CN111883388B - A control circuit for driving a relay to quickly switch on and off - Google Patents
A control circuit for driving a relay to quickly switch on and off Download PDFInfo
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- CN111883388B CN111883388B CN202010715287.1A CN202010715287A CN111883388B CN 111883388 B CN111883388 B CN 111883388B CN 202010715287 A CN202010715287 A CN 202010715287A CN 111883388 B CN111883388 B CN 111883388B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
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Abstract
一种驱动继电器快速通断的控制电路，包括继电器，继电器的线圈第一节点通过升压电路连接电源，继电器的线圈第二节点通过开关控制电路接收继电器驱动信号，升压电路包括PNP型三极管、第一电阻、第二电阻、储能电容、第一二极管，PNP型三极管的发射极、第一二极管的正极与电源连接，PNP型三极管的基极经第一电阻与电源连接，PNP型三极管的集电极、储能电容的负极经第三电阻接地，第一二极管的负极、储能电容的正极连接继电器的线圈第一节点，开关控制电路包括NPN型三极管、第四电阻，PNP型三极管的基极经第二电阻、稳压管连接NPN型三极管的集电极、继电器的线圈第二节点，NPN型三极管的基极经第四电阻接收继电器驱动信号，NPN型三极管的发射极接地。
A control circuit for driving a relay to switch on and off quickly comprises a relay, wherein a first node of a coil of the relay is connected to a power supply via a boost circuit, and a second node of the coil of the relay receives a relay driving signal via a switch control circuit. The boost circuit comprises a PNP transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, an energy storage capacitor, and a first diode. The emitter of the PNP transistor and the positive electrode of the first diode are connected to the power supply, the base of the PNP transistor is connected to the power supply via the first resistor, the collector of the PNP transistor and the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor are grounded via a third resistor, the negative electrode of the first diode and the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor are connected to the first node of the coil of the relay, and the switch control circuit comprises an NPN transistor and a fourth resistor. The base of the PNP transistor is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor and the second node of the coil of the relay via the second resistor and a voltage regulator, the base of the NPN transistor receives the relay driving signal via the fourth resistor, and the emitter of the NPN transistor is grounded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of driving control of relays, in particular to a control circuit for driving the quick on-off of a relay.
Background
Relays play an important role in our daily life and various industries, such as card power-taking switches, touch doorbell in life, driving of shielding doors in rail transit, low-voltage low-current control high-voltage high-current in power equipment, pre-charging protection of frequency converters and active power filter circuits, and the like. The relay is composed of a coil and a contact, and has two working states of on-off, when the relay is turned on, a higher voltage is needed to provide enough energy for the contact actuation in the process of the contact actuation, and the contact can keep the actuation state only by a lower voltage after the contact actuation. For this case, the currently common solutions are as follows:
According to the method I, as shown in figure 3, the principle of short follow current actuation and maintenance of a coil when the relay is closed is utilized, the relay can be ensured to be actuated reliably through a high level lasting for a plurality of seconds during actuation, after the relay is actuated, PWM driving is adopted, and when PWM waves are in a trough, the relay is still maintained in an actuated state by the follow current characteristic of the coil. The method can reduce the heating of the relay coil without using double voltages, but the two ends of the relay are required to be connected with diodes in parallel, so that the relay is easy to turn off and delay, if the relay cannot be turned off rapidly when equipment fails, equipment is easy to damage, and when the relay is turned on and off by adopting PWM control, the driving time of the high level and the low level of PWM waveform is required to be the same, so that the normal driving time is longer, and the waveform requirement on PWM driving signals is higher.
In the second method, as shown in fig. 4, a dual-voltage driving mode is adopted, the high driving voltage VH is connected with the energy storage capacitor C4 through the current-limiting resistor R8, and the low driving voltage VL is connected with the energy storage capacitor C4 through the diode D5. When the relay does not work, the high driving voltage VH charges the energy storage capacitor C4, so that enough voltage can drive the contacts of the relay to attract, after the relay is attracted, the high driving voltage VH stops driving the relay under the action of the current limiting resistor R8, and the low driving voltage VL continues to supply power to the relay, so that the heating condition of the relay coil is reduced, but the mode needs double power supply, and the requirement on the power supply is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a control circuit for driving a relay to be quickly switched on and off, which can realize quick switching on and off of the relay and reduce coil loss and coil heating of the relay.
The technical scheme is that the control circuit for driving the relay to be quickly turned on and off comprises a relay, wherein a first node of a coil of the relay is connected with a power supply through a boost circuit, a second node of the coil of the relay is connected with a switch control circuit through a switch, the boost circuit comprises a PNP type triode, a first resistor, a second resistor, an energy storage capacitor and a first diode, an emitter of the PNP type triode and an anode of the first diode are connected with the power supply, a base of the PNP type triode is connected with the power supply through the first resistor, a collector of the PNP type triode and a cathode of the energy storage capacitor are grounded through a third resistor, a cathode of the first diode and an anode of the energy storage capacitor are connected with a first node of the coil of the relay, a base of the PNP type triode is connected with the switch control circuit through a second resistor and a voltage stabilizing tube in sequence, the switch control circuit comprises an NPN type triode and a fourth resistor, an emitter of the NPN type triode is respectively connected with a cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube and a second node of the coil of the relay, and a base of the NPN type triode receives a signal of the relay through the fourth resistor, and the base of the NPN type triode is grounded.
The first diode is a schottky diode.
And a second diode is connected in parallel between the collector and the emitter of the NPN triode, the anode of the second diode is connected with the emitter of the NPN triode, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the collector of the NPN triode.
The energy storage capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor.
The NPN type triode can adopt an N type field effect tube, the grid electrode of the N type field effect tube is connected with a relay driving signal, the drain electrode of the N type field effect tube is connected with a coil second node of the relay, and the source electrode of the N type field effect tube is grounded.
An RC filter circuit is connected in parallel between the base electrode of the NPN triode and the ground, and the RC filter circuit is composed of a fifth resistor and a second capacitor which are connected in parallel.
By adopting the technical scheme, the first node of the coil of the relay is connected with a power supply through the booster circuit, and the second node of the coil of the relay receives the relay driving signal through the switch control circuit, namely, the relay is turned on and off through the two circuits. The boost circuit comprises a PNP type triode, a first resistor, a second resistor, an energy storage capacitor and a first diode, wherein the emitter of the PNP type triode and the anode of the first diode are connected with a power supply, the base electrode of the PNP type triode is connected with the power supply through the first resistor, the collector electrode of the PNP type triode and the cathode of the energy storage capacitor are grounded through a third resistor, the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the energy storage capacitor are connected with a first node of a coil of a relay, the energy storage capacitor can be charged through the boost circuit, enough energy is reserved for switching on the relay, and the relay is kept in an on state by low voltage after the relay is switched on. The base of the PNP type triode is connected with a switch control circuit through a second resistor and a voltage stabilizing tube in sequence, the switch control circuit comprises an NPN type triode and a fourth resistor, the collector of the NPN type triode is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing tube and the coil second node of the relay, the base of the NPN type triode receives a relay driving signal through the fourth resistor, the emitter of the NPN type triode is grounded, the switch control circuit controls the on and off of the relay by receiving the relay driving signal, and because the NPN type triode is adopted, when the relay driving signal is in a low level, the NPN type triode is turned off, the energy storage capacitor is charged through the voltage boosting circuit, when the relay driving signal is in a high level, the instantaneous voltage of the coil first node of the relay is increased, so that the relay is quickly turned on, the voltage of the coil first node is simultaneously lowered after the relay is turned on, and the relay is kept in an on state under a small voltage. When the relay driving signal is changed from high level to low level, the NPN triode is turned off, the relay is also turned off, and the voltage stabilizing tube is connected between the second resistor and the second node of the coil of the relay, so that the voltage stabilizing tube can block the follow current action of the coil when the relay is turned off, and the turn-off of the relay is quickened. Therefore, the control circuit can realize quick on and off of the relay, can keep the relay in an on state under low voltage after the relay is driven to be on by high voltage, reduces coil loss and heating condition of the relay, can prevent reverse electromotive force generated when the relay is off from impacting the NPN triode, and has a protection effect on circuit devices.
The first diode adopts a Schottky diode, so that the switching speed is high, and when the relay coil is powered off, a follow current channel can be quickly established, and the impact of overhigh reverse electromotive force of the coil on the NPN triode is prevented.
And a second diode is connected in parallel between the collector and the emitter of the NPN type triode, the anode of the second diode is connected with the emitter of the NPN type triode, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the collector of the NPN type triode, so that the NPN type triode is prevented from being reversely conducted, and the effect of protecting a circuit device is achieved.
An RC filter circuit is connected in parallel between the base electrode of the NPN triode and the ground, and the RC filter circuit is composed of a fifth resistor and a second capacitor which are connected in parallel, so that a filter effect is achieved on a relay driving signal.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a prior art PWM driven relay;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional dual voltage driven relay.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a control circuit for driving a relay to quickly switch on and off comprises a relay Y1, wherein a first coil node of the relay Y1 is connected with a power supply through a boost circuit, and a second coil node of the relay Y1 receives a relay driving signal through a switch control circuit, namely, the relay Y1 is jointly switched on and off through the boost circuit and the switch control circuit. The booster circuit comprises a PNP type triode Q1, an energy storage capacitor C1, a first diode D1, a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 for voltage division, wherein the emitter of the PNP type triode Q1 and the positive electrode of the first diode D1 are connected with a power supply, the base electrode of the PNP type triode Q1 is connected with the power supply through the first resistor R1, the collector electrode of the PNP type triode Q1 and the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 are grounded through a third resistor R3, the third resistor R3 plays a role of limiting the current of the PNP type triode Q1 to prevent damage to the PNP type triode Q1 caused by overlarge current, the negative electrode of the first diode D1 and the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 are connected with a first node of a coil of a relay Y1, the base of the PNP triode Q1 is connected with a switch control circuit sequentially through a second resistor R2 and a voltage stabilizing tube D3, the PNP triode Q1 can be conducted through the action of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and then the PNP triode Q1, the first diode D1 and the energy storage capacitor C1 are matched to realize a bootstrap boosting function, so that the instantaneous voltage on a first node of a coil of the relay Y1 is improved, the energy storage capacitor C1 can be charged through the boosting circuit, enough energy is reserved for switching on the relay Y1, the switching on of the relay Y1 is realized, and the switching-on state of the relay Y1 is maintained by low voltage after the switching-on of the relay Y1. The energy storage capacitor C1 is an electrolytic capacitor, has large capacity and high rated withstand voltage, and can adopt an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with lower price, so that the cost of the device is reduced.
The switch control circuit comprises an NPN triode Q2 and a fourth resistor R4 for limiting current, wherein a collector electrode of the NPN triode Q2 is respectively connected with a negative electrode of a voltage stabilizing tube D3 and a coil second node of a relay Y1, an anode of the voltage stabilizing tube D3 is connected with the second resistor R2, a base electrode of the NPN triode Q2 receives a relay Y1 driving signal through the fourth resistor R4, and an emitter electrode of the NPN triode Q2 is grounded. The switch control circuit controls the on and off of the relay Y1 by receiving a relay Y1 driving signal, and because the NPN type triode Q2 is adopted, when the relay Y1 driving signal is in a low level, the NPN type triode Q2 and the PNP type triode Q1 are in an off state, a power supply in the boost circuit charges the energy storage capacitor C1 through the first diode D1, so that the energy storage capacitor C1 stores enough voltage for switching on the relay Y1, when the relay Y1 driving signal is in a high level, the NPN type triode Q2 and the PNP type triode Q1 are in an on state, at the moment, the instantaneous voltage on the coil first node of the relay Y1 rises to meet the high driving voltage required by the relay Y1, the relay Y1 is rapidly switched on, and after the relay Y1 is switched on, the voltage on the coil first node of the relay Y1 is synchronously reduced, and the relay Y1 is kept in the on state by the low voltage. When the relay driving signal is changed from high level to low level, the NPN triode Q2 is turned off, the relay Y1 is turned off, reverse voltage is induced when the relay Y1 coil is turned off due to the fact that the relay Y1 coil is equivalent to large inductance, and in order to prevent the over-high reverse electromotive force of the relay Y1 coil from impacting the NPN triode Q2, the first diode D1 adopts a Schottky diode, the switching speed is high, and when the relay Y1 coil is powered off, a freewheel channel can be built quickly. And the control circuit is connected with the voltage stabilizing tube D3 between the second resistor R2 and the second node of the coil of the relay Y1, so that when the relay Y1 is turned off, the voltage stabilizing tube D3 can block the follow current action of the coil of the relay Y1, thereby accelerating the turn-off of the relay Y1 and achieving the purpose of rapidly turning off the relay Y1.
And a second diode D2 is connected in parallel between the collector and the emitter of the NPN triode Q2, the anode of the second diode D2 is connected with the emitter of the NPN triode Q2, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected with the collector of the NPN triode Q2, so that the NPN triode Q2 is prevented from being reversely conducted, and the effect of protecting a circuit device is achieved. The NPN triode Q2 can also adopt an N-type field effect tube, the grid electrode of the N-type field effect tube is connected with the driving signal of the relay Y1, the drain electrode of the N-type field effect tube is connected with the second node of the coil of the relay Y1, and the source electrode of the N-type field effect tube is grounded.
An RC filter circuit is connected in parallel between the base electrode of the NPN triode Q2 and the ground, the RC filter circuit is composed of a fifth resistor R5 and a second capacitor C2 which are connected in parallel, the filter function is achieved on the driving signal of the relay Y1, and the voltage of the base electrode of the NPN triode Q2 is enabled to meet the conditions of on and off by dividing the driving signal of the relay Y1 through the fifth resistor R5 and the fourth resistor R4.
In this embodiment, the control circuit is specifically analyzed by taking a relay Y1 having a rated voltage of 24V, an off current of 30A, a coil resistance of 200Ω, and a release voltage of 2.4V as an example. And other circuit devices are designed as follows according to various parameters of the relay Y1.
A24V power supply is selected, and the high level of a relay driving signal is 15V, and the low level is 0.
In the switch control circuit, in order to avoid damage caused by impact of reverse electromotive force on the NPN triode Q2 after the coil of the relay Y1 is powered off, the NPN triode Q2 is selected from TIP41C with high withstand voltage, namely, parameters of the NPN triode Q2 are I CM=10A,VCE=1.2V,VBE=1.8V,VCEO=VCBO =100deg.V. The second diode D2 employs a general diode 1N4148. And according to NPN triode Q2, select the fourth resistance R4 that the resistance is 2kΩ, the resistance of fifth resistance R5 is 50kΩ, and second electric capacity C2 selects the electric capacity that withstand voltage is 63V, capacitance value is 0.1 uF.
In the boost circuit, the larger the capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor C1 is, the longer the relay Y1 can be kept at high voltage, the relay Y1 is easier to be started, but if the relay Y1 is frequently started, the sufficient charging time of the energy storage capacitor C1 cannot be ensured, the subsequent quick start of the relay Y1 is difficult to ensure, and the larger the capacitance value is, the higher the cost of the energy storage capacitor C1 is, so according to practical situations, the embodiment selects an electrolytic capacitor with a capacitance value of 47uF and withstand voltage of 50V. The model of the PNP type triode Q1 is 2N4920, that is, parameters of the PNP type triode Q1 are I CM=3A,VCE=0.6V,VBE=1.3V,VCEO=VCBO =80V. The first diode D1 is a schottky diode with the model MUR120, that is, each parameter of the first diode D1 is a reverse surge voltage maximum of 200V, an average through current of 1A, and a forward voltage drop V FM =0.875V. The resistance value of the third resistor R3 for current limiting is selected to be 10kΩ. For the selection of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, if the resistance values of the two resistors are too large, the current generated when the coil of the relay Y1 is powered off cannot quickly form follow current through the voltage stabilizing tube D3, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the first diode D1, at this time, the relay Y1 is quickly disconnected, but the reverse electromotive force generated by the coil of the relay Y1 is very large to cause damage to the NPN transistor Q2, if the resistance values of the two resistors are too small, the follow current is quickened, but the disconnection time of the coil is prolonged, and at this time, the NPN transistor Q2 is damaged due to the fact that the current is too large, so that the resistance values of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 selected in the embodiment are 200 Ω. The model of the voltage stabilizing tube D3 is BZX84C16, and the voltage stabilizing voltage is 16V.
The specific workflow of the control circuit of this embodiment is as follows:
When the relay driving signal is at a low level in the initial power-on process, the NPN triode Q2 is turned off, the relay is in a turned-off state, the PNP triode Q1 is also in a turned-off state because the base voltage is about 24V, the power supply charges the energy storage capacitor C1 through the first diode D1, the voltage of the energy storage capacitor rises from 0 to about 24V-0.875 V= 23.125V, and the voltage is reserved for turning on the relay.
When the relay driving signal is changed from low level to high level, the NPN transistor Q2 is turned on, the voltage of the second node of the coil of the relay is about 1.2V, the base voltage of the PNP transistor Q1 is about 24- (24-0.7-1.2)/2=13v, as shown in I2 in fig. 2, at this time, the PNP transistor Q1 is turned on, and the voltage of the first node of the coil of the relay is instantaneously increased to 24-1.3+23.125=45.8v, so that the relay is turned on by high voltage driving, and after the relay is turned on, the voltage of the first node of the coil of the relay is reduced from 45.8V to 23.125V, that is, the relay is kept in a stable on state by low voltage, as shown in I1 in fig. 2.
When the relay driving signal is changed from high level to low level, the NPN triode Q2 is turned off, reverse electromotive force is induced due to the fact that the relay coil is of a large inductance, so that follow current is formed with the voltage stabilizing tube D3, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the first diode D1, as shown in the I3 of fig. 4, the blocking voltage of the voltage stabilizing tube D3 is 16V, the relay coil can enter a follow current state only when the reverse voltage induced by the relay coil is larger than the blocking voltage by 16V, therefore the follow current of the relay coil is blocked through the voltage stabilizing tube D3, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, when the voltage of the relay Y1 is larger than 16V, the follow current can be formed rapidly due to the Schottky diode adopted by the first diode D1, impact of the reverse voltage on the NPN triode Q2 is avoided, the relay coil can be turned off when the voltage of the relay coil is reduced to 16V, and the closing speed of the relay Y1 is accelerated.
According to the analysis, the control circuit realizes quick switching on and off of the relay through matching of the boost circuit and the switch control circuit, after the relay is driven to be switched on by high voltage, the relay can be kept in a switched-on state under low voltage, coil loss and heating condition of the relay are reduced, impact of reverse electromotive force generated when the relay Y1 is switched off on the NPN triode Q2 can be prevented, a circuit device is protected, and in addition, the control circuit is powered through a single power supply, and a power supply circuit can be greatly simplified.
Claims (6)
1. A control circuit for driving a relay to quickly turn on and off comprises the relay and is characterized in that a first node of a coil of the relay is connected with a single power supply through a boost circuit, a second node of the coil of the relay receives a relay driving signal through a switch control circuit, the boost circuit comprises a PNP type triode, a first resistor, a second resistor, an energy storage capacitor and a first diode, an emitter of the PNP type triode and an anode of the first diode are connected with the power supply, a base of the PNP type triode is connected with the power supply through the first resistor, a collector of the PNP type triode and a cathode of the energy storage capacitor are grounded through a third resistor, a cathode of the first diode and an anode of the energy storage capacitor are connected with the first node of the coil of the relay, a base of the PNP type triode is connected with the switch control circuit through a second resistor and a voltage stabilizing tube in sequence, the switch control circuit comprises an NPN type triode and a fourth resistor, an emitter of the NPN type triode is respectively connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube and the second node of the relay, and a base of the NPN type triode receives a signal through the fourth resistor, and the base of the NPN type triode is grounded.
2. The control circuit for driving the relay to be turned on and off rapidly according to claim 1, wherein the first diode is a Schottky diode.
3. The control circuit for quickly switching on and off a driving relay according to claim 1, wherein a second diode is connected in parallel between the collector and the emitter of the NPN type triode, the anode of the second diode is connected with the emitter of the NPN type triode, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the collector of the NPN type triode.
4. The control circuit for driving the relay to be quickly switched on and off according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor.
5. The control circuit for quickly switching on and off a driving relay according to claim 1, wherein the NPN type triode is an N type field effect transistor, a grid electrode of the N type field effect transistor is connected with a relay driving signal, a drain electrode of the N type field effect transistor is connected with a coil second node of the relay, and a source electrode of the N type field effect transistor is grounded.
6. The control circuit for quickly switching on and off a driving relay according to claim 1, wherein an RC filter circuit is connected in parallel between the base electrode of the NPN triode and the ground, and the RC filter circuit is composed of a fifth resistor and a second capacitor which are connected in parallel.
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| CN202010715287.1A CN111883388B (en) | 2020-07-23 | 2020-07-23 | A control circuit for driving a relay to quickly switch on and off |
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| CN114496651A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-13 | 固德威电源科技(广德)有限公司 | A relay drive circuit |
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| CN208460663U (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2019-02-01 | 江苏固德威电源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of relay driving control circuit |
| CN209150014U (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-07-23 | 贵阳中医学院 | A low power consumption DC contactor drive circuit |
| CN212659489U (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2021-03-05 | 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司 | A control circuit for fast on-off of a driving relay |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111883388A (en) | 2020-11-03 |
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