CN111854855A - On-line monitoring method and device for multi-scenario cable fire characteristics - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of automatic intelligent monitoring, in particular to a multi-scene cable fire characteristic quantity online monitoring method, which comprises the following steps: monitoring the set frequency of the gas of a specified type in a specified position of a measured scene; monitoring the temperature of a specified position in a measured scene at a set frequency; monitoring the set frequency of the smoke particles at a specified position in a detected scene, comparing the set frequency with the set gas concentration, temperature and smoke particle concentration alarm threshold value, and at the same moment, when the gas monitoring result of any type at any position in the gas monitoring result and/or the temperature monitoring result of any position in the temperature monitoring result; and/or alarming when the smoke particle monitoring result at any position in the smoke particle monitoring result reaches an alarm threshold value. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a multi-scene cable fire characteristic quantity online monitoring device. By the method and the device, the cable can be continuously monitored in real time in 24 hours in a remote way, and the fire early warning capability of the cable is improved.

Description

On-line monitoring method and device for multi-scenario cable fire characteristics

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of automated intelligent monitoring, and in particular to a method and device for online monitoring of multi-scene cable fire characteristic quantities.

Background technique

In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's economy, fires caused by electrical appliances have increased year by year, and fires caused by wires and cables account for a considerable proportion. Fires caused by wires and cables are usually caused by the aging and damage of the outer sheath of the cable, resulting in a decrease in its insulation, resulting in a short circuit of the cable; some are also caused by the arc explosion and combustion of the cable caused by the excessive contact resistance in the cable, and the fire is along the cable line. The spread of the fire further increases the hazard of the fire. At the same time, the plastic insulating layer of the wire and cable will generate a lot of smoke and toxic gas during the combustion, which will affect the evacuation of personnel and bring great difficulties to the escape and rescue of the fire scene. At present, there is a single method of fire detection in cable channels, and it is difficult for operation and maintenance personnel to monitor the fire situation and fire development in the channel in real time. Once a fire occurs, if the corresponding disposal cannot be carried out in time in the early stage of the fire, it will cause greater property losses. Therefore, fire prevention has become one of the most urgent and important tasks for power cables. How to determine the characteristics of multi-scenario cable fires, and then study the emergency detection technology of the characteristics, and develop the detection technology of cable channel fire networking, it is very important to improve the level of cable channel fire monitoring. important meaning.

In view of the above-mentioned existing defects, the inventor of the present invention actively conducts research and innovation based on years of rich practical experience and professional knowledge engaged in the design and manufacture of such products, and cooperates with the application of theories, in order to create a multi-scene cable fire feature quantity online monitoring method and method. device to make it more practical.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an on-line monitoring device for multi-scenario cable fire characteristic quantities, thereby effectively solving the problems in the background technology, and also provides an online monitoring method for multi-scenario cable fire characteristic quantities implementing the above method, which has the same technical effect .

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

Multi-scene cable fire feature online monitoring device, including:

A gas monitoring unit that monitors the gas concentration in the measured scene;

A temperature monitoring unit that monitors the temperature in the scene under test;

A smoke particle monitoring unit that monitors the concentration of smoke particles in the scene under test;

power supply;

The host system includes a power supply driving module, a processor, a communication module and an antenna structure, the power supply driving module is respectively connected with the power supply, the processor and the communication module to realize the power supply of the processor and the communication module, and the processing The device is respectively connected with the gas monitoring unit, the temperature monitoring unit and the smoke particle monitoring unit, and after processing the acquired data, the data is transmitted through the communication module and the antenna structure;

The alarm device is connected with the host system, and alarms when the data processed by the processor is abnormal.

Further, an explosion-proof casing is also included, and the host system is arranged in the explosion-proof casing.

Further, the gas monitoring unit includes a gas collector, a drying bin, a power device and a gas sensor;

The gas collector and the power device are arranged outside the explosion-proof housing, the drying bin is arranged inside the explosion-proof housing, and the power device is connected to the power supply drive module for collecting the gas from the explosion-proof housing. The gas from the gas collector provides flow power to reach the drying chamber, the drying chamber is used to collect the gas to be detected from at least one of the gas collectors, and the gas sensor is arranged inside the explosion-proof housing and located in the drying chamber. Outside the silo, it is used to detect the gas after drying.

Further, the explosion-proof housing includes:

A body with an inner cavity for providing installation space;

an inner cover plate, which blocks the open end of the inner cavity;

an outer layer cover plate, covering the top of the inner layer cover plate;

The inner cover plate is provided with a first through hole, the outer cover plate is provided with a second through hole, and a gas channel with the second hole as an end;

A switch device is provided at the first hole position, which is used to communicate the inner cavity and the gas channel when the pressure of the inner cavity exceeds a set value.

Further, the switch device includes:

a rubber sealing cover, arranged on the outer side of the inner cover plate;

a spring, the first hole is a stepped hole, and the outer aperture is larger than the inner aperture, and the spring is mounted on the outer aperture;

The fuse wire penetrates the local position of the rubber sealing cover, and the two ends respectively penetrate the inner cover plate;

The mounting seat is attached and connected to the inner side of the inner layer cover plate, and is provided with a third hole position corresponding to the first hole position, and two conductive posts, and the two ends of the fuse wire respectively penetrate through the mounting seat, and is connected with the conductive column, and the two conductive columns are respectively connected with the power supply driving module;

a pressure sensor, used for detecting the pressure of the inner cavity, and connected to a processor, the processor controls the power supply current of the fuse wire through the power supply driving module according to the pressure detection result, and when the fuse wire is blown, The pulling force on the rubber sealing cover is released, and the rubber sealing cover releases the blocking of the first hole under the action of the spring.

Further, the outer cover plate is also provided with a wire groove, one end of the wire groove is communicated with the second hole, and the other end corresponds to the wire hole located on the inner layer cover. It is used to lead out the pipeline in the inner cavity, and the pipeline is led out from the second hole position through the wire groove.

An on-line monitoring method for multi-scenario cable fire characteristic quantity, which is used in the above-mentioned multi-scenario cable fire characteristic quantity on-line monitoring device, includes the following steps:

Gas monitoring: monitor the specified type of gas in the specified location of the scene under test with a set frequency to obtain gas monitoring results;

Temperature monitoring: monitor the temperature of the specified location in the scene under test with a set frequency to obtain the temperature monitoring results;

Smoke particle monitoring: monitor the smoke particles at the specified location of the scene under test with a set frequency to obtain the smoke particle monitoring results;

Compare with the set gas concentration, temperature and smoke particle concentration alarm thresholds, at the same time, when the gas monitoring results of any type in any position in the gas monitoring results, and/or the temperature monitoring results in any position in the temperature monitoring results As a result, and/or when the smoke particle monitoring result at any position in the smoke particle monitoring result reaches the alarm threshold, an alarm is performed.

Further, the gas includes at least carbon dioxide gas and carbon monoxide gas.

Further, during the gas monitoring process, a part of the gas to be measured in the measured scene is acquired, and the gas is monitored after the gas is dried.

Further, the monitoring of the gas includes mixed monitoring of gas at at least two designated locations, and each of the designated locations is correspondingly monitored for temperature and/or smoke particles.

Through the technical scheme of the present invention, the following technical effects can be achieved:

Through the monitoring method and device of the present invention, no manual data identification is required, the concentration and temperature data of the toxic gas are directly obtained through the sensor, and the data is directly compared through the processor. Intermittent remote real-time monitoring improves cable fire early warning capability. The invention is convenient and quick to use, and the monitoring results are intuitive. It is suitable for multi-scenario cable environments such as cable tunnels, cable trenches, cable pipes, and cable wells. At the same time, it can store test data in the cloud to form a test history database, which can effectively compare with historical data. Compare outliers.

Description of drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments described in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the online monitoring method of multi-scenario cable fire characteristic quantity;

Fig. 2 is the frame diagram of the multi-scene cable fire characteristic quantity on-line monitoring device;

Fig. 3 is the frame diagram of gas monitoring unit;

Fig. 4 is the exploded schematic diagram of explosion-proof housing;

5 is an exploded schematic view of the inner cover plate and the switchgear at a first angle;

Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged view of A place in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of outer layer sealing plate;

8 is an exploded schematic view of the inner cover plate and the switchgear at a second angle;

Figure 9 is an exploded schematic view of the inner cover plate and the switchgear at a third angle;

Fig. 10 is a partial enlarged view at C in Fig. 9;

Figure 11 is a partial anatomical view of the switchgear installation position;

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a partial assembly at the installation position of the switchgear;

Figure 13 is a partial enlarged view at D in Figure 7;

Reference numerals: 1. Main body; 11. Inner cavity; 2. Inner cover plate; 21. First hole; 22. Conductor hole; 3. Outer sealing plate; 31, Second hole; 32, Gas channel ; 33, wire groove; 4, switch device; 41, rubber sealing cover; 411, hanging ear; 42, spring; 43, mounting seat; 431, third hole position; 432, conductive column; 44, fuse wire.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation or a specific orientation. construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between the two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations. This embodiment is written in a progressive manner.

As shown in Figures 2 to 13, the multi-scenario cable fire feature quantity online monitoring device includes: a gas monitoring unit for monitoring the gas concentration in the measured scene; a temperature monitoring unit for monitoring the temperature in the measured scene; The smoke particle monitoring unit that monitors the concentration of smoke particles in the scene under test; the power supply is used for power supply. The system is powered by two power supply modes: 220V AC power supply and lithium battery power supply. During the implementation process, to ensure the stability of the system power supply , a large-capacity energy storage filter capacitor can be added to the circuit; the host system includes a power supply drive module, a processor, a communication module and an antenna structure. Power supply, the processor is respectively connected with the gas monitoring unit, the temperature monitoring unit and the smoke particle monitoring unit, after processing the acquired data, the data transmission is carried out through the communication module and the antenna structure; the alarm device is connected with the host system, in An alarm is issued when the data processed by the processor is abnormal.

Due to the complex application scenarios and too many internal circuits in the host system, in some special cases, the circuit aging and short circuit problem will cause heating and generate a lot of smoke, which will lead to burning or even explosion. As a preferred option of the above embodiment, an explosion-proof casing is also included, and the host system is arranged in the explosion-proof casing.

As a preference of the above embodiment, the gas monitoring unit includes a gas collector, a drying chamber, a power device and a gas sensor; the gas collector and the power device are arranged outside the explosion-proof casing, the drying chamber is arranged inside the explosion-proof casing, and the power device is connected to the power supply The drive module is connected to provide circulation power for the gas from the gas collector to reach the drying chamber. The drying chamber is used to collect the gas to be detected from at least one gas collector. The gas sensor is arranged inside the explosion-proof housing and is located outside the drying chamber. , which is used to detect the gas after drying.

The multi-scene cable fire feature quantity online monitoring device in the present invention can use a suction pump as a power device, and the suction pump is connected to the drying chamber through the opening reserved in the explosion-proof casing; as described in the above embodiment, carbon monoxide gas can be collected And hydrogen chloride gas as the characteristic quantity, by using high-precision sensor, the resolution can reach 0.01-5ppm. The processor controls the startup, shutdown and inhalation rate of the power unit, and the gas enters the gas sensor after drying in the drying chamber, tests the concentration of toxic gas, and transmits the data to the processor in real time.

In the implementation process, the temperature monitoring unit can adopt distributed optical fiber temperature measurement or adopt the patch method to obtain the acquisition probe, which is arranged along the cable, the processor controls the time interval of temperature data acquisition, and records the temperature data.

In the present invention, the NB-IOT gain antenna is used to regularly upload monitoring data through the wireless network to provide data for the data center; or while the power frequency current is transmitted through the power line, it is used to transmit the carrier signal to provide data for the data center. It can be adapted to specific occasions. The data upload mode is timing transmission, the data upload period is adjustable, the time interval can be set (continuous, 5 minutes-24 hours, 5 minutes progressive), the time interval of the collection cycle can be set (continuous, 5 minutes-1 hour, 5 minutes progressive).

The intelligent detection device of the present invention does not need manual data identification, directly obtains the concentration and temperature data of the toxic gas through the sensor, and directly compares the data through the processor, and directly alarms when the safety value is exceeded. The invention is convenient and quick to use, and the detection results are intuitive, and is suitable for multi-scenario cable environments such as cable tunnels, cable trenches, cable pipes, and cable wells. Compare outliers.

As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 , the explosion-proof housing includes: a main body 1 with an inner cavity 11 for providing an installation space, wherein a drying chamber, a gas sensor, a power supply driving module, a processor and a communication Modules, etc. are installed in the inner cavity 11, so as to obtain a stable space to ensure the normal operation; the inner cover plate 2 seals the open end of the inner cavity 11; the outer cover plate 3 covers the inner cover plate 2 top; the inner cover plate 2 is provided with a through first hole 21, the outer cover plate 3 is provided with a through second hole 31, and a gas channel 32 with the second hole 31 as the end; A switch device 4 is provided at the position of the first hole 21 for connecting the inner cavity 11 and the gas channel 32 when the pressure in the inner cavity 11 exceeds the set value, so that the high-pressure environment passes through the gas channel 32 and the second hole. 31 communicates with the outside world, thereby reducing the internal pressure and avoiding explosion due to high pressure.

In view of the explosion-proof requirements, the thickness of the main body 1 and the inner cover plate 2 needs to be guaranteed. In this preferred solution, the gas channel 32 is arranged on the outer cover plate 3, which effectively reduces the structural complexity of the inner layer cover plate 2, thereby reducing the complexity of the structure. Effectively ensure its structural strength and improve the explosion-proof level. During the installation process, the main body 1 , the inner layer cover plate 2 and the outer layer cover plate 3 can be fixed by connecting pieces, wherein a sealing structure can be set on the bonding surface between the three to ensure the internal air tightness . The pressure relief channel formed between the first hole 21 , the gas channel 32 and the second hole 31 can avoid the risk of explosion in the inner cavity 11 , and when an open flame occurs in the inner cavity 11 , the open flame can be blocked to avoid causing damage to the external environment. Influence, among them, the gas channel 32 is preferably a serpentine channel, which has a better blocking effect on the open flame.

Preferably, the switch device 4 includes: a rubber sealing cover 41 arranged on the outer side of the inner cover plate 2; a spring 42, the first hole position 21 is a stepped hole position, and the outer aperture is larger than the inner aperture, and the spring 42 is installed in the The outer aperture part; the fuse wire 44, which penetrates the local position of the rubber sealing cover 41, and the two ends respectively penetrate the inner layer cover plate 2; the mounting seat 43 is attached to the inner side of the inner layer cover plate 2 and is provided with a first hole. The third hole 431 corresponding to the position 21, and the two conductive posts 432, the two ends of the fuse wire 44 respectively penetrate the mounting seat 43 and are connected to the conductive posts 432, and the two conductive posts 432 are respectively connected to the power supply drive module; the pressure sensor is used for The pressure of the inner cavity 11 is detected and connected to the processor. The processor controls the power supply current of the fuse wire 44 through the power supply drive module according to the pressure detection result. When the fuse wire 44 is blown, the tension on the rubber sealing cover 41 is released, and the rubber sealing cover 41 releases the blocking of the first hole 21 under the action of the spring 42 .

In this preferred solution, always pay attention to the pressure of the inner cavity. When the pressure of the inner cavity 11 exceeds the set value, the current of the fuse wire 44 can be controlled by the processor, so as to obtain the fuse current corresponding to the set temperature. When the fuse wire 44 is intact At the time, the rubber sealing cover 41 can be tightened by the fixing of the conductive column 432, so that it is attached to the outer surface of the inner cover plate 2, and the sealing effect can be effectively ensured through the elastic attachment. When the fuse wire 44 is blown , the tension on the rubber sealing cover 41 is released, and the spring 42 pushes the rubber sealing cover 41 away from the inner cover plate 2 so that the first hole 21 is turned on to realize pressure relief, and the pressure value is directly used as the switch device 4 The working signal is more accurate and sensitive; as a preference of this embodiment, the inner wall of the rubber sealing cover 41 is provided with a hanging lug 411 for the fuse wire 44 to pass through. This preferred solution also has the following beneficial effects, when the inner cavity 11 The internal circuit is damaged by the open flame, so that when the signal transmission between the pressure sensor and the processor cannot be carried out normally, the internal pressure can still act on the rubber sealing cover 41 through the third hole 431 and the first hole 21 , when the pressure is large enough, the opening can be achieved through the destruction of the hanging lugs 411 .

In order to ensure the strength of the main body 1, the outer cover plate 3 is also provided with a wire groove 33. One end of the wire groove 33 is connected to the second hole position 31, and the other end corresponds to the wire hole 22 located on the inner layer cover plate 2. The wire hole 22 is used to lead out the pipeline in the inner cavity 11, and the pipeline is led out from the second hole 31 through the wire groove 33. In this preferred solution, it is ensured that the main body 1 is not damaged, and the inner cover plate 2 The damage to the structure is also less, wherein a sealing structure can be set in the wire groove 33 to seal around the pipeline, wherein the pipeline includes any required electric wires, communication lines or gas pipelines, etc., and can also be located in the second hole position. 31 The exterior is sealed.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the method for online monitoring of multi-scenario cable fire characteristic quantities, which is used in the above-mentioned online monitoring device for multi-scenario cable fire characteristic quantities, includes the following steps:

S1. Gas monitoring: monitor the specified type of gas in the specified location of the scene under test with a set frequency to obtain gas monitoring results;

S2. Temperature monitoring: monitor the temperature of the specified location in the scene under test with a set frequency to obtain the temperature monitoring results;

S3: Smoke particle monitoring: monitor the smoke particles at the specified location of the scene under test with a set frequency to obtain the smoke particle monitoring results;

S4. Compare with the set gas concentration alarm threshold, temperature alarm threshold and smoke particle concentration alarm threshold;

S5. At the same time, when any type of gas monitoring results at any position in the gas monitoring results, and/or temperature monitoring results at any position in the temperature monitoring results, and/or smoke particle monitoring at any position in the smoke particle monitoring results When the result reaches the alarm threshold, an alarm is performed.

The plastic insulating layer of the cable will generate a large amount of smoke and toxic gas during the combustion. According to the relevant research conclusions of the cable pyrolysis, the toxic gas will be generated in the early stage of the cable fire. Therefore, in the present invention, the gas monitoring result is used as the characteristic quantity of the cable fire to be monitored; in addition, , temperature data is also an important fire characteristic quantity, so in the above embodiment, the temperature of the designated location is also monitored, and the fire risk can be realized by combining the monitoring of the above two indicators to analyze the risk of fire occurrence. Among them, the gas includes at least carbon dioxide gas (CO ₂ ) and carbon monoxide (CO) gas, and hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas can also be selected according to needs, and common monitoring can be carried out specifically for the above gases, so as to ensure the accuracy of monitoring results.

During the implementation process, steps S1 to S3 do not exist in a sequential order, they can be performed separately or simultaneously, and can be used independently as the basis for alarming, or the combined result of the three can be used as the basis for alarming. During comprehensive evaluation, it is necessary to ensure the synchronization of data acquisition, that is, the acquisition time needs to be the same.

The method of the present invention is suitable for multi-scenario cable environments such as cable tunnels, cable trenches, cable pipes and cable wells. As a preference of the above-mentioned embodiment, in order to ensure the accuracy of the gas monitoring results, during the gas monitoring process, the gas to be measured in a part of the scene to be measured is acquired, and the gas is monitored after drying the gas.

In the implementation process, in order to improve the efficiency of gas monitoring and reduce the difficulty of calculation, in this preferred solution, the gas monitoring includes the mixed monitoring of gases at at least two designated positions. A single calculation is used to determine whether an abnormality occurs within the monitoring range. Of course, in this method, it is more important to establish the correspondence between the gas collection point, the temperature monitoring point and the smoke particle monitoring point, so that when the mixed gas monitoring is abnormal, the combination of Judgment of each temperature point to comprehensively evaluate the location of the fire. Of course, the temperature changes in the early stage of the fire are relatively small. For example, the gases at 5 locations are mixed, and when the concentration of one of the gases is abnormally monitored, a comprehensive evaluation is made in combination with the temperature changes at the 5 locations. For example, there is a temperature difference of 3 °C between the upper limit and the lower limit. In the normal monitoring process, the above temperature difference is often ignored, but in this preferred solution, because the change in gas concentration reflects the early stage of the fire, so The above-mentioned smaller temperature value should also be used as an indicator for abnormal judgment, and at least a second confirmation of the position with the highest temperature is required to ensure that there is no fire hazard.

The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Various changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. The multi-scene cable fire feature quantity online monitoring device is characterized in that, comprising: A gas monitoring unit that monitors the gas concentration in the measured scene; A temperature monitoring unit that monitors the temperature in the scene under test; A smoke particle monitoring unit that monitors the concentration of smoke particles in the scene under test; power supply; The host system includes a power supply driving module, a processor, a communication module and an antenna structure, the power supply driving module is respectively connected with the power supply, the processor and the communication module to realize the power supply of the processor and the communication module, and the processing The device is respectively connected with the gas monitoring unit, the temperature monitoring unit and the smoke particle monitoring unit, and after processing the acquired data, the data is transmitted through the communication module and the antenna structure; an alarm device, connected with the host system, to alarm when the data processed by the processor is abnormal; It also includes an explosion-proof casing, and the host system is arranged in the explosion-proof casing. 2. The multi-scene cable fire feature quantity online monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the gas monitoring unit comprises a gas collector, a drying bin, a power device and a gas sensor; The gas collector and the power device are arranged outside the explosion-proof housing, the drying bin is arranged inside the explosion-proof housing, and the power device is connected to the power supply drive module for collecting the gas from the explosion-proof housing. The gas from the gas collector provides flow power to reach the drying chamber, the drying chamber is used to collect the gas to be detected from at least one of the gas collectors, and the gas sensor is arranged inside the explosion-proof housing and located in the drying chamber. Outside the silo, it is used to detect the gas after drying. 3. The multi-scene cable fire feature quantity online monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the explosion-proof housing comprises: a main body (1) with an inner cavity (11) for providing installation space; an inner layer cover plate (2) for sealing the open end of the inner cavity (11); an outer cover plate (3) covering the top of the inner cover plate (2); The inner cover plate (2) is provided with a first through hole (21), the outer cover plate (3) is provided with a second through hole (31), and the second hole (31) is arranged on the outer cover plate (3). The hole (31) serves as the gas channel (32) at the end; A switch device (4) is provided at the position of the first hole position (21), which is used to communicate the inner cavity (11) with the gas channel (when the pressure of the inner cavity (11) exceeds a set value) 32). 4. The multi-scenario cable fire feature quantity online monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the switch device (4) comprises: a rubber sealing cover (41), arranged on the outer side of the inner cover plate (2); a spring (42), the first hole position (21) is a stepped hole position, and the outer aperture is larger than the inner aperture, and the spring (42) is mounted on the outer aperture portion; A fuse wire (44) penetrates a local position of the rubber sealing cover (41), and two ends respectively penetrate the inner cover plate (2); The mounting seat (43) is attached and connected to the inner side of the inner cover plate (2), and is provided with a third hole position (431) corresponding to the first hole position (21), and two conductive pillars (432) ), both ends of the fuse wire (44) penetrate the mounting seat (43) respectively, and are connected with the conductive pillars (432), and the two conductive pillars (432) are respectively connected with the power supply driving module; A pressure sensor, used for detecting the pressure of the inner cavity (11), and connected to a processor, the processor controls the power supply current of the fuse (44) through the power supply driving module according to the pressure detection result, when all the When the fuse wire (44) is blown, the pulling force on the rubber sealing cover (41) is released, and the rubber sealing cover (41) is released from the first hole position (21) under the action of the spring (42). ) blocking. 5. The multi-scenario cable fire feature quantity online monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, a wire groove (33) is further provided on the outer sealing plate (3), and one end of the wire groove (33) is provided. communicates with the second hole (31), and the other end corresponds to a wire hole (22) located on the inner cover plate (2), and the wire hole (22) is used for supplying the inner cavity (11) ) is led out, and the pipeline is led out from the second hole (31) through the wire groove (33). 6. The method for online monitoring of multi-scenario cable fire characteristic quantities, characterized in that, for the multi-scenario cable fire characteristic quantity online monitoring device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps: Gas monitoring: monitor the specified type of gas in the specified location of the scene under test with a set frequency to obtain gas monitoring results; Temperature monitoring: monitor the temperature at the specified location of the scene under test with a set frequency to obtain temperature monitoring results; Smoke particle monitoring: monitor the smoke particles at the specified location of the scene under test with a set frequency to obtain the smoke particle monitoring results; Compare with the set gas concentration, temperature and smoke particle concentration alarm thresholds, at the same time, when the gas monitoring results of any type in any position in the gas monitoring results, and/or the temperature monitoring results in any position in the temperature monitoring results As a result, and/or when the smoke particle monitoring result at any position in the smoke particle monitoring result reaches the alarm threshold, an alarm is performed. 7 . The method for online monitoring of multi-scenario cable fire characteristic quantities according to claim 6 , wherein the gas at least comprises carbon dioxide gas and carbon monoxide gas. 8 . 8 . The method for online monitoring of multi-scenario cable fire characteristics according to claim 6 , wherein, during the gas monitoring process, a part of the gas to be measured in the measured scene is acquired, and the monitoring is performed after drying the gas. 9 . . 9 . The method for online monitoring of multi-scenario cable fire characteristics according to claim 8 , wherein the monitoring of the gas includes the mixed monitoring of gases at at least two designated positions, and each of the designated positions corresponds to temperature measurement. 10 . and/or smoke particle monitoring.

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