and corners, large depth-diameter ratio and the like, and the glass and a mould are easy to adhere, the unidirectional ultrasonic vibration can not change the adhesion and flow property between the glass element and an upper mould and a lower mould at the same time, so that the friction coefficients of upper and lower contact profiles are different, the upper and lower flow conditions of the glass element are different during the forming, the difference of stress, strain and surface type precision is brought, and the like, and has the technical advantages of improving the flowability of glass materials in grooves of the micro-scale mould, improving the filling rate of the microstructure, the surface type precision and the forming uniformity, improving the demoulding difficulty, glass breakage and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of simulated filling rate and stress distribution for a microstructure array die molding with only lower die applied ultrasonic vibration
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the invention in partial cross-section from side view A-A
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the present invention
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion B (and structural mold assembly and glass) of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the press molding of the present invention
In the drawing, a frame of a 1-compression molding device, a 2-compression molding chamber, a 3-high temperature resistant transparent glass plate, 4, 29-first and second ultrasonic vibration devices air inlets, 5, 22-first and second transducers, first, second, 6, 28-assembled pre-tightening bolts, 7, 21-first and second ultrasonic vibration device condensation chambers, 8, 20-first and second ultrasonic vibration device condensation chamber air cooling exhaust ports, 9, a compression molding chamber support plate, 10, 30-first and second ultrasonic amplitude transformers, 11, 18-first and second heat insulation plates, 12, 16, 32, 34-first, third, fourth and second heating rods, 13-compression molding chamber air inlets, 14, 17-first and second heat transfer tables, 15-lower die thermocouple temperature control points, 19-compression rods, 23-pressure sensors, 24-couplers, 25-servo electric cylinders, 26-servo motors, 27-connecting pins, 31-compression molding chamber air exhaust ports, 33-upper die temperature control points, 35-lower dies, 36-positioning inner sleeves, 37-outer sleeves, 38-convex surfaces, 39-spherical surface contour-spherical surface-fixing sleeves, 40-spherical surface contour-fixing glass sleeves, 45-spherical surface-array non-spherical surface-contour-shaped glass lens array, and a high-temperature resistant glass array are shown.
Detailed Description
In the first embodiment, the present invention is described with reference to fig. 2,3 and 5, and comprises a molding device frame 1, a molding chamber 2, a high temperature resistant transparent glass plate 3, first and second ultrasonic vibration device condensation chamber air inlets 4 and 29, first and second transducers 5 and 22, first and second assembly pre-tightening bolts 6 and 28, first and second ultrasonic vibration device condensation chambers 7 and 21, first and second ultrasonic vibration device condensation chamber air outlets 8 and 21, a molding chamber support plate 9, first and second ultrasonic amplitude transformers 10 and 30, first and second heat insulation plates 11 and 18, first and third heating rods 12, 16, 32 and 34 connected with heating sources, a molding chamber air inlet 13, first and second soaking heat transfer tables 14 and 16, a lower mold thermocouple temperature control point 15, a pressure rod 19, a pressure sensor 23, a coupling 24, a servo cylinder 25, a servo motor 26, a connecting pin 27, an upper mold thermocouple temperature control point 33, a lower mold 35, a positioning inner sleeve 36, an outer sleeve 38, a convex upper mold 38, an upper spherical surface contour 39, a high temperature resistant glass sleeve array 44, a high temperature resistant glass sleeve array 43 and a high temperature resistant transparent glass lens array 43. The first and second transducers 5 and 22 and the first and second ultrasonic horns 10 and 30 are assembled through the first and second pre-fastening bolts 6 and 28 to form ultrasonic vibration devices, the number of the ultrasonic vibration devices is 2, namely, the first ultrasonic vibration device and the second ultrasonic vibration device, and then the ultrasonic vibration devices and an ultrasonic power supply together form an ultrasonic vibration system. The molding chamber 2 is fixedly connected to the molding chamber supporting plate 9 through 4 bolts, the molding chamber supporting plate 9 and the servo electric cylinder 25 are respectively fixed on the molding device frame 1 through bolts, and the left side and the right side of the molding chamber 2 are provided with a molding chamber air inlet 13 and a molding chamber air outlet 31 for conveying nitrogen into the molding chamber to prevent the oxidation of the mold under the high temperature condition. The first, third, fourth and second heating rods 12, 16, 32, 34, the compression rod 19 and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer rod 10 which are connected with heating sources are all arranged in a mould pressing chamber, heat is applied to glass and a mould, heat is isolated from outward heat transfer, a high-temperature-resistant transparent glass plate 3 is arranged on the front surface of the mould pressing chamber, sealing between the high-temperature-resistant transparent glass plate and the mould pressing chamber is realized by adopting a sealing rubber sheet, sealing is realized by adopting a fastening bolt 43, and the observation of the whole mould pressing process is facilitated.
In the second embodiment, the concave lower die 35 is fixed to the ultrasonic horn 10 and is positioned by the fixing sleeve 44, as described with reference to fig. 2 and 4. The pressing rod 19 is in contact with the convex upper die 38, and ultrasonic longitudinal vibration is respectively applied to the convex upper die 38 and the concave lower die 35 by two ultrasonic vibration systems during die pressing. The output end of the electric cylinder is connected with a 310S stainless steel pressing rod through a weighing sensor, and the lower end of the pressing rod stretches into the mould pressing chamber to act on the upper mould. The servo motor 26 and the servo cylinder 25 are connected with a pressure sensor through a coupling 24.
In a third embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the first and second transducers 5 and 22 of the sandwich-type ultrasonic device are respectively composed of 5 pieces of piezoelectric ceramics with the thickness of 5mm, a front cover plate and a rear cover plate, the first and second ultrasonic amplitude transformers 10 and 30 are respectively mounted on the first and second transducers 5 and 22 through threaded connection to form a first and a second ultrasonic vibration devices, the ultrasonic vibration devices are mounted in the first and second ultrasonic vibration device condensation chambers 7 and 21, the first ultrasonic vibration device condensation chamber 7 is cooled by the first ultrasonic vibration device air-cooling air inlet 4, the air-cooling air outlet 8 is cooled by the first ultrasonic vibration device, the second ultrasonic vibration device condensation chamber 21 is cooled by the second ultrasonic vibration device air-cooling air inlet 29, and the air-cooling air outlet 20 is cooled by the second ultrasonic vibration device.
In a fourth embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 4, the first ultrasonic vibration device is assembled with the soaking heat transfer table 14, and the insulating plate 11 is disposed between the soaking heat transfer table 14 and the side wall of the molding chamber, so as to prevent the high temperature of the soaking heat transfer table from being transferred to the side wall of the molding chamber. The concave lower die 35 is arranged on the first ultrasonic vibration device, a positioning sleeve 44 is arranged between the soaking heat transfer table and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer as well as between the soaking heat transfer table and the outer sleeve, and the lower die thermocouple temperature control point 15 is arranged at the top of the first ultrasonic vibration device which is contacted with the soaking heat transfer table. The lower part of the second ultrasonic vibration device is connected with a pressing rod 19, the pressing rod is assembled and positioned with the soaking heat transfer platform, the pressing rod is contacted with the upper surface of a convex upper die 38, and the upper die thermocouple temperature control point 33 is arranged above the contact part of the pressing rod and the upper surface of the convex upper die.
In the fifth embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the servo motor 26 controls the rotary motion through the motion control card, then converts the motor rotation into the linear motion of the screw rod of the electric cylinder 25 through the ball screw pair, provides driving force and displacement for the terminal load, and finally, combines the real-time acquisition and feedback processing of the sensor pressure 23 signal and the encoder displacement signal to realize the accurate closed-loop control of the driving force, displacement and speed of the output end. The first ultrasonic transducer 5 and the second ultrasonic transducer 22 are respectively connected with an ultrasonic power supply, the first amplitude transformer 10 and the second amplitude transformer 30 are respectively connected with the first ultrasonic transducer 5 and the second ultrasonic transducer 22, firstly, a high-frequency alternating electric signal is generated by the ultrasonic power supply, then the high-frequency electric signal is converted into mechanical vibration through the piezoelectric transducer, finally, the mechanical vibration is amplified through the amplitude transformer and is respectively transmitted to an upper die, a lower die and a glass blank, thereby realizing ultrasonic vibration assisted hot press molding of the glass element, and improving the filling rate and the stripping performance in the process of press molding the microstructure glass optical element. The heating temperature or the cooling temperature of the mold and the glass is detected in real time through the lower mold thermocouple temperature control point 15 and the upper mold thermocouple temperature control point 33, and a temperature signal is transmitted to a temperature controller to control the heating temperature or the cooling system of a heating source to heat or cool in real time, so that the temperature is controlled to be at a required temperature value.
In a sixth embodiment, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2,3, 4, 5, and 6, and the method for performing opposite ultrasonic vibration assisted compression molding described in the present embodiment includes the following steps.
The first step is to detach the high temperature transparent glass plate, place the mold assembly body loaded with glass on the upper surface of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer in contact fit with the heat transfer platform and the outer sleeve, adjust the position of the compression bar to just contact with the upper mold surface, load the high temperature transparent glass plate, and seal.
Starting a servo motor, controlling the pressure rod to move downwards, keeping the bottom of the pressure rod just contacted with the top of the upper die, starting a heating source, heating the heat transfer platform through a heating rod, transferring the heat to the die to heat, increasing the temperature to a certain temperature above the glass transition point, and inputting nitrogen through the die pressing air inlet in the whole heating process to prevent the die from oxidizing and increasing the temperature to the die pressing temperature above the glass transition point, as shown in fig. 6 (a).
The third step, a three-section ultrasonic vibration process is adopted in the molding process of the opposite ultrasonic vibration device, the total molding time T z (90-120 s) is set, the first ultrasonic vibration device connected with the lower die is started to apply ultrasonic longitudinal vibration to the lower die after the molding starts for the preset time T 1 (20-30 s), the vibration frequency range is 30-35 KHz, the vibration amplitude range is 8-10 mu m, the time is T 2 (30-40 s), and the filling rate of the glass of the lower die is increased; the second ultrasonic vibration device connected with the upper die is started again to apply ultrasonic longitudinal vibration to the upper die, the vibration parameters are the same as those of the first ultrasonic vibration device, the vibration time is T 3 (40-50 s), the upper die, the lower die and glass are completely filled, the ultrasonic vibration time is (T 2+t3) s, as shown in fig. 6 (b), the first ultrasonic vibration device and the second ultrasonic vibration device are closed in an annealing stage, the temperature in a die cavity is reduced, the pressure maintaining and annealing treatment is carried out under the same load, as shown in fig. 6 (C), the second temperature reduction is carried out in a die stripping pretreatment stage, the temperature in the die cavity is reduced again to about 50 ℃ below the glass transition point temperature T g, the first ultrasonic vibration device and the second ultrasonic vibration device are simultaneously started to carry out opposite ultrasonic vibration die stripping pretreatment, the vibration frequency is kept in a low vibration frequency range of 15-20 KHz, the vibration frequency range is 2-4 mu m, the first ultrasonic vibration device and the second ultrasonic vibration device are closed for the time of 20-30 s, the purpose of improving the die stripping performance between an optical element and the die is improved, as shown in fig. 6 (d), the cooling stage is carried out, the cooling machine is provided, the cooling temperature is carried out again, and the cooling temperature of the die cavity is reduced by using a cooling machine, after cooling is completed, the mold is removed to obtain the desired molded optical element, as shown in fig. 6 (e).
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be noted that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and that the ultrasonic vibration parameters and the molding process are not limited to the described structures and process parameters, and are within the scope of the protection of the invention depending on the molded object and the performance of the glass parameters, but those skilled in the art can make modifications or changes within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the invention.
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| CN112851091B (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-06-28 | 湖南大学 | Ultrasonic vibration anti-sticking method for compression molding of glass optical element |
| CN113072291B (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-11-29 | 广东华中科技大学工业技术研究院 | 3D glass hot bending forming device and method based on locally targeted ultrasonic resonance |
| CN115521047A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-27 | 宁波大学 | Production method of planar multi-level diffractive thermal imaging lens |
| CN115673189B (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2025-07-25 | 江西理工大学 | Ultrasonic vibration auxiliary vacuum hot pressing device |
| CN115893815A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-04-04 | 中南林业科技大学 | A molding device and method for rapid prototyping of glass components |
| CN116444132A (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-07-18 | 安徽光智科技有限公司 | Equipment cooling method, device, equipment and readable storage medium |
| CN116924662A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-24 | 无锡市锡山区半导体先进制造创新中心 | A kind of molding method |
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