CN111837693A - Cultivation method for enhancing lycopene - Google Patents
Cultivation method for enhancing lycopene Download PDFInfo
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- CN111837693A CN111837693A CN202010897703.4A CN202010897703A CN111837693A CN 111837693 A CN111837693 A CN 111837693A CN 202010897703 A CN202010897703 A CN 202010897703A CN 111837693 A CN111837693 A CN 111837693A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for enhancing lycopene, which comprises spectral irradiation and water and fertilizer application, and is characterized in that the spectral irradiation adopts a red light and blue light ratio; the water and fertilizer application and irrigation can greatly enhance the content of lycopene by controlling the water content of soil and controlling nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizers in the fertilizers at different stages of the growth period to be added in half.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for enhancing lycopene.
Background art:
lycopene is a component extracted from mature tomato, and is a unique carotenoid with a cyclic structure and without oxygen element.
Lycopene is widely distributed in nature, mainly exists in tomatoes, and also has partial content in watermelons, pumpkins and grapefruits.
Lycopene in tomatoes and products thereof is the most important source of carotenoids in the diet, and lycopene obtained from tomatoes by a human body accounts for more than 80% of the total intake. The red crystals of lycopene are among the strongest antioxidants found in food.
Lycopene also enhances the amino acid conversion groups in food, i.e., the ratio of carotene, thereby greatly improving the flavor and mouthfeel of food.
In recent years, consumers have demanded not only sensory qualities such as tomato appearance and flavor but also an increasing demand for their intrinsic nutritional value, and the substances forming the flavor and nutritional quality of tomatoes include: sugar, acid, sugar-acid ratio, lycopene, etc.
Lycopene has strong ability of scavenging free radicals, the ability of scavenging singlet oxygen is 100 times that of vitamin E which is a common antioxidant at present, and is more than 2 times that of beta-carotene, has obvious effects of preventing and treating prostatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, digestive tract cancer, uterine cancer and the like, can reduce skin cancer and bladder cancer, and can also reduce the incidence rate of risks of various tumors, cardiovascular diseases and the like.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides a cultivation method for enhancing lycopene, which aims to improve the content of lycopene in tomatoes.
The cultivation method comprises the following steps:
the lycopene in the tomato is effectively enhanced mainly by spectral irradiation and water and fertilizer application, wherein the spectral irradiation is irradiation by adopting red light and blue light and combination of the red light and the blue light; the water and fertilizer application can effectively enhance the content of lycopene by controlling the water content of soil and controlling the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer at different stages of growth period.
Furthermore, the spectrum irradiation adopts a 60W LED artificial light source, the combined illumination ratio of the red spectrum and the blue spectrum is 7:2, the spectrum irradiation is carried out at the position 15cm below a plant growing point, and the irradiation light sources at all positions are not interfered with each other.
Furthermore, the spectrum irradiation is covered by a black shading net before the fruit bearing green stage, and the additional artificial spectrum irradiation is not needed, so that the accumulation of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen of the fruits can be promoted.
Furthermore, the spectrum irradiation adopts blue light irradiation in the period from the green maturing stage to the color conversion stage, and the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar are respectively increased by 39.8% and 40.3% compared with the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar which naturally grow.
Further, the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar which are naturally grown are respectively increased by 5.5% and 21.5% by adopting red light irradiation from the color conversion period to the maturation period.
Furthermore, the spectrum irradiation increases the content of vitamin C from the color conversion period to the mature period simultaneously by 70.8% compared with the natural growth, and can also effectively reduce the content of nitrate of the tomato by 17.5% compared with the natural growth.
Further, the spectrum irradiation adopts red spectrum irradiation from the color conversion period to the mature period, so that the conversion of non-protein nitrogen to protein nitrogen is promoted, and the content of lycopene can be promoted to be improved by 20%.
Furthermore, the spectrum irradiation is carried out for 5 hours by adopting red and blue light spectrums with the illumination ratio of 7:2 before picking fruits and uncovering the curtain, and the spectrum irradiation is increased by 5.7 percent compared with the lycopene of naturally grown fruits.
Further, the water and fertilizer application and irrigation method comprises the steps of dividing the water and fertilizer application and irrigation method into an organic ecological underground groove type matrix, wherein the groove width of the matrix is 70cm, the interval of the matrix grooves is 1m, the matrix components are cow dung or chicken dung or pig dung, plant ash, coconut chaff or straw, the ratio of the mixture ratio is 2:4:4, the organic matter content is 30.6%, the N, P, K content is 1.71%, 1.99% and 0.45% respectively, the EC value of the matrix is 2.56, the pH value is 7.5, the organic matter is 62% by dry matrix, the three-leaf one-core planting is adopted for plant seedlings, and the plant spacing and the row spacing are 45cm and 30cm respectively.
Further, the water and fertilizer application and irrigation is realized by adopting film large water ridge irrigation in the growth period, the water holding amount is 24 percent, and the whole growth period is divided into 7 times of fertilizer application and irrigation.
Furthermore, the water and fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizer is applied in a half-reduced mode in comparison with the conventional fertilizer in the growth period.
Furthermore, in the whole growth process, a fruit control pruning mode of 7 spike fruit topping and single-pole pruning is adopted for tomato plants.
The spectral irradiation test of the invention is designed in three stages, namely before picking fruits and uncovering the curtain, after uncovering the curtain and before uncovering the curtain; the irradiation time was set to 0 hour, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, and 7 hours, and the lycopene content was measured and compared.
The water for water fertilizer application and irrigation is deep underground water, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the water is 2.96mg/L, the content of ammonium nitrogen in the water is 0.26mg/L, and the content of phosphorus, potassium, chromium and cadmium is not detected.
The invention adopts the design of the splitting area, the irrigation amount is designed into decrement irrigation W1 and conventional irrigation W2, and the conventional irrigation amount is about 1200 mm; the total amount of the decrement irrigation treatment is 700mm, which is 42 percent less than the conventional irrigation amount.
Fertilizing and irrigating 7 times in the whole period, irrigating in large water ridges, and obtaining the irrigation quantity according to the reading of a water meter; the fertilizing amount is designed to be CK without fertilizing; f1 is fertilized by half, the organic fertilizer is not more than 30.6 percent, F2 is fertilized conventionally, additional fertilizer is not added during planting, the adding proportion of accumulated nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of F1 is 2:4:4, the content of organic matters is 30.6 percent, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.71 percent, 1.99 percent and 0.45 percent respectively, and the adding amount of F2 is 1 time of that of F1.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the irradiation time with the lycopene content according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the irradiation pattern of the present invention with the lycopene content.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing water and fertilizer irrigation with lycopene content according to the present invention.
Description of the labeling: w1-irrigation with reduced amount; w2-conventional irrigation; CK-no fertilization; f1-fertilizer application by half; f2-conventional fertilization.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The irradiation spectrum of the invention adopts a 60W LED artificial light source, the combined illumination ratio of the red spectrum and the blue spectrum is 7:2, the LED artificial light source is arranged 15cm below a plant growing point for irradiation, and the irradiation light sources at all positions are not interfered with each other.
Before the fruit bearing green stage, the fruits are covered by a black shading net without additional artificial spectrum irradiation, and the accumulation of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen of the fruits can be promoted.
In the period from the green maturing stage to the color conversion stage, blue light irradiation is adopted, and the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar are respectively increased by 39.8% and 40.3% compared with those of the total sugar and reducing sugar which naturally grow.
In the period from color conversion period to mature period, the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in natural growth is increased by 5.5% and 21.5% respectively by red light irradiation.
During the period from the color conversion period to the mature period, the content of vitamin C is increased by 70.8% compared with the natural growth by red light irradiation, and meanwhile, the content of nitrate in the tomatoes can be effectively reduced by 17.5% compared with the natural growth.
During the period from color conversion to mature period, red spectrum irradiation is adopted to promote the conversion of non-protein nitrogen to protein nitrogen and the increase of lycopene content by 20%.
The lycopene growth rate of the fruit is increased by 5.7 percent compared with that of the naturally grown fruit by irradiating the fruit for 5 hours by adopting red and blue light spectrums with the illumination ratio of 7:2 before picking and uncovering.
The water and fertilizer application and irrigation method comprises the steps of dividing the water and fertilizer application into an organic ecological underground groove type matrix, wherein the width of the matrix groove is 70cm, the interval of the matrix groove is 1m, the matrix components are cow dung or chicken dung or pig dung, plant ash, coconut chaff or straw, the ratio of the mixture ratio is 2:4:4, the content of organic matters is 30.6 percent, the content of N, P, K is 1.71 percent, 1.99 percent and 0.45 percent respectively, the EC value of the matrix is 2.56, the pH value is 7.5, the content of the organic matters is 62 percent based on dry matrix, three leaves and one core are adopted for plant planting on plant seedlings, and the plant spacing and the row spacing are 45cm and 30cm respectively.
In the growth period, irrigation is carried out in large water furrows with a film, the water retention is 24 percent, and the whole growth period is divided into 7 times of fertilization and irrigation.
The water fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizer is applied in a half-reduced mode in comparison with the conventional fertilizer in the growth period.
In the whole growth process, a tomato plant adopts a fruit control pruning mode of 7 ear fruit topping and single-pole pruning.
The method adopts a fission design, the irrigation quantity is designed into decrement irrigation W1 and conventional irrigation W2, and the conventional irrigation quantity is about 1200 mm; the total amount of the decrement irrigation treatment is 700mm, which is 42 percent less than the conventional irrigation amount.
The water and fertilizer application and irrigation method comprises the steps of dividing the water and fertilizer application into organic ecological underground groove type matrixes, wherein the groove widths of the matrixes are 70cm, the intervals of the matrix grooves are 1m, the components of the matrixes are cow dung or chicken dung or pig dung, plant ash and coconut chaff or straws, the ratio of the mixture ratio of the matrix grooves to the matrix grooves is 2:4:4, the content of organic matters is 30.6 percent, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.71 percent, 1.99 percent and 0.45 percent respectively, the EC value of the matrixes is 2.56, the pH value is 7.5, the content of organic matters is 62 percent based on dry matrixes, the three leaves and the center are adopted for planting plant seedlings, and 36 plants are planted in each groove, wherein the plant spacing and the row.
After seedling slowing, 7-ear fruits of the tomatoes are topped, single-pole pruning is adopted, single-factor random block test design is adopted, an LED (red: blue: 7:2) artificial light source is used for irradiating the lower side of a plant growing point by about 15cm, double rows of LED lamps are inclined downwards at an included angle of 45 degrees, and the light sources for treatment are not interfered with each other.
Example 1:
Example 2:
designing 3 groups, wherein the irradiation is respectively carried out for 5 hours before curtain uncovering, 5 hours after curtain covering and 2.5 hours before curtain uncovering and after curtain covering, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the content of lycopene is shown in figure 2.
Example 3
The method adopts a fission design, the irrigation quantity is designed into decrement irrigation W1 and conventional irrigation W2, and the conventional irrigation quantity is about 1200 mm; the total amount of the decrement irrigation treatment is 700mm, which is 42 percent less than the conventional irrigation amount.
The method adopts a fission design, the irrigation quantity is designed into decrement irrigation W1 and conventional irrigation W2, and the conventional irrigation quantity is about 1200 mm; the total amount of decrement irrigation treatment is 700mm, which is 42 percent less than the conventional irrigation amount, fertilization and irrigation are carried out for 7 times in the whole period, irrigation is carried out between large water ridges, and the irrigation amount is obtained according to the reading of a water meter; the fertilizing amount is designed to be 3, namely CK is not fertilized; f1 is fertilized in a half amount, and the organic fertilizer is not more than 30.6 percent; conventional fertilization F2. The cumulative adding proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of F1 is 2:4:4, the content of organic matter is 30.6%, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.71%, 1.99% and 0.45%, and the adding amount of F2 is 1 time of that of F1.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (12)
1. A cultivation method for enhancing lycopene comprises spectral irradiation and water and fertilizer application, and is characterized in that the spectral irradiation adopts red and blue light and the combination of red and blue light; the water and fertilizer application can effectively enhance the content of lycopene by controlling the water content of soil and controlling the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer at different stages of growth period.
2. A cultivation method of enhanced lycopene according to claim 1, wherein said spectral illumination uses 60W LED artificial light source, the combined illumination ratio of red and blue light spectrum is 7:2, and it is placed 15cm under the plant growing point for illumination, and the illumination light sources do not interfere with each other.
3. A cultivation method of enhanced lycopene according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said spectral irradiation is covered with black sunshade net before the fruit bearing green stage without additional artificial spectral irradiation to promote the accumulation of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen of fruit.
4. A cultivation method of enhanced lycopene according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said spectral irradiation, in the period from the green stage to the color-changing stage, with blue light irradiation, increases the content of total sugar and reducing sugar, which are naturally grown, by 39.8% and 40.3%, respectively.
5. A cultivation method of enhanced lycopene according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said spectral irradiation is increased 5.5% and 21.5% with red light irradiation from color transition period to maturation period, respectively, compared to the total sugar and reducing sugar contents of natural growth.
6. A cultivation method of enhanced lycopene as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said spectral irradiation, from the color transition stage to the maturation stage, red light irradiation simultaneously increases the vitamin C content by 70.8% compared to the natural growth, and simultaneously, effectively reduces the nitrate content of tomato by 17.5% compared to the natural growth.
7. A cultivation method of enhanced lycopene as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said spectrum irradiation is performed by red spectrum irradiation during the fruit bearing color transition period to mature period, which promotes the conversion of non-protein nitrogen to protein nitrogen and increases lycopene content by 20%.
8. A cultivation method of enhanced lycopene according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said spectral irradiation is 5 hours of red and blue light spectrum irradiation with illumination ratio of 7:2 before picking fruit and uncovering, which is 5.7% higher than lycopene of naturally growing fruit.
9. The cultivation method of enhanced lycopene according to claim 1, wherein said water and fertilizer application comprises organic ecotype underground groove type substrate, the width of substrate groove is 70cm, the interval of substrate groove is 1m, the substrate components are cow dung or chicken dung or pig dung, plant ash, coconut chaff or straw, the ratio is 2:4:4, the organic matter content is 30.6%, N, P, K content is 1.71%, 1.99%, 0.45% substrate EC value is 2.56, pH value is 7.5, organic matter is 62% by dry substrate, three leaves and one core are adopted for field planting in plant seedling, the plant spacing and row spacing are 45cm, 30cm respectively.
10. A method of cultivating enhanced lycopene as claimed in claim 9, wherein said water and fertilizer application is carried out by applying water-furrow irrigation with large film in the growth cycle with water retention of 24%, and the whole growth cycle is divided into 7 times of fertilizer application and irrigation.
11. A method of cultivating enhanced lycopene as claimed in claim 9, wherein said water and fertilizer application is carried out by halving the amount of fertilizer application compared to the conventional amount during the growth cycle.
12. A cultivation method of enhanced lycopene according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein tomato plants are pruned by a fruit control pruning method of 7 spike fruit topping and single-stem pruning.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112314228A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-05 | 华南农业大学 | Method for promoting tomato fruit development and lycopene accumulation through red light supplement |
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| CN109984024A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of cultivation method of tomatoes based on light water coincidence |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109984024A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of cultivation method of tomatoes based on light water coincidence |
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| CN112314228A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-05 | 华南农业大学 | Method for promoting tomato fruit development and lycopene accumulation through red light supplement |
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Application publication date: 20201030 |