CN111823974A - 热电柔性垫 - Google Patents

热电柔性垫 Download PDF

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CN111823974A
CN111823974A CN202010300345.4A CN202010300345A CN111823974A CN 111823974 A CN111823974 A CN 111823974A CN 202010300345 A CN202010300345 A CN 202010300345A CN 111823974 A CN111823974 A CN 111823974A
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pad
absorbent structure
doped
fabric
threads
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于尔根·格林瓦尔德
斯蒂芬·霍佩
托马斯·普阿德勒尔
格哈德·斯潘
阿诺·魏纳
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Mahle International GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种热电柔性垫，其特别用于调节机动车辆的车辆座椅的温度。所述垫包括第一大表面和与所述第一大表面相反的第二大表面。所述垫还包括多个p掺杂元件和多个n掺杂元件，所述p掺杂元件和n掺杂元件经由导电的导体桥彼此交替地电互连成串联电路中。串联电路的各个导体桥至少部分地被分配到所述垫的第一大表面和所述垫的第二大表面，使得所述垫的第一大表面形成热侧面，并且所述第二大表面形成冷侧面，反之亦然。根据本发明，垫包括具有吸收性的吸收结构，其连接热侧面和冷侧面。因此，任何冷凝或存在于所述冷侧面上的液体能够被吸收到吸收结构中，并且经由所述吸收结构输送到所述热侧面。

Description

热电柔性垫
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的热电柔性垫，该热电柔性垫特别被提供用于调节机动车辆的车辆座椅的温度。
背景技术
为了提高机动车辆中的乘客的舒适度，当前正在进行关于调节内表面、特别是车辆座椅的温度的工作。特别地，为此能够使用热电垫。当冷却内表面时，周围空气的露点降低，因此，包含在周围空气中的水能够冷凝。如果冷凝水没有从热电垫排出，则能够使其湿透。当前现有技术中没有已知的用于排出冷凝水的解决方案。
因此本发明的目的是为通用类型的热电柔性垫提出改进的或至少替代的实施例，其中，克服了所描述的缺点。
根据本发明，该目的通过独立权利要求1的主题解决。有利的实施例是从属权利要求的主题。
发明内容
特别提供一种热电柔性垫，该热电柔性垫用于调节机动车辆的车辆座椅的温度，并且具有第一大表面和与所述第一大表面相反的第二大表面。此外，所述垫包括多个p掺杂元件和n掺杂元件，这些p掺杂元件和n掺杂元件经由导电的导体桥彼此交替地电互连，以形成串联电路。所述元件能够例如由半导体材料组成。串联电路的各个导体桥至少部分地被分配到垫的第一大表面和垫的第二大表面，使得垫的第一大表面表示热侧面，并且垫的第二大表面表示冷侧面，反之亦然。根据本发明，垫包括具有吸收性的吸收结构，该具有吸收性的吸收结构连接垫的热侧面和冷侧面。然后，冷凝或存在于冷侧面上的液体能够被吸收到吸收结构中，并且经由吸收结构输送到热侧面。在冷侧面上，热量被吸收，并且在热侧面上吸收的热量加上消耗的电能被释放。具有吸收性的吸收结构连接冷侧面和热侧面，并且能够通过毛细效应、或通过Marangoni效应、或通过吸入效应在冷侧面上吸收液体，并且通过毛细作用力将该液体输送到热侧面。当例如冷凝水或汗水的液体存在于垫的冷侧面上时，该液体通过吸收结构被吸收，并且输送到垫的热侧面。在热侧面上，来自吸收结构的液体能够蒸发，并且蒸发的液体被释放到周围环境中。在热侧面上，能够以对流的方式支持蒸发的液体的部分输送，例如通过风扇或通过用于对流散热的任何器件。在理想情况下，含有液体的吸收结构不会饱和，使得液体能够连续地从冷侧面输送到热侧面，并且释放到周围环境中。
当液体在冷侧面上冷凝时，产生冷凝热。相应地产生额外的电能，该额外的电能能够根据乘客的舒适感确定并且相应地进行调整。通过将液体输送到热侧面并且随后将其在热侧面上蒸发，能够另外产生有利于散热的额外的冷却效果。因为散热始终是主要挑战之一，因此能够提高热电垫的效率。液体的冷凝焓和蒸发焓在很大程度上彼此对应。相反，由于消耗的电能，在实际工作情况下的加热输出总是基本上大于冷却输出，使得在热侧面上产生的热量总是足以蒸发在冷侧面上冷凝的液体。
在根据本发明的垫中，存在或冷凝于冷侧面上的液体能够被输送到热侧面，并且释放到周围空气中。特别地，因此能够防止在极端情况下发生的垫的湿透，并且显著提高乘客的舒适度。在垫中不存在且不需要另外的活动零件，使得垫保持免维护。具有吸收性的吸收结构比较节省成本，使得垫的成本没有增加或仅是不明显地增加。此外，垫所需的安装空间没有增加或仅是不明显地增加。此外，垫的效率能够通过在热侧面上的液体的蒸发来提高。
在热电垫的有利实施例中设置所述垫为织物。织物包括多个第一线和多个第二线。第二线优选是电绝缘的。然后，第一线形成织物的经线，并且第二线形成织物的纬线，反之亦然。此外，第一线由p掺杂的线部分和n掺杂的线部分以及设置在其之间的导电的第一线部分和导电的第二线部分交替形成。p掺杂的第一线部分形成垫的相应的p掺杂的P元件，并且n掺杂的第一线部分形成垫的相应的n掺杂的N元件。然后，设置在其之间的第二线部分形成垫的相应的导电桥。在目前的情况下，选择术语“线”仅是为了更好地理解织物的结构。因此，第二线能够由电绝缘泡沫材料的泡沫材料块形成。第一线能够由宽的柔性网形成，该宽的柔性网包括p掺杂的、n掺杂的和导电的网部分。然后，能够以以下方式形成织物，引导柔性网围绕未变形的或仅轻微变形的泡沫材料块，或与这些泡沫材料块缠绕在一起。相应的网部分相对于冷侧面或热侧面设置在泡沫材料块上，并且在相邻的泡沫材料块之间。
有利地，具有吸收性的吸收结构能够由多个吸收线独立于实施例形成。在此，吸收线中的至少一些能够在冷侧面与热侧面之间垂直于所述冷侧面和热侧面延伸。有利地，吸收线中的至少一些的横截面能够是圆形或椭圆形或四边形。然而，还可以想象的是不同形状的吸收线的横截面。吸收线中的至少一些的直径能够是0.5mm至1.5mm。吸收线中的至少一些能够由多个单独的线编织而成。在热电织物中，吸收线中的至少一些能够邻接在织物的第一线之后。还可以想象的是，吸收线中的至少一些至少部分地嵌入到第二线中。此外，可以想象的是，吸收线中的至少一些设置在相邻的第二线之间。
在具有吸收性的吸收结构的有利实施例中能够设置使得该具有吸收性的吸收结构能够由亲水纤维、或亲水颗粒、或亲水模塑化合物组成。具有吸收性的吸收结构能够由共轭纤维、或混合纺纱纤维、或短纤维形成。可以想象的是，具有吸收性的吸收结构由无纺织物、或织物、或针织物、或加捻面料形成。具有吸收性的吸收结构能够由空心纤维或实心纤维形成。
具有吸收性的吸收结构能够由合成的或天然的有机材料、或无机材料、或这些材料的组合组成。可能的合成有机材料是例如粘胶基、纤维素基、聚烯烃和聚烯烃基，特别是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯-1、聚戊烯-1以及其统计共聚物或嵌段共聚物—聚酯和聚酯基。对于天然有机材料，例如，可以想到的是棉花或麻。对于无机材料，例如能够采用陶瓷。
有利地，具有吸收性的吸收结构能够由具有芯与外壳的两部分纤维组成。在此，芯和/或外壳能够由聚乙烯、或聚丙烯、或聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、或聚酯，特别是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-间苯二甲酸酯共聚物，或聚酰胺，特别是聚己二酰己二胺组成。聚己二酰己二胺也是已知的商标尼龙
Figure BDA0002453755860000041
。亲水性取决于例如聚乙烯与邻苯二甲酸盐之间的混合比，并且因此能够被调整。吸收性吸收结构能够由涂层纤维组成。热电垫的至少一些部件能够由金属泡沫形成。
本发明的另外的重要特征和优点从从属权利要求、附图以及通过附图的相关附图说明获得。
应当理解的是，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，以上提到的并且仍将在下文中解释的特征不仅能够用于所述相应的组合，还能够用于其他组合或单独使用。
附图说明
本发明的优选示例性实施例在附图中示出，并且在下面的描述中更详细地解释，其中相同的附图标记涉及相同或相似或功能相同的部件。
分别示意性地示出，
图1和图2是根据本发明的热电垫的剖面图，其在每种情况下具有不同设置的具有吸收性的吸收结构。
具体实施方式
图1和图2示出根据本发明的热电垫12的剖视图，其特别用于调节机动车辆的车辆座椅的温度。在本示例性实施例中，垫12是热电织物1。然而，基本上，垫12的其他实施例也是可以想象的。织物1具有彼此相反设置的第一大表面13a和第二大表面13b。此外，织物1包括多个第一线2(此处仅可见一个)和多个第二线3。在此，第一线2形成织物1的经线2a，并且第二线3形成织物的纬线3a。第一线2由p掺杂的线部分4和n掺杂的线部分5以及设置在其之间的导电的第一线部分6和导电的第二线部分7交替形成。因此，织物1的第一线2构成串联电路。各个线2(然而在此仅示出一个)能够电互连。第一线部分6被分配到第一大表面13a，然后形成织物1的热侧面8，并且第二线部分7被分配到织物1的第二大表面13b，然后形成织物1的冷侧面9。第二线3优选是电绝缘的。
此外，织物1包括具有吸收性的吸收结构10，其连接热侧面8和冷侧面9。吸收结构10由多个吸收线11形成。在图1中，吸收线11(此处仅可见一个)邻接在织物1的第一线2之后。在图2中，多个吸收线11定向为垂直于冷侧面9和热侧面8，并且位于相邻的第二线3之间。在织物1中，在冷侧面9上，热量被吸收，然后在热侧面8上，吸收的热量加上消耗的电能被释放。不论具有吸收性的吸收结构10的结构如何，其都连接热侧面8和冷侧面9，并且能够通过毛细效应、或通过Marangoni效应、或通过吸入效应吸收存在于冷侧面9上的液体，例如冷凝水或汗水。通过毛细作用力，被吸收的液体能够经由吸收线11输送到热侧面8并且在那里蒸发。因此，能够防止在极端情况下出现的织物1的湿透。

Claims (12)

1.一种热电柔性垫(12)，其特别用于调节机动车辆的车辆座椅的温度，
-其中，所述垫(12)包括第一大表面(13a)和与所述第一大表面(13a)相反的第二大表面(13b)，
-其中，所述垫(12)包括多个p掺杂元件和n掺杂元件，所述p掺杂元件和n掺杂元件经由导电的导体桥彼此交替地电互连成串联电路，
-其中，所述串联电路的各个导体桥至少部分地被分配到所述垫(12)的第一大表面(13a)和所述垫(12)的第二大表面(13b)，使得所述垫(12)的第一大表面(13a)形成热侧面(8)，并且所述第二大表面(13b)形成冷侧面(9)，反之亦然，
其特征在于，所述垫(12)包括具有吸收性的吸收结构(10)，其连接所述垫(12)的热侧面(8)和冷侧面(9)，使得冷凝的或存在于所述冷侧面(9)上的任何液体能够被吸收到所述吸收结构(10)中，并且经由所述吸收结构(10)输送到所述热侧面(8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的垫，其特征在于，
-所述垫(12)是织物(1)，其包括多个第一线(2)和优选是电绝缘的多个第二线(3)，
-所述第一线(2)形成所述织物(1)的经线(2a)，并且所述第二线(3)形成所述织物的纬线(3a)，反之亦然，
-所述第一线(2)由p掺杂的线部分和n掺杂的线部分(4、5)以及设置在其之间的导电的第一线部分和导电的第二线部分(6、7)交替形成，
-所述p掺杂的第一线部分(4)形成所述垫(12)的相应的p掺杂的P元件，并且所述n掺杂的第一线部分(5)形成所述垫(12)的相应的n掺杂的N元件，以及
-设置在所述p掺杂的线部分和n掺杂的线部分之间的第二线部分(6、7)形成所述垫(12)的相应的导电桥。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的垫，其特征在于，所述具有吸收性的吸收结构(10)由多个吸收线(11)形成。
4.根据权利要求2和3所述的垫，其特征在于，
-所述吸收线(11)中的至少一些邻接在所述织物(1)的第一线(2)之后，和/或
-所述吸收线(11)中的至少一些至少部分地嵌入到所述第二线(3)中，和/或
-所述吸收线(11)中的至少一些设置在所述相邻的第二线(3)之间。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的垫，其特征在于，所述吸收线(11)中的至少一些在所述冷侧面(9)与所述热侧面(8)之间垂直于所述冷侧面和所述热侧面延伸。
6.根据权利要求3至5中的任一项所述的垫，其特征在于，
-所述吸收线(11)中的至少一些的横截面是圆形或椭圆形或四边形，和/或
-所述吸收线(11)中的至少一些的直径为0.5mm至1.5mm，和/或
-所述吸收线(11)中的至少一些由多个单独的线编织而成。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的垫，其特征在于，所述具有吸收性的吸收结构(10)由亲水纤维、或亲水颗粒、或亲水模塑化合物组成。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的垫，其特征在于，所述具有吸收性的吸收结构(10)由合成的或天然的有机材料、或无机材料、或这些材料的组合组成。
9.根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的垫，其特征在于，
-所述具有吸收性的吸收结构(10)由共轭纤维、或混合纺纱纤维、或短纤维形成，和/或
-所述具有吸收性的吸收结构(10)由无纺织物、或织物、或针织物、或加捻面料形成，和/或
-所述具有吸收性的吸收结构(10)由空心纤维或实心纤维形成。
10.根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的垫，其特征在于，所述具有吸收性的吸收结构(10)由具有芯与外壳的两部分纤维组成。
11.根据权利要求10所述的垫，其特征在于，所述芯和/或所述外壳由聚乙烯、或聚丙烯、或聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、或聚酯，特别是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-间苯二甲酸酯共聚物，或聚酰胺，特别是聚己二酰己二胺组成。
12.根据权利要求1至11中的任一项所述的垫，其特征在于，
-所述具有吸收性的吸收结构(10)由涂层纤维组成，和/或
-热电织物(1)的至少一些部件由金属泡沫形成。
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