CN111886997A - Water and fertilizer integrated sprinkling irrigation intelligent control system and control method for wheat - Google Patents

Water and fertilizer integrated sprinkling irrigation intelligent control system and control method for wheat Download PDF

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CN111886997A
CN111886997A CN202010699155.4A CN202010699155A CN111886997A CN 111886997 A CN111886997 A CN 111886997A CN 202010699155 A CN202010699155 A CN 202010699155A CN 111886997 A CN111886997 A CN 111886997A
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fertilizer
water
wheat
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CN111886997B (en
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刘俊萍
江楠
李吉鹏
张晴
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Jiangsu University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
    • A01C23/047—Spraying of liquid fertilisers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/007—Metering or regulating systems

Abstract

The invention relates to a water and fertilizer integrated control system and a control method for wheat crop sprinkling irrigation, which comprises a water storage barrel, a water inlet, a water pump, a water outlet, a pressure gauge, a venturi tube, a flowmeter, a fertilizer outlet, a check valve, a pressure regulator, a power line, a relay, a controller, a communication cable, a computer, a peristaltic pump, a fertilizer mixing tank, a fertilizer barrel and an electromagnetic valve. The invention can meet the fertilization requirements of wheat in different growth processes.

Description

Water and fertilizer integrated sprinkling irrigation intelligent control system and control method for wheat
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water-saving irrigation, and relates to a water and fertilizer integrated sprinkling irrigation intelligent control system and a control method for wheat.
Background
Wheat is used as an important grain source in China, and the yield of the wheat is closely related to the fertilization mode, the application time and the content of different fertilizers. The water-fertilizer integration is to mix water-soluble fertilizers according to a specific proportion, and the water-fertilizer is applied together and directly applied in a water-fertilizer manner, so that the total fertilizer application amount can be reduced, and the fertilizer-water utilization rate can be improved. The fertilizers used by wheat at present mainly comprise nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers, and the required dosage is different in different growth processes. The nitrogen fertilizer consumption in the early stage is large, the potassium fertilizer is needed in the middle stage, and the phosphate fertilizer is needed in the later stage. At present, related water and fertilizer integrated spray irrigation and intelligent control research on different fertilizer proportions exist, however, the prior art only generally distributes the contents of three major fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and lacks of specific fertilizer dosage division corresponding to elements (such as urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and the like which are available in nitrogen fertilizers). In addition, the water-soluble fertilizer is used in the water and fertilizer integration, and the solubility of the selected fertilizer is different.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water and fertilizer integrated sprinkling irrigation intelligent control system and a control method for wheat, which are used for intelligently fertilizing different growth processes of wheat.
In order to implement the purpose, the invention provides a water and fertilizer integrated sprinkling irrigation intelligent control system for wheat, which comprises a water storage barrel, a water inlet, a water pump, a water outlet, a pressure gauge, a Venturi tube, a flow meter and a fertilizer outlet which are sequentially connected together, wherein the Venturi tube is further connected with a peristaltic pump through a check valve, the peristaltic pump is respectively connected with a fertilizer mixing tank and a fertilizer barrel through pipelines, the number of the fertilizer barrels is three, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the pipeline between each fertilizer barrel and the peristaltic pump, a computer is connected with a controller through a communication cable, the controller is connected with a pressure regulator through a relay and a power line, the pressure regulator is electrically connected with the peristaltic pump, and the electromagnetic valve, the water pump and a stirring device in the fertilizer mixing tank are all controlled by the controller.
The invention provides a method for controlling a water and fertilizer integrated sprinkling irrigation intelligent control system of wheat, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: determining the growth season of wheat; dissolving water-soluble fertilizers containing three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in three fertilizer barrels respectively according to growth seasons;
step two: respectively inputting the required quality m of three fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium into an operation panel of a computer1、m2、m3The unit is kg/mu; the fertilizer liquid is respectively transported in the operation panel according to the saturated configurationSolubility c of three fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium1、c2、c3In units of kg/L; setting the mixed fertilizer capacity V according to the size of the mixed fertilizer containerMixing ofThe unit is L;
step three: the fertilizer spraying speed of the system is 1.27 mu/h, and after the parameters are set, the computer automatically calculates the required spraying flow Q of each fertilizer liquid according to the formula (1), wherein the unit is L/h.
Figure BDA0002592397500000021
In the formula: qiThe required spraying flow rate of the fertilizer liquid i, miThe required quality of the fertilizer liquid i is as follows,
cithe solubility of the fertilizer liquid i;
step four: the computer automatically calculates the total flow Q of the fertilizer according to the formula (2)Note thatThe unit is L/h,
Qnote that＝Q1+Q2+Q3(2)
In the formula: qNote thatIs the total flow rate of fertilizer injection;
step five: the system automatically calculates the working voltage U required by the peristaltic pump according to the formula (3), wherein the unit is V, and the working voltage U is displayed on a screen;
U＝aQnote that+b (3)
In the formula: u is the pressure of the peristaltic pump for filling fertilizer, a is 0.0455, b is 23.64 and QNote thatTotal flow rate of fertilizer injection for the peristaltic pump;
step six: the computer calculates the time t required by various fertilizers to be fed into the mixed fertilizer tank according to a formula (4), and the unit is s;
Figure BDA0002592397500000022
in the formula: t is tiTime for feeding fertilizer liquid i into the fertilizer mixing tank, VMixing ofThe fertilizer is mixed with the fertilizer in a certain volume,
Qnote thatFor total flow of fertilizer, QiThe required spraying flow rate of the fertilizer liquid i is obtained;
step seven: the computer calculates the creep according to the formula (5)Fertilizer injection time t of pump under working voltageNote thatThe unit is s.
Figure BDA0002592397500000023
In the formula: t is tNote thatFor the time of fertilizer injection, VMixing ofFor mixed fertilizer capacity, QNote thatThe total flow rate of fertilizer injection.
Step eight: clicking on an operation panel of a computer to start operation by a maximum pump voltage system, and after the fertilizer suction time t is t1+t2+t3After, get into and mix fertile stage, mix the agitating unit in the fertile jar and stir fertilizer liquid under controller control, after the stirring, click and annotate fertile, controller control water pump, peristaltic pump will mix fertile jar interior fertilizer liquid injection venturi with annotating fertile voltage in, realize carrying out intelligence to the wheat and spray the fertilization.
In the scheme, in the step one, the growth cycle of wheat comprises three stages from node pulling to ear sprouting, ear sprouting to pollination and pollination to maturity.
In the scheme, in the fourth step, the fertilizer injection flow range of the peristaltic pump is 0-A L/h, and if the calculated total required fertilizer injection flow exceeds A, the alarm lamp of the operation panel is turned on.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fertilizer amount can be flexibly set according to the growth requirements of the wheat in different periods, the required fertilizer can be freely selected, the process from fertilizer preparation to fertilizer spraying is automatically completed by means of an intelligent control system, the waste of water and fertilizer can be effectively reduced, and high-precision fertilization in different growth processes of the wheat is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the intelligent control system for sprinkling irrigation of the invention.
In the figure 1, 1 is a water storage barrel, 2 is a water inlet, 3 is a water pump, 4 is a water outlet, 5 is a pressure gauge, 6 is a venturi tube, 7 is a flow meter, 8 is a fertilizer outlet, 9 is a check valve, 10 is a pressure regulator, 11 is a power line, 12 is a relay, 13 is a controller, 14 is a communication cable, 15 is a computer, 16 is a peristaltic pump, 17 is a fertilizer mixing tank, 18 is a fertilizer barrel, 19 is an electromagnetic valve
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The method comprises the following steps: and determining the growth time of wheat. The growth cycle of wheat includes three stages from node setting to ear sprouting, ear sprouting to pollination and pollination to maturity. The nitrogen element x kg/mu, the phosphorus element y kg/mu and the potassium element z kg/mu are needed in total. Selecting a specific water-soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements.
Step two: referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a water and fertilizer integrated intelligent control system, which comprises a water storage barrel 1, a water inlet 2, a water pump 3, a water outlet 4, a pressure gauge 5, a venturi tube 6, a flow meter 7, a fertilizer outlet 8, a check valve 9, a pressure regulator 10, a power line 11, a relay 12, a controller 13, a communication cable 14, a computer 15, a peristaltic pump 16, a fertilizer mixing tank 17, a fertilizer barrel 18 and an electromagnetic valve 19. Respectively inputting the required quality m of specific fertilizer in the operation panel of the computer1、m2、m3The unit is kg/mu; the fertilizer liquid is configured according to saturation, and the solubility c of specific fertilizer is respectively input into an operation panel1、c2、c3In units of kg/L; setting the mixed fertilizer capacity V according to the size of the mixed fertilizer containerMixing ofThe unit is L.
Step three: the fertilizer spraying speed of the system is 1.27 mu/h. After the parameters are set, the system automatically calculates the required spraying flow Q of each fertilizer liquid according to a formula (1), and the unit is L/h.
Figure BDA0002592397500000031
In the formula: qiThe required spraying flow rate of the fertilizer liquid i, miThe required quality of the fertilizer liquid i is as follows,
cithe solubility of the fertilizer liquid i is shown.
Step four: the system automatically calculates the total flow Q of fertilizer injection according to the formula (2)Note thatThe unit is L/h. The fertilizer injection flow range of the pump in the system is 0-A L/h, and if the calculated total required fertilizer injection flow exceeds A, an alarm lamp of the operation panel is turned on. When there is no alarm indication, the next step is entered.
QNote that＝Q1+Q2+Q3(2)
In the formula: qNote thatThe total flow rate of fertilizer injection.
Step five: the system calculates the fertilizer injection pump voltage U with the unit of V according to the formula (3) and displays the voltage U on a screen.
U＝aQNote that+b (3)
In the formula: u is the voltage of fertilizer injection pump, a is 0.0455, b is 23.64, and QNote thatThe total flow rate of fertilizer injection.
Step six: the system automatically calculates the time t required by various fertilizers to be fed into the mixed fertilizer tank according to the formula (4), and the unit is s.
Figure BDA0002592397500000041
In the formula: t is tiTime for feeding fertilizer liquid i into the fertilizer mixing tank, VMixing ofThe fertilizer is mixed with the fertilizer in a certain volume,
Qnote thatFor total flow of fertilizer, QiThe required spraying flow rate of the fertilizer liquid i is achieved.
Step seven: the system automatically calculates the fertilizer injection time t under the voltage of the fertilizer injection pump according to the formula (5)Note thatThe unit is s.
Figure BDA0002592397500000042
In the formula: t is tNote thatFor the time of fertilizer injection, VMixing ofFor mixed fertilizer capacity, QNote thatThe total flow rate of fertilizer injection.
Step eight: clicking and starting on an operation panel, starting to operate by a maximum pump voltage system, and after the fertilizer suction time t is t1+t2+t3And then, in the fertilizer mixing stage, a stirring device in the fertilizer mixing tank is used for stirring the fertilizer liquid. Carry out the liquid manure integration after the stirring and spray, click and annotate fertile, the pump carries out intelligence to the wheat through sprinkling irrigation equipment and sprays the fertilization in with annotating fertile voltage and will fertile liquid injection venturi.
The specific embodiment is as follows: a water and fertilizer integrated sprinkling irrigation intelligent control system and a method for wheat mainly comprise the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and determining the growth time of wheat. The growth cycle of wheat includes three stages from node setting to ear sprouting, ear sprouting to pollination and pollination to maturity. The total nitrogen element x is 15 kg/mu, the phosphorus element y is 12.5 kg/mu, and the potassium element z is 6.3 kg/mu. Specifically, urea is selected as the nitrogenous fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate is selected as the phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is selected as the potash fertilizer. 10.9 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 7.2 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 3.7 kg/mu of potash fertilizer are needed in the period from node pulling to ear sprouting; the nitrogen fertilizer is required to be 9.5 kg/mu, the phosphate fertilizer is required to be 6.2 kg/mu and the potassium fertilizer is required to be 6.3 kg/mu from ear sprouting to pollination; 6.8kg of nitrogenous fertilizer, 7.2kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0.4kg of potash fertilizer are needed in the pollination to maturity period.
Step two: taking the period from node stripping to ear stripping as an example, the required mass m of urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride are respectively input into an operation panel110.9 kg/mu m27.2 kg/mu, m33.7 kg/mu, inputting the solubility c of three fertilizers according to the saturated configuration1＝0.85kg/L、c2＝0.37kg/L、c3The mixed fertilizer volume V is set according to the size of the input mixed fertilizer container as 0.32kg/LMixing of＝180L。
Step three: after the parameters are set, the system calculates the required spraying flow Q of each fertilizer liquid according to the formula (1)1＝16.29L/h、Q2＝24.71L/h、Q3＝14.68L/h。
Step four: the system calculates the total flow Q of the fertilizer according to the formula (2)Note that55.68L/h. The fertilizer injection flow range of the pump is 0-270L/h, and if the calculated total fertilizer injection flow required exceeds the range, an alarm lamp of the operation panel is turned on. When there is no alarm indication, the next step is entered.
Step five: the system calculates the fertilizer injection pump voltage according to the formula (3) and displays the voltage on a screen, wherein U is 26.17V.
Step six: the system calculates the time t required for feeding urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride into the mixed fertilizer tank according to the formula (4)1＝211s、t2＝319s、t3＝190s。
Step seven: the system calculates the fertilizer injection time t under the voltage of the fertilizer injection pump according to the formula (5)Note that＝11638s。
Step eight: clicking on an operation panel to start, starting to operate by a maximum pump voltage 36V system, enabling the fertilizer suction time t to be 720s, entering a fertilizer mixing stage, and stirring fertilizer liquid in a fertilizer mixing tank. Carry out the liquid manure integration after the stirring and spray, click and annotate fertile, the pump is in order to annotate fertile voltage U26.17V with fertile liquid injection water pipe, sprays the fertilization to the wheat through sprinkling irrigation equipment.
If an efficient manual fertilization scheme is adopted, the wheat needs 30 kg/mu of urea, 22 kg/mu of monoammonium phosphate and 11 kg/mu of potassium chloride for a lifetime, compared with manual fertilization, the intelligent fertilization control method saves 6% -9%, and is automatically operated and high in intelligent control precision of the fertilization process.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides a wheat liquid manure integration intelligent control system that sprays, is including water storage bucket 1, water inlet 2, water pump 3, delivery port 4, manometer 5, venturi 6, flowmeter 7 and play fertile mouthful 8 that link together in proper order, its characterized in that, venturi 6 still through check valve 9 and 16 tube coupling of peristaltic pump, peristaltic pump 16 passes through the pipeline and is connected with mixed fertile jar 17 and fertilizer bucket 18 respectively, fertilizer bucket 18 has threely, installs solenoid valve 19 on the pipeline between every fertilizer bucket 18 and the peristaltic pump 16, and computer 15 is connected with controller 13 through communication cable 14, and controller 13 passes through relay 12, power line 11 and is connected with voltage regulator 10, and voltage regulator 10 is connected with 16 electricity of peristaltic pump, and the agitating unit in solenoid valve 19, water pump 3, the mixed fertile jar 17 all is controlled by controller 13.
2. A method for controlling by using the wheat water and fertilizer integrated sprinkling irrigation intelligent control system of claim 1, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the growth season of wheat; dissolving water-soluble fertilizers containing three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in three fertilizer barrels respectively according to growth seasons;
step two: respectively inputting the required quality m of three fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium into an operation panel of a computer1、m2、m3The unit is kg/mu; the fertilizer liquid is prepared according to saturation, and the solubility c of three fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are respectively input into an operation panel1、c2、c3In units of kg/L; setting the mixed fertilizer capacity V according to the size of the mixed fertilizer containerMixing ofThe unit is L;
step three: the fertilizer spraying speed of the system is 1.27 mu/h, and after the parameters are set, the computer automatically calculates the required spraying flow Q of each fertilizer liquid according to the formula (1), wherein the unit is L/h.
Figure FDA0002592397490000011
In the formula: qiThe required spraying flow rate of the fertilizer liquid i, miThe required quality of the fertilizer liquid i is as follows,
cithe solubility of the fertilizer liquid i;
step four: the computer automatically calculates the total flow Q of the fertilizer according to the formula (2)Note thatThe unit is L/h,
Qnote that＝Q1+Q2+Q3(2)
In the formula: qNote thatIs the total flow rate of fertilizer injection;
step five: the system automatically calculates the working voltage U required by the peristaltic pump according to the formula (3), wherein the unit is V, and the working voltage U is displayed on a screen;
U＝aQnote that+b (3)
In the formula: u is the pressure of the peristaltic pump for filling fertilizer, a is 0.0455, b is 23.64 and QNote thatTotal flow rate of fertilizer injection for the peristaltic pump;
step six: the computer calculates the time t required by various fertilizers to be fed into the mixed fertilizer tank according to a formula (4), and the unit is s;
Figure FDA0002592397490000021
in the formula: t is tiTime for feeding fertilizer liquid i into the fertilizer mixing tank, VMixing ofThe fertilizer is mixed with the fertilizer in a certain volume,
Qnote thatFor total flow of fertilizer, QiThe required spraying flow rate of the fertilizer liquid i is obtained;
step seven: the computer calculates the fertilizer injection time t of the peristaltic pump under the working voltage according to the formula (5)Note thatIn the unit ofs。
Figure FDA0002592397490000022
In the formula: t is tNote thatFor the time of fertilizer injection, VMixing ofFor mixed fertilizer capacity, QNote thatThe total flow rate of fertilizer injection.
Step eight: clicking on an operation panel of a computer to start operation by a maximum pump voltage system, and after the fertilizer suction time t is t1+t2+t3After, get into and mix fertile stage, mix the agitating unit in the fertile jar and stir fertilizer liquid under controller control, after the stirring, click and annotate fertile, controller control water pump, peristaltic pump will mix fertile jar interior fertilizer liquid injection venturi with annotating fertile voltage in, realize carrying out intelligence to the wheat and spray the fertilization.
3. The method for controlling by using the wheat water and fertilizer integrated sprinkling irrigation intelligent control system of claim 1, wherein in the step one, the growth cycle of wheat comprises three periods from jointing to heading, heading to pollination, and pollination to maturity.
4. The method for controlling the water and fertilizer integrated sprinkling irrigation intelligent control system for the wheat according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the fertilizer injection flow rate of the peristaltic pump ranges from 0 to A L/h, and if the calculated total required fertilizer injection flow rate exceeds A, an alarm lamp of an operation panel is turned on.
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