CN111850330B - Device and method for preparing bimetal multi-layer material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating - Google Patents

Device and method for preparing bimetal multi-layer material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating Download PDF

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CN111850330B
CN111850330B CN202010781684.9A CN202010781684A CN111850330B CN 111850330 B CN111850330 B CN 111850330B CN 202010781684 A CN202010781684 A CN 202010781684A CN 111850330 B CN111850330 B CN 111850330B
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induction heating
steel plate
copper alloy
box body
guide groove
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CN111850330A (en
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接金川
李廷举
王同敏
张宇博
曹志强
卢一平
康慧君
陈宗宁
郭恩宇
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/16Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C22B4/06Alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C22B4/08Apparatus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/08Alloys based on copper with lead as the next major constituent

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing a bimetal multi-layer material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating, wherein the device comprises a combination device, a heat preservation device, an automatic temperature measurement and control device, a cooling device and a traction device which are sequentially arranged from front to back; the combining device comprises a sealing box body, a mold filling device, a medium-frequency smelting furnace, a high-frequency induction heating coil and an argon protection device, wherein through grooves for steel plates to pass through are formed in the longitudinal two ends of the sealing box body; the lower end of the mold filling device is positioned in the sealed box body; a melt outlet at the lower end of the intermediate frequency smelting furnace is connected with the upper end of the mold filling device; the high-frequency induction heating coil is positioned in the sealed box body and positioned on the front side of the mold filling device; the argon protection device is arranged on the sealed box body. Compared with the prior art, the invention can effectively improve the quality of the steel backing-antifriction copper alloy composite material by regulating and controlling the temperature and time at different stages in the preparation process.

Description

Device and method for preparing bimetal multi-layer material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bimetal composite materials, in particular to a device and a method for preparing a bimetal composite material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating.
Background
The bimetal multiple layer material is a novel material which utilizes a composite technology to firmly combine two metal pipes with different properties at an interface in a layered mode, breaks through the traditional technology in the aspects of material performance and optimization due to the advanced production process and the combination of the respective characteristics of the two metals, has excellent characteristics incomparable with a single metal, and is widely applied to a plurality of fields such as aerospace, military weapons, transportation, electronic information and the like.
At present, a plurality of methods for preparing the metal clad layer material are available, and the metal state at the interface in the bonding process can be roughly divided into the following two types: "solid-liquid compounding" and "solid-solid compounding". If the method is divided according to the process attributes in the combination process, the 'solid-liquid compounding' includes a casting compounding method, a hot dipping method, a cladding casting forming method and the like, and the 'solid-solid compounding' includes a rolling compounding method, an extrusion compounding method, an explosion compounding method and the like.
The solid/liquid composite method is suitable for casting alloy composite or large bimetal composite casting blanks. However, in the process of interface recombination, more or less metal oxides exist on the surface of a solid material, which is not beneficial to bimetal full-interface metallurgical recombination, and the properties of the composite material are greatly influenced by the solidification structure of liquid metal in the preparation process of the composite material.
For example, engine bearing bushes are typically bimetallic composites consisting of a steel backing and a copper-based friction reducing layer, making full use of the strength of the steel backing and the self-lubricity and embeddability of the antifriction copper alloy. At present, the widely used composite board material is a copper-lead-tin alloy-carbon steel bearing bush material, and the main preparation methods thereof include powder metallurgy sintering rolling, composite static casting method, centrifugal casting method, particle induction centrifugal casting method and the like. But they all have their own drawbacks, such as:
the bearing bush material obtained by adopting a powder metallurgy sintering rolling composite method has low tissue density and poor interface bonding; the static pouring method has the problems of casting defects, Pb element segregation and the like; the centrifugal casting method and the particle induction centrifugal casting method have serious Pb element segregation and poor quality stability.
The invention patent with the application number of 200810150089.4 discloses a continuous casting heat compounding device and a method for preparing a copper-lead alloy-steel bearing bush material, wherein the heating device is induction heating and radiation heating, a heat preservation heating device does not exist, the heating interval is long, the heating efficiency is low, and the shape distribution of a tail end layer solidification structure and a lead-rich phase is easily influenced by strong cooling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for preparing a bimetal clad material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating, which are used for improving the quality of a steel backing-antifriction copper alloy composite material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention discloses a device for preparing a bimetal multi-layer material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating, which comprises a combination device, a heat preservation device, an automatic temperature measurement and control device, a cooling device and a traction device which are sequentially arranged from front to back; the combination device comprises a sealed box body, a mold filling device, a medium-frequency smelting furnace, a high-frequency induction heating coil and an argon protection device, wherein through grooves for steel plates to pass through are formed in the two longitudinal ends of the sealed box body; the lower end of the mold filling device is positioned in the sealed box body; a melt outlet at the lower end of the intermediate frequency smelting furnace is connected with the upper end of the mold filling device; the high-frequency induction heating coil is positioned in the sealed box body and positioned on the front side of the mold filling device; the argon protection device is arranged on the sealed box body and is used for filling argon into the sealed box body; the edges of two lateral sides of the steel plate are bent upwards to form a groove, and the antifriction copper alloy melt flows into the groove.
Preferably, the combining device further comprises a melt flow control device, and the melt flow control device is positioned in the intermediate frequency smelting furnace.
Preferably, the mold filling device comprises a first guide groove and a second guide groove which are obliquely arranged and are communicated with each other, the bottom of the first guide groove is rectangular, the bottom of the second guide groove is trapezoidal, the lower end of the first guide groove is communicated with the upper end of the second guide groove, a plurality of flow guide partition plates are vertically fixed at the bottom of the second guide groove, the upper ends of the flow guide partition plates divide the bottom of the second guide groove into equal parts, and the lower ends of the partition plates divide the bottom of the second guide groove into equal parts.
Preferably, the portion of the high-frequency induction heating coil located below the steel plate has a downwardly convex arc structure, so that the distance between two lower edges of the steel plate and the high-frequency induction heating coil is smaller than the distance between the middle portion of the lower side of the steel plate and the high-frequency induction heating coil.
Preferably, the cooling device comprises a water cooling device and an air cooling device, the water cooling device is positioned below the steel plate and used for cooling the steel plate, and the air cooling device is positioned above the antifriction copper alloy melt and used for cooling the antifriction copper alloy melt.
The invention also discloses a method for preparing the bimetal clad material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating, and the device for preparing the bimetal clad material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating comprises the following steps:
1) weighing raw materials of cathode copper, pure lead and pure tin to prepare a mixture with the components of Cu-24 wt.% Pb-2 wt.% Sn;
2) smelting an antifriction copper alloy melt with uniform components by a medium-frequency smelting furnace;
3) cleaning the steel plate, and preliminarily obtaining a clean surface by adopting an online polishing mode;
4) under the action of an argon protection device, heating the steel plate to 600-1200 ℃ within 2-3s through a high-frequency induction coil;
5) opening the melt flow control device, and enabling the antifriction copper alloy melt flow to uniformly flow onto the steel plate through the mold filling device;
6) the steel plate and the antifriction copper alloy melt are drawn forwards at a constant speed under the action of a drawing device, and the drawing speed is 0.5-4 m/min;
7) starting a power supply of the heat preservation device, and maintaining the surface temperature of the antifriction copper alloy melt at 1000-1150 ℃ with the help of the automatic temperature measurement and control device;
8) and when the steel plate and the antifriction copper alloy melt pass through the cooling device, starting the cooling device to cool the steel back-antifriction copper alloy composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the invention utilizes the rapid electromagnetic induction heating to prepare the high-quality bimetal composite material, on one hand, the retention time of a steel plate in a high-temperature area is reduced, the oxidation of the steel plate is reduced, on the other hand, for the formed iron oxide, the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients between the steel plate and the oxide is utilized, so that the oxide bears the tensile stress in the rapid heating process, and when the tensile stress exceeds the breaking strength of the iron oxide and the separation stress from the steel back, the iron oxide can fall off. The fresh steel backing matrix is directly contacted with the high-temperature copper alloy solution, and mutual diffusion of Cu and Fe occurs, so that interface metallurgical bonding of the steel backing-antifriction copper alloy composite material is formed.
2. The invention utilizes the rapid induction heating to shorten the retention time of the steel backing in a high-temperature area, reduce or inhibit the growth and coarsening of high-temperature austenite grains of the steel backing material, and inhibit harmful widmannstatten structures formed in the cooling process; the invention properly prolongs or increases the time of the medium temperature stage by arranging the heat preservation device, thereby promoting the nucleation and the growth of the beneficial ferrite; according to the invention, the cooling device is arranged, so that the formation of bainite is promoted and the content of bainite is properly controlled at a low-temperature stage, and the generation of martensite is effectively avoided. Through the effective and accurate regulation and control, the steel backing material forms a ferrite microstructure and a bainite microstructure which are in the most appropriate proportion and have the optimal performance matching.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for preparing a bimetal clad material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating according to this embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the mold filling apparatus of FIG. 1;
description of reference numerals: 1. an argon protection device; 2. a high-frequency induction heating coil; 3. a mold filling device; 4. sealing the box body; 5. a steel plate; 6. steel backing-antifriction copper alloy composite material; 7. antifriction copper alloy melt; 8. a melt flow control device; 9. a medium-frequency smelting furnace; 10. a heat preservation device; 11. a cooling device; 12. an automatic temperature measurement and control device; 13. a traction device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for preparing a bimetal clad material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating, which are used for improving the quality of a steel backing-antifriction copper alloy composite material.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present embodiment provides an apparatus for preparing a bimetal clad material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating, which includes a combination apparatus, a thermal insulation apparatus 10, an automatic temperature measurement and control apparatus 12, a cooling apparatus 11, and a traction apparatus 13, which are sequentially arranged from front to back.
Wherein, the combination device comprises a sealing box body 4, a filling device 3, a medium-frequency smelting furnace 9, a high-frequency induction heating coil 2 and an argon protection device 1, and through grooves for steel plates 5 to pass through are arranged at the longitudinal two ends of the sealing box body 4. The fuse-element export of intermediate frequency smelting furnace 9 lower extreme links to each other with the upper end of filling type device 3, and the lower extreme that fills type device 3 is located sealed box 4, and the antifriction copper alloy fuse-element 7 that the intermediate frequency smelting furnace 9 lower extreme flowed out flows through filling type device 3 and evenly spreads on steel sheet 5. The high-frequency induction heating coil 2 is positioned in the sealed box body 4 and is positioned at the front side of the mold filling device 3. The argon protection device 1 is arranged on the sealed box body 4 and used for filling argon into the sealed box body 4. The edges of the two lateral sides of the steel plate 5 are bent upwards to form grooves, and the antifriction copper alloy melt 7 flows into the grooves. Theoretically, the grooves are filled with the antifriction copper alloy melt 7, and the depth of the grooves is the thickness of the antifriction copper alloy melt 7.
The steel plate 5 passes through a combination device, a heat preservation device 10, an automatic temperature measurement and control device 12, a cooling device 11 and a traction device 13 in sequence under the traction of the traction device 13. And after the automatic temperature measurement and control device measures the temperature of the antifriction copper alloy melt 7, the automatic temperature measurement and control device is used for assisting in adjusting the heat preservation device 10 and adjusting the heat preservation temperature.
In order to facilitate the control of the flow of the friction-reduced copper alloy melt 7, the joining device of this embodiment further comprises a melt flow control device 8, the melt flow control device 8 being located in the intermediate frequency smelting furnace 9.
In order to improve the uniformity of the distribution of the antifriction copper alloy melt 7 on the steel plate 5, the mold filling device 3 of the embodiment comprises a first guide groove and a second guide groove which are obliquely arranged and are communicated with each other. The tank bottom of first guide way is the rectangle, and the tank bottom of second guide way is trapezoidal, and the lower extreme of first guide way communicates with the upper end of second guide way. A plurality of flow guide partition plates are vertically fixed at the bottom of the second guide groove, the upper ends of the flow guide partition plates equally divide the upper end of the bottom of the second guide groove, and the lower ends of the partition plates equally divide the lower end of the bottom of the second guide groove. The second guide groove is divided into a plurality of runners by the flow guide partition plates, and the upper ends of the bottoms of the second guide grooves are equally divided by the upper ends of the flow guide partition plates, so that the flow rates of the antifriction copper alloy melts 7 flowing into the runners are the same. And because the lower ends of the plurality of partition plates equally divide the lower end of the groove bottom of the second guide groove, the thickness of the antifriction copper alloy melt 7 flowing out of the lower ends of the plurality of runners is the same, and the antifriction copper alloy melt is uniformly distributed on the steel plate 5.
In order to improve the heating effect of the edge portion of the steel plate 5, the portion of the high frequency induction heating coil 2 located below the steel plate 5 in the present embodiment has a downwardly convex arc structure, and the distance between the two lower edges of the steel plate 5 and the high frequency induction heating coil 2 is smaller than the distance between the middle portion of the lower side of the steel plate 5 and the high frequency induction heating coil 2.
In this embodiment, the cooling device 11 includes a water cooling device and an air cooling device. The water cooling device is positioned below the steel plate 5 and used for cooling the steel plate 5. The air cooling device is positioned above the antifriction copper alloy melt 7 and is used for cooling the antifriction copper alloy melt 7.
The embodiment also provides a method for preparing a bimetal clad material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating, and the device for preparing the bimetal clad material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating comprises the following steps:
1) raw materials, cathode copper (purity 99.97 wt.%), pure lead (purity 99.97 wt.%), and pure tin (purity 99.97 wt.%) were weighed and formulated to have a composition of Cu-24 wt.% Pb-2 wt.% Sn.
2) Smelting the antifriction copper alloy melt 7 with uniform components by a medium-frequency smelting furnace 9.
3) And cleaning the steel plate 5, and primarily obtaining a clean surface by adopting an online polishing mode so as to be beneficial to later-stage compounding. In this embodiment, the steel plate 5 is a JAE1010 carbon steel plate 5, and the width thereof is 100-300 mm.
4) Under the protection of argon gas filled in the argon gas protection device 1, the steel plate 5 in the sealed box body 4 is heated to 600-1200 ℃ within 2-3s by a high-frequency induction coil. The lower side edge of the steel plate 5 is closer to the steel plate 5, so that the heating temperature of the lower side edge of the steel plate 5 is 50-100K higher than the heating temperature of the middle part of the lower side of the steel plate 5, and the steel plate 5 can be well metallurgically bonded with copper alloy at the edge part.
5) The melt flow control device 8 is opened, and the antifriction copper alloy melt 7 flows through the mold filling device 3 and uniformly flows onto the steel plate 5. The spreading thickness of the antifriction copper alloy melt 7 on the steel plate 5 can be controlled to be 3-6mm, and the melt flow in unit time is 0.2-0.3m3/h。
Since the steel plate 5 is oxidized to various degrees during the high-temperature heating, the oxide and the matrix of the steel plate 5 are cracked simultaneously due to the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients during the rapid heating. On heating at high temperature, the oxide grows with a thickness that is linear with time t and can be expressed as:
X=kt
wherein X is the oxide thickness and k is the linear oxidation coefficient.
The steel sheet 5 and the oxide have a difference in thermal expansion coefficient at a high temperature, for example, the steel back and the oxide (Fe) at an alloy temperature of 1000 ℃2O3) Has a difference of about 3X 10 in linear thermal expansion coefficient-6Therefore, the difference in strain generated between the two is 0.36%.
In the presence of Fe/Fe2O3Under the condition of interface constraint, when the interface stress exceeds the breaking strength of the oxide film, the oxide will crack, and the oxide on the surface of the steel plate 5 is peeled off under the rapid electromagnetic induction heating condition. In addition, the copper alloy melt can further bring cracked iron oxide into the interior of the copper alloy during the flowing process, and the iron-rich oxide is found at the surface of the copper alloy, and the source of the iron-rich oxide can be concluded to be caused by the cracking and stripping of the iron-rich oxide at the interface at high temperature and is brought into the alloy melt.
6) The steel plate 5 and the antifriction copper alloy melt 7 are drawn forwards at a constant speed under the action of the drawing device 13, and the drawing speed is 0.5-4 m/min.
7) The power supply of the heat preservation device 10 is started, and the surface temperature of the antifriction copper alloy melt 7 is maintained at 1000-1150 ℃ with the help of the automatic temperature measurement and control device 12. In this embodiment, the heat-insulating device 10 is an electromagnetic induction coil, the frequency of which is 15-30kHz, and the power of which is 20-60 kW. With the help of the automatic temperature measuring and controlling device 12, the surface temperature of the copper alloy melt is maintained at 1000-1150 ℃.
8) And when the steel plate 5 and the antifriction copper alloy melt 7 pass through the cooling device 11, starting the cooling device 11 to cool the steel backing-antifriction copper alloy composite material 6. The temperature and the flow of the circulating constant-temperature cooling water of the water cooling device are respectively 15 ℃ and 0.8-1.2m3The cooling gas flow rate of the gas cooling device is 0.6-0.8m 3/h.
The interface of the bimetal composite plate after subsequent finish machining is well combined, and the anti-friction copper alloy layer does not fall off in the 180-degree bending experiment process.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A device for preparing a bimetal clad material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating is characterized by comprising a combination device, a heat preservation device, an automatic temperature measurement and control device, a cooling device and a traction device which are sequentially arranged from front to back; the combination device comprises a sealed box body, a mold filling device, a medium-frequency smelting furnace, a high-frequency induction heating coil and an argon protection device, wherein through grooves for steel plates to pass through are formed in the two longitudinal ends of the sealed box body; the lower end of the mold filling device is positioned in the sealed box body; a melt outlet at the lower end of the intermediate frequency smelting furnace is connected with the upper end of the mold filling device; the high-frequency induction heating coil is positioned in the sealed box body and positioned on the front side of the mold filling device; the argon protection device is arranged on the sealed box body and is used for filling argon into the sealed box body; the edges of two transverse sides of the steel plate are bent upwards to form grooves, and the antifriction copper alloy melt flows into the grooves;
the part of the high-frequency induction heating coil, which is positioned below the steel plate, is of a downward convex arc structure, so that the distance between two edges of the lower side of the steel plate and the high-frequency induction heating coil is smaller than the distance between the middle part of the lower side of the steel plate and the high-frequency induction heating coil.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bonding apparatus further comprises a melt flow control device, the melt flow control device being located within the intermediate frequency melting furnace.
3. The apparatus for preparing a bimetal clad material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating according to claim 1, wherein the mold filling apparatus comprises a first guide groove and a second guide groove which are obliquely arranged and are communicated with each other, the bottom of the first guide groove is rectangular, the bottom of the second guide groove is trapezoidal, the lower end of the first guide groove is communicated with the upper end of the second guide groove, a plurality of flow guide partition plates are vertically fixed on the bottom of the second guide groove, the upper ends of the flow guide partition plates equally divide the bottom of the second guide groove, and the lower ends of the partition plates equally divide the bottom of the second guide groove.
4. The device for preparing the bimetal clad material by the rapid electromagnetic induction heating according to claim 1, wherein the cooling device comprises a water cooling device and an air cooling device, the water cooling device is positioned below the steel plate and used for cooling the steel plate, and the air cooling device is positioned above the antifriction copper alloy melt and used for cooling the antifriction copper alloy melt.
5. A method for preparing a bimetal clad material by using rapid electromagnetic induction heating according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) weighing raw materials of cathode copper, pure lead and pure tin to prepare a mixture with the components of Cu-24 wt.% Pb-2 wt.% Sn;
2) smelting an antifriction copper alloy melt with uniform components by a medium-frequency smelting furnace;
3) cleaning the steel plate, and preliminarily obtaining a clean surface by adopting an online polishing mode;
4) under the action of an argon protection device, heating the steel plate to 600-1200 ℃ within 2-3s through a high-frequency induction coil;
5) opening the melt flow control device, and enabling the antifriction copper alloy melt flow to uniformly flow onto the steel plate through the mold filling device;
6) the steel plate and the antifriction copper alloy melt are drawn forwards at a constant speed under the action of a drawing device, and the drawing speed is 0.5-4 m/min;
7) starting a power supply of the heat preservation device, and maintaining the surface temperature of the antifriction copper alloy melt at 1000-1150 ℃ with the help of the automatic temperature measurement and control device;
8) and when the steel plate and the antifriction copper alloy melt pass through the cooling device, starting the cooling device to cool the steel back-antifriction copper alloy composite material.
CN202010781684.9A 2020-08-06 2020-08-06 Device and method for preparing bimetal multi-layer material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating Active CN111850330B (en)

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