CN111822314A - Electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer based on gas spring and control method - Google Patents
Electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer based on gas spring and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111822314A CN111822314A CN202010806207.3A CN202010806207A CN111822314A CN 111822314 A CN111822314 A CN 111822314A CN 202010806207 A CN202010806207 A CN 202010806207A CN 111822314 A CN111822314 A CN 111822314A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/04—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism
- B06B1/045—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism using vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- B06B2201/50—Application to a particular transducer type
- B06B2201/57—Electrostrictive transducer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- B06B2201/70—Specific application
- B06B2201/74—Underwater
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The invention provides an electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer based on a gas spring and a control method, wherein the underwater acoustic transducer comprises a cylinder, a radiation piece and a sealing piece, wherein the radiation piece and the sealing piece are in sliding connection with the inner wall surface of the cylinder; the armature and the magnetic conduction base are accommodated in the watertight space; a driving coil is wound on the magnetic conduction base; and a gas spring is arranged between the magnetic conduction base and the armature. In the front-stage vibration period, driving current generates electromagnetic attraction to pull the armature to move from an initial balance position; in the latter period of vibration, the armature is pushed back to the equilibrium position, primarily by the action of a gas spring. In the invention, under the combined action of the electromagnetic attraction and the gas spring, the armature drives the radiation piece to vibrate at the initial balance position, the electromagnetic thrust is large, the vibration amplitude is large, the electro-acoustic energy conversion efficiency is high, and the energy converter can be designed into a high-power ultralow frequency high-efficiency energy converter, thereby realizing the generation of high-power ultralow frequency output with small volume and light weight.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer based on a gas spring, in particular to an ultralow-frequency high-power electromagnetic type underwater acoustic transducer device for ocean exploration.
Background
Today's marine exploration relies primarily on sound waves, whose travel distance in the sea is closely related to frequency, the lower the frequency of the sound waves, the further they travel in the water. The working frequency of the low-frequency high-power underwater acoustic transducer taking active materials (piezoelectric ceramic materials and magnetostrictive materials) as the core at present is more than 300 Hz, the attenuation in water is great, and the energy transfer efficiency is low. For lower frequency applications (e.g., ultra-low frequency bands below 100 Hz), the size and weight of these transducers become very heavy and expensive. The moving coil type and explosion type ultra-low frequency sound sources have a series of problems of low power, weak radiation, instability, poor continuity, poor controllability and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer based on a gas spring, aiming at the problems of large size, low power and weak radiation of the traditional low-frequency transducer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer based on a gas spring comprises a cylinder body, a sealing element and a radiation element, wherein the radiation element is connected with the inner wall surface of the cylinder body in a sliding mode and can slide along the axial direction of the cylinder body;
the watertight space is internally provided with an armature fixed on the radiation piece and a magnetic conduction base arranged opposite to the armature in the axial direction of the cylinder body;
the magnetic conduction base is wound with a driving coil;
and a gas spring is arranged between the magnetic conduction base and the armature.
Furthermore, an opening is formed in one end of the cylinder, the radiation piece is arranged at the opening position of one end of the cylinder, and the magnetic conduction base is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the other end, opposite to the radiation piece, of the cylinder.
Further, the barrel includes the relative weight that sets up with radiation, the fixed tube-shape casing that sets up on the weight, radiation is light metal material, the magnetic conduction base is fixed in on the weight, thereby weight, tube-shape casing, sealing member, radiation connect gradually and enclose the watertight space. The weight may be brass. The radiating member may be made of an aluminum alloy. By providing the radiating element as a lightweight metal material, the radiating element is made easier to reciprocate. Through setting up the weight piece for the barrel can be comparatively stable setting.
Further, the cylindrical shell comprises a first cylindrical structure fixedly arranged on the weight block and a second cylindrical structure arranged on the first cylindrical structure, the weight block, the first cylindrical structure, the second cylindrical structure, the sealing element and the radiation element are sequentially connected to enclose the watertight space, the inner diameter of the first cylindrical structure is smaller than that of the second cylindrical structure, and the inner cavity of the first cylindrical structure is communicated with the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure;
the radiation piece is connected with the inner wall surface of the second cylindrical structure in a sliding manner;
the depth of the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure in the axial direction of the cylinder body is larger than the thickness of the radiation piece in the axial direction of the cylinder body.
Through the arrangement, the radiation part only reciprocates in the second cylindrical structure, the slapping effect on the water surface is realized, the motion area of the radiation part can be limited, and the radiation part is prevented from being too close to the magnetic conduction base.
Furthermore, openings are formed in two ends of the cylinder, the radiation part comprises a first radiation part and a second radiation part which are respectively arranged at the openings in the two ends of the cylinder, and the first radiation part and the second radiation part are respectively connected with the inner wall surface of the cylinder in a sliding manner;
the second radiation piece and the first radiation piece can vibrate along the axis direction of the cylinder body;
the armature comprises a first armature fixed on the first radiation piece and a second armature fixed on the second radiation piece;
the watertight device is characterized in that a fixed block fixed on the barrel is accommodated in the watertight space, the magnetic conduction base comprises a first magnetic conduction structure and a second magnetic conduction structure which are respectively installed on two sides of the fixed block, and the driving coil comprises a first driving coil and a second driving coil which are respectively wound on the first magnetic conduction structure and the second magnetic conduction structure;
in the axial direction of the cylinder, the first magnetic conduction structure and the second magnetic conduction structure are respectively arranged opposite to the first armature and the second armature.
Through the arrangement, the first radiation piece and the second radiation piece can move in a reciprocating mode, the slapping effect on the water surface is achieved, and the energy conversion effect is improved.
Further, the cylinder comprises a first cylindrical structure, a second cylindrical structure and a third cylindrical structure which are respectively positioned at two sides of the first cylindrical structure;
the inner diameters of the second cylindrical structure and the third cylindrical structure are larger than that of the first cylindrical structure, and the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure, the inner cavity of the first cylindrical structure and the inner cavity of the third cylindrical structure are communicated with each other;
the second radiation piece, the third cylindrical structure, the first cylindrical structure, the second cylindrical structure and the first radiation piece are sequentially connected to enclose the watertight space;
the first radiation piece is connected with the inner wall surface of the second cylindrical structure in a sliding manner;
the second radiation piece is connected with the inner wall surface of the third cylindrical structure in a sliding manner;
the depth of the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure in the axial direction of the cylinder body is larger than the thickness of the first radiation piece in the axial direction of the cylinder body;
the depth of the inner cavity of the third cylindrical structure in the axial direction of the cylinder body is larger than the thickness of the second radiation piece in the axial direction of the cylinder body.
Through the arrangement, the first radiation piece only reciprocates in the second tubular structure, and the second radiation piece only reciprocates in the third tubular structure, so that the slapping effect on the water surface is realized, the motion area of the radiation piece can be limited, and the radiation piece is prevented from being too close to the magnetic conduction base.
Further, the sealing element is an annular elastic sealing structure;
the outer end face of the cylinder body and the outer end face of the radiation piece are fixedly connected with the annular elastic sealing structure respectively, or the inner wall face of the cylinder body and the outer end face of the radiation piece are fixedly connected with the annular elastic sealing structure respectively, or the outer end face of the cylinder body and the outer wall face of the radiation piece are fixedly connected with the annular elastic sealing structure respectively.
The applicant found that, in the research, the transducer needs to beat water, so the radiation member needs to move relative to the cylinder, and the radiation member and the cylinder are not easy to seal. Through setting up cyclic annular elastic sealing structure, or the material that similar elasticity is better, the leakproofness is good for when radiation spare reciprocating motion, cyclic annular elastic sealing structure is flexible, still can keep the sealing performance of radiation spare and barrel.
Furthermore, the magnetic conduction base is of an E-shaped structure;
the magnetic conduction base of the E-shaped structure is provided with a first bulge part positioned in the middle and second bulge parts positioned on two sides of the first bulge part, and the driving coil is wound on the first bulge part of the magnetic conduction base;
each protruding part of the magnetic conduction base is arranged towards the armature.
Through setting up the magnetic conduction base into E shape structure for device stability is better, avoids making the device vibration because the electromagnetic force.
Furthermore, a gap sensor for measuring a gap between the magnetic conduction base and the armature is arranged on the magnetic conduction base or the armature.
Furthermore, a sensor for measuring the driving current flowing through the driving coil is arranged on the magnetic conduction base.
Furthermore, the underwater acoustic transducer also comprises a pressure regulating device which is used for filling compressed gas into the watertight space or extracting the compressed gas from the watertight space, and the pressure regulating device is arranged outside the cylinder body. The pressure regulating device can regulate the rigidity of the air spring and simultaneously regulate the filled gas to balance the hydrostatic pressure.
The present invention also provides a control method using any one of the above electromagnetic suction type underwater transducers, the control method including: each cycle of the driving current flowing through the driving coil is composed of a first time period and a second time period, the waveform of the driving current in the first time period is the upper half cycle or the lower half cycle of the sine wave, and the current value of the driving current in the second time period is 0.
In the invention, in a first time period, the current flows through the upper half cycle or the lower half cycle of the sine wave, the magnetic conduction base and the radiation piece generate electromagnetic attraction to pull the armature to move from an initial balance position, in a second time period, the driving coil is not electrified, and the armature is pushed back to the balance position under the action of the gas spring, namely the compressed gas spring extends to push the armature back to the balance position.
In the above technical solution, the time lengths of the first time period and the second time period are equal.
The invention provides an electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer based on a gas spring, which comprises a magnetic conduction base, an armature, a driving coil and a radiator, wherein an electromagnetic vibration structure is formed by the magnetic conduction base, the armature, the driving coil and the radiator, an air body is filled in a closed gap, the rigidity of the air is used as the gas spring, electromagnetic force is generated under the action of driving current to drive the vibrator structure, the armature and the radiator vibrate near a balance position under the combined action of the electromagnetic force and the gas spring to radiate sound waves, the electromagnetic force is large, the vibration amplitude is large, the energy storage effect of a physical spring is avoided, the electro-acoustic energy conversion efficiency is improved, a high-power and high-efficiency transducer can be designed, and the high-power output is realized in a small volume and light.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a single-sided radiating structure of a gas spring-based electromagnetic underwater acoustic transducer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an overall sectional structural schematic diagram of a double-sided radiation structure of a gas spring-based electromagnetic underwater acoustic transducer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the drive configuration of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4(a) is an enlarged schematic view of portion A of FIG. 1;
fig. 4(B) is a schematic view of a portion B replacing the portion a in fig. 1 when the inner wall surface of the cylinder and the outer end surface of the radiation member are fixedly connected with the annular elastic sealing structure, respectively;
fig. 4(C) is a schematic view of a portion C replacing the portion a in fig. 1 when the outer end face of the cylinder and the outer wall face of the radiation member are fixedly connected with the annular elastic sealing structure, respectively;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a drive current waveform through the drive coil.
In the above drawings, 1-a magnetic conductive base, 101-a first magnetic conductive structure, 102-a second magnetic conductive structure, 2-a driving coil, 21-a first driving coil, 22-a second driving coil, 3-a current sensor, 4-a weight, 5-a gap sensor, 6-an armature, 61-a first armature, 62-a second armature, 8-a radiating element, 81-a first radiating element, 82-a second radiating element, 121-a first cylindrical structure, 122-a second cylindrical structure, 123-a third cylindrical structure, 9-a gas spring, 10-a sealing element, 11-a pressure regulating device, 12-a cylindrical shell, 15-a fixed block, 201-a first gap, 202-a second gap.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the invention provides an electromagnetic suction type underwater transducer based on a gas spring, which comprises a cylinder, a sealing element 10 and a radiation element 8, wherein the radiation element 8 is connected with the inner wall surface of the cylinder in a sliding manner and can slide along the axial direction of the cylinder, the outer end surface of the cylinder and the outer end surface of the radiation element 8 are respectively fixedly connected with the sealing element 10, and the cylinder, the sealing element 10 and the radiation element 8 enclose a watertight space, so that water outside the transducer is prevented from flowing into a gap between the cylinder and the radiation element 8. Preferably, the radiation member 8 is slidably contacted with the inner wall surface of the cylinder during the sliding.
The watertight space is internally provided with an armature 6 fixed on the radiation piece 8 and a magnetic conduction base 1 arranged opposite to the armature 6 in the axial direction of the cylinder;
the magnetic conduction base 1 is wound with a driving coil 2;
and a gas spring 9 is arranged between the magnetic conduction base 1 and the armature 6. The gas spring 9 may preferably be an inert gas. The required gas density and other parameters can be calculated from the water depth and the required operating frequency using known techniques, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
The utility model discloses a radiation piece, including barrel, magnetic conduction base 1, radiation piece 8, magnetic conduction base, cylinder, magnetic conduction base, radiation piece 8, the cylinder one end has the opening, radiation piece 8 sets up in the open position of barrel one end, magnetic conduction base 1 is fixed in on the interior bottom surface of the barrel other end relative with radiation piece 8.
The barrel includes the relative weight 4 that sets up with radiation 8, the fixed tube-shape casing 12 that sets up on weight 4, radiation 8 is light metal material, magnetic conduction base 1 is fixed in on weight 4, thereby weight 4, tube-shape casing 12, sealing member 10, radiation 8 connect gradually and enclose the watertight space.
The cylindrical shell 12 comprises a first cylindrical structure 121 fixedly arranged on a weight block 4 and a second cylindrical structure 122 arranged on the first cylindrical structure 121, the weight block 4, the first cylindrical structure 121, the second cylindrical structure 122, a sealing element 10 and a radiation element 8 are sequentially connected to form a watertight space, the inner diameter of the first cylindrical structure 121 is smaller than that of the second cylindrical structure 122, and the inner cavity of the first cylindrical structure 121 is communicated with the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure 122.
In fig. 1, the first gap 201 is a gap in the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure 122.
The radiation piece 8 is connected with the inner wall surface of the second cylindrical structure 122 in a sliding way;
the depth of the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure 122 in the cylinder axis direction is larger than the thickness of the radiation member 8 in the cylinder axis direction.
The sealing member 10 is an annular elastic sealing structure. The annular elastic sealing structure may be annular rubber. The annular elastic sealing structure is arranged along an annular seam between the cylinder and the radiator 8.
As shown in fig. 4(a), the outer end face of the cylinder and the outer end face of the radiant member 8 are respectively connected with an annular elastic sealing structure. The outer end face of the cylinder body and the outer end face of the radiation piece 8 are end faces deviating from the watertight space. The portion of the outer end face of the cylinder near the seam and/or the portion of the outer end face of the radiant element 8 near the seam may not be secured with the annular resilient sealing structure. This is arranged so that the portion of the annular resilient sealing structure near the seam can flex as the radiator 8 moves, thereby allowing the radiator 8 a large space for movement. In this embodiment, the ring-shaped rubber is fixedly disposed on the outer end surface of the second cylindrical structure 122. The part between the M1 point and the M3 point of the outer end surface of the second cylindrical structure 122 close to the M1 point, the part between the M1 point and the M4 point of the outer end surface of the radiant element 8 close to the M1 point are fixed with the annular rubber, the part between the M2 point and the M3 point of the outer end surface of the second cylindrical structure 122 far away from the M1 point and the part between the M4 point and the M5 point of the outer end surface of the radiant element 8 far away from the M1 point are respectively and fixedly connected with the annular rubber, and the part of the annular rubber between the M3 point and the M4 point can be freely stretched and contracted without being limited, so that the radiant element 8 can have large movement displacement in the cylinder axial direction.
As shown in fig. 4(b), the inner wall surface of the cylinder and the outer end surface of the radiation member 8 are fixedly connected to the annular elastic sealing structure. A portion corresponding to the portion a below the paper surface in fig. 1 is also replaced with a portion B in fig. 4(B), and other portions can refer to fig. 1. The portion of the inner wall surface of the cylinder body near the seam M1 may not be fixed to the annular elastic seal structure. Preferably, the portion of the outer end face of the radiant element 8 close to the seam may not be fixed with the annular elastic sealing structure. This is arranged so that the portion of the annular resilient sealing structure near the seam can flex as the radiator 8 moves, thereby allowing the radiator 8 a large space for movement.
As shown in fig. 4(c), the outer end face of the cylinder and the outer wall face of the radiation member 8 are fixedly connected to the annular elastic sealing structure, respectively. The portion corresponding to the portion a below the paper surface in fig. 1 is also replaced with a portion C in fig. 4(C), and other portions can refer to fig. 1. The portion of the outer wall surface of the radiator 8 near the seam M1 may not be fixed with the annular elastic sealing structure. Preferably, the portion of the outer end face of the cartridge body adjacent the seam may not be secured with the annular resilient seal structure. This is arranged so that the portion of the annular resilient sealing structure near the seam can flex as the radiator 8 moves, thereby allowing the radiator 8 a large space for movement.
The magnetic conduction base 1 is of an E-shaped structure;
the magnetic conduction base 1 of the E-shaped structure is provided with a first bulge part positioned in the middle and second bulge parts positioned on two sides of the first bulge part, and the driving coil 2 is wound on the first bulge part of the magnetic conduction base 1;
each convex part of the magnetic conduction base 1 is arranged towards the armature 6. The opening of the magnetic conductive base 1 of the E-shaped structure is arranged towards the armature 6.
A gap sensor 5 for measuring the gap between the magnetic conduction base 1 and the armature 6 is arranged on the magnetic conduction base 1 or the armature 6;
the magnetic conduction base 1 is provided with a sensor for measuring the driving current flowing through the driving coil 2.
The underwater acoustic transducer also comprises a pressure regulating device 11 for filling compressed gas into the watertight space or extracting the compressed gas from the watertight space, and the pressure regulating device 11 is arranged outside the cylinder body. The pressure regulating device 11 may be an air pump or other air charging and discharging device.
The pressure regulating device can be communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body through a connecting pipeline penetrating through the wall surface of the cylinder body. A waterproof sealing structure can be arranged around the connecting position of the connecting pipeline and the wall surface of the cylinder body.
Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the electromagnetic suction type underwater transducer, both ends of the cylinder are provided with openings, the radiation member 8 includes a first radiation member 81 and a second radiation member 82 respectively disposed at the positions of the openings at both ends of the cylinder, and the first radiation member 81 and the second radiation member 82 are respectively connected with the inner wall surface of the cylinder in a sliding manner. The second radiation member 82, the cylinder, the first radiation member 81 and the sealing member 10 enclose the watertight space. The first radiation member 81 and the cylinder body, and the second radiation member 82 and the cylinder body are all connected in a sealing way through the sealing member 10.
The second radiation piece 82 and the first radiation piece 81 can vibrate along the axial direction of the cylinder body;
the armature 6 comprises a first armature 61 fixed on the first radiation member 81, and a second armature 62 fixed on the second radiation member 82;
the watertight magnetic base comprises a watertight space and a drive coil 2, the watertight space is internally provided with a fixed block 15 fixed on the cylinder, the magnetic base 1 comprises a first magnetic conduction structure 101 and a second magnetic conduction structure 102 which are respectively installed at two sides of the fixed block 15, and the drive coil 2 comprises a first drive coil 21 and a second drive coil 22 which are respectively wound on the first magnetic conduction structure 101 and the second magnetic conduction structure 102. Preferably, the extension direction of the fixing block 15 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder. The first magnetic conductive structure 101 and the second magnetic conductive structure 102 are both E-shaped structures. The first magnetic permeable structure 101 is fixed on one side of the fixed block 15 close to the first radiation member 81. The second magnetic structure 102 is fixed to a side of the fixed block 15 adjacent to the second radiation member 82.
In the axial direction of the cylinder, the first magnetic conductive structure 101 is disposed opposite to the first armature 61, and the second magnetic conductive structure 102 is disposed opposite to the second armature 62. The opening of the first magnetic permeable structure 101 of the E-shaped structure is disposed towards the first armature 61 and the opening of the second magnetic permeable structure 102 of the E-shaped structure is disposed towards the second armature 62.
The cylinder comprises a first cylindrical structure 121, a second cylindrical structure 122 and a third cylindrical structure 123, wherein the second cylindrical structure 122 and the third cylindrical structure 123 are respectively positioned at two sides of the first cylindrical structure 121;
the inner diameters of the second cylindrical structure 122 and the third cylindrical structure 123 are both larger than the inner diameter of the first cylindrical structure 121, and the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure 122, the inner cavity of the first cylindrical structure 121 and the inner cavity of the third cylindrical structure 123 are communicated with each other;
the second radiation piece 82, the third cylindrical structure 123, the first cylindrical structure 121, the second cylindrical structure 122 and the first radiation piece 81 are sequentially connected to enclose the watertight space;
the first radiation piece 81 is connected with the inner wall surface of the second cylindrical structure 122 in a sliding way;
the second radiation piece 82 is connected with the inner wall surface of the third cylindrical structure 123 in a sliding way;
the depth of the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure 122 in the cylinder axis direction is greater than the thickness of the first radiation piece 81 in the cylinder axis direction;
the depth of the inner cavity of the third cylindrical structure 123 in the cylinder axis direction is larger than the thickness of the second radiation member 82 in the cylinder axis direction.
The first radiation member 81 and the second cylindrical structure 122, and the second radiation member 82 and the third cylindrical structure 123 are all connected in a sealing manner through the sealing member 10.
In fig. 2, the first gap 201 and the second gap 202 are gaps in the inner cavities of the second cylindrical structure 122 and the third cylindrical structure 123, respectively.
The whole structure of the transducer can be arranged under the water surface and can also be arranged under different water depths to emit sound waves. The transducer can be moved underwater in cooperation with other devices or fixed at a position underwater. The axis of the cylinder may be in a vertical direction, e.g. the radiating member 8 is above the weight 4 and the radiating member 8 reciprocates in a vertical direction, slapping the body of water above the transducer, or the radiating member 8 is above the weight 4 and reciprocates in a vertical direction, slapping the body of water below the transducer. The axis of the cylinder may also be in a horizontal direction, for example, with the radiating member 8 on the side of the weight 4 and the radiating member 8 reciprocating in a horizontal direction, slapping against the body of water on the side of the transducer.
In the following embodiments, the example in which the radiation member 8 is located above the weight 4 will be described.
The invention provides an ultralow-frequency high-power single-end radiation type electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer based on a gas spring, which utilizes electromagnetic attraction to generate vibration to realize electro-acoustic energy conversion. Under the combined action of electromagnetic force and the gas spring, the vibrator structure vibrates in a reciprocating manner near a balance position and radiates sound waves outwards, and the gas spring is adopted to replace a physical spring, so that the service life under extreme conditions is prolonged;
the housing comprises a bottom weight 4 and a cylindrical housing 12. The weight 4 may be made of brass. The cylindrical housing 12 may be made of stainless steel, and the cylindrical housing 12 is fixedly mounted on the weight 4 to form a closed housing. The cylindrical shell 12 can be communicated with the external pressure regulating device 11 through a connecting pipeline, and waterproof sealing treatment is carried out on the periphery of the connecting pipeline;
the driving structure comprises a magnetic conduction base 1 and a driving coil 2 arranged on the magnetic conduction base 1. The driving coil 2 may be wound of a high-temperature enamel wire.
The magnetic conduction base 1 is also provided with a current sensor 3 for measuring the driving current flowing through the driving coil 2. And a current sensor 3 for measuring the driving current flowing through the driving coil 2 is arranged on the magnetic conduction base 1 so as to better monitor the running condition of the transducer. The armature 6 is over against the magnetic conduction base 1, and the armature 6 and the radiation piece 8 are always in the state of over against the magnetic conduction base; the magnetic conduction base 1 is an E-shaped structure, the E-shaped structure has a first protruding portion located in the middle and second protruding portions located on two sides of the first protruding portion, and the driving coil 32 is wound on the first protruding portion. The magnetic conduction base 1 can be made by superposing E-shaped silicon steel sheets in order to avoid the eddy current effect.
A cushion block can be arranged between the radiation piece 8 and the inner wall surface of the cylinder body, and the cushion block can be detachably connected with the inner wall surface of the cylinder body. The cushion block can be detachably connected with the inner wall surface of the cylinder body through a fastener, and the fastener can be arranged between the radiation piece 8 and the inner wall surface of the cylinder body and does not interfere with the sliding of the radiation piece 8. For example, a groove may be formed in the inner wall surface of the cylinder, the pad has a protruding portion extending into the groove and a guiding portion in sliding contact with the radiation member 8, the protruding portion is disposed on the guiding portion, and the guiding portion may be made of a material with a small friction force, so as to reduce the influence on the sliding of the radiation member 8 as much as possible, as can be understood by those skilled in the art. The fastener is arranged along the axis of the cylinder body, penetrates through the convex part of the cushion block and is installed in the installation hole formed in the side wall of the groove. The guide parts can be symmetrically arranged on two sides of the radiation part 8, so that the armature 6 and the radiation part 8 are always in a state of being over against the magnetic conduction base 1.
The vibrator structure comprises a radiation piece 8 and an armature 6 fixed on the radiation piece 8; a gap sensor 5 for measuring the distance between the armature and the magnetic conduction base is arranged on the armature 6; the armature 6 is tightly fixed at the inner side of the radiation piece 8 to form a vibrator structure. Rubber 10 with waterproof sealing function is symmetrically arranged between the radiation piece 8 and the shell 12. The gas spring 9 with its gas spring action is provided by an external pressure regulating device 11 through a connecting duct through the housing 12. The armature 6 can be made by stacking I-shaped silicon steel sheets. The radiating element 8 may be made of an aluminium alloy. The armature 6 is always opposite to the magnetic conduction base 1. A seal 10 is arranged symmetrically between the radiator 8 and the housing 12. The seal 10 may be a thin layer of rubber that seals against water.
The current sensor 3 and the gap sensor 5 are convenient to better monitor the working condition of the transducer;
as shown in fig. 2, a double-sided radiation electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer is obtained by replacing a weight 4 with a buffer weight 15 and arranging an electromagnetic underwater acoustic transducer with the same structure on the other side of the buffer weight; the electromagnetic underwater acoustic transducer with double radiation ends takes the buffer weight 15 as a central shaft, and the structures on the two sides are completely consistent and symmetrically distributed; the buffer weight block 15 is positioned between the two magnetic conduction bases and fixed with the two magnetic conduction bases; the rest components are consistent with the structure of the single-side radiation type electromagnetic underwater acoustic transducer.
The transducer comprises a weight 4, a cylindrical shell 12, an external pressure regulating device 11, a magnetic conduction base 1, a driving coil 2, a current sensor 3, an armature 6, a radiation piece 8, a gap sensor 5, a gas spring 9 and a sealing piece 10.
The invention provides an electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer based on a gas spring. The magnetic conduction base is wound with a driving coil, and the electromagnetic attraction is provided by modulated driving current; and a gas spring is arranged between the magnetic conduction base and the armature iron to provide restoring force required by vibration. Gas is filled in the closed gap, the rigidity of the gas is used as a gas spring to provide restoring force required by vibration, and electromagnetic force is generated under the action of driving current to drive the vibrator structure. As shown in fig. 5, in the front-stage vibration period (0 to T/2), the magnetic conductive base and the radiation member generate electromagnetic attraction to pull the armature to move from the initial equilibrium position by the driving current of the driving coil 2; in the latter vibration cycle (T/2 to T), the drive coil 2 is not energized, and the armature is pushed back to the equilibrium position by virtue of the supporting action of the gas spring, since the gas spring is compressed. The armature and the radiation piece vibrate near a balance position under the combined action of electromagnetic force and the gas spring to radiate sound waves, the electromagnetic force is large, the vibration amplitude is large, the energy storage effect of a physical spring is avoided, the electro-acoustic energy conversion efficiency is improved, the high-power high-efficiency energy converter can be designed, and the high-power output is realized within an ultralow frequency range and is small in size and light in weight. The invention provides two structures of an ultralow-frequency high-power electromagnetic underwater acoustic transducer based on a gas spring, which comprise two forms of single-sided radiation and double-sided radiation. The front section vibration cycle and the rear section vibration cycle respectively correspond to the first time period and the second time period.
The invention adopts the gas spring to replace the physical spring, avoids the energy storage of the physical spring, and adopts the electromagnetic force to drive the vibrator to radiate the sound wave. The invention is an important means for realizing the ultra-low frequency high-power electroacoustic transducer, solves the contradiction between the realization of the ultra-low frequency sound source high power and the huge volume and weight, and adopts the electromagnetic suction type driving component based on the gas spring as the driving. The electromagnetic type underwater acoustic transducer designed by the method has the advantages of large vibration displacement, extremely high electroacoustic conversion efficiency, large power, small volume, light weight, low resonant frequency, simple structure, low manufacturing cost, easiness in popularization and the like, and is an important way for realizing ultralow-frequency high-power electroacoustic transducer equipment. The electromagnetic type driving assembly generates a magnetic field under the excitation of driving current, the excitation assembly and the radiation piece assembly form a closed magnetic circuit by taking air as a magnetic conduction medium, the vibration of the radiation piece assembly is realized by controlling the driving current in the driving coil, and then the water surface is slapped to emit sound waves.
The invention provides an electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer based on a gas spring, which is used for underwater ultralow frequency and high power and takes electromagnetic suction type drive based on the gas spring as the core for exciting vibration of the electroacoustic transducer. Such a transducer is constructed as shown in figure 1.
In the technical scheme, modulated driving current is conducted in the exciting coil, a magnetic field is excited by the magnetic effect of the current, the magnetic field passes through the base formed by the E-shaped magnetic conducting material, and the I-shaped armature and the air gap form a closed magnetic circuit. At the moment, the base is equal to a magnet, the magnetic field intensity at the air gap is enhanced due to the front and back magnetic conductive materials, and the armature and the base are under the action of electromagnetic attraction force according to the principle that like poles repel and opposite poles attract. In the front-stage vibration period, driving current generates electromagnetic attraction to pull the armature to move from an initial balance position; in the back-end vibration cycle, the armature is pushed back to the equilibrium position mainly by the supporting action of the gas spring. The armature and the radiation piece can reciprocate under the action of an alternating magnetic field by virtue of a gas spring to generate vibration by controlling the driving current.
The ultralow-frequency high-power electromagnetic underwater acoustic transducer based on the gas spring has a series of advantages that:
1. the electromagnetic transduction method (also called variable reluctance type) is adopted to realize the electro-acoustic conversion, the electromagnetic force is large, the vibration displacement is large, and the high-power emission of the transducer is easy to realize.
2. The electro-acoustic conversion is realized by adopting electromagnetic force, and the volume and the weight of the transducer can be greatly reduced in a low-frequency band, so that the cost is reduced, and the operation is easy.
3. The gas spring is adopted to replace a physical spring in the traditional electromagnetic transducer, so that the energy storage effect of the physical spring is avoided, the energy utilization rate is high, and the efficiency is higher.
4. The gas spring adopted by the invention replaces a physical spring in the traditional electromagnetic transducer, so that the maintenance is reduced, and the service life of the transducer under extreme conditions is greatly prolonged.
5. The E-shaped magnetic conduction base is adopted, so that the vibration possibly occurring on the base during driving is avoided, and the structure is more stable.
6. The driving mode of superposing direct current and tiny alternating current is adopted, the driving current frequency is ensured to be consistent with the frequency of the output sound wave, the frequency doubling phenomenon of the traditional electromagnetic type (variable reluctance type) can be avoided, and the interference of secondary harmonic during frequency doubling is avoided.
The E-shaped base is formed by superposing silicon steel sheets with high magnetic permeability, a closed magnetic circuit is easily formed due to the high magnetic permeability, eddy current can be inhibited by the silicon steel sheets, and energy loss is reduced. The armature is made of soft magnetic material with good magnetic conductivity, and the base, the armature and the air gap form a closed magnetic circuit. The excitation driving coil is formed by winding a copper wire and is fixedly arranged in the middle of the E-shaped base. The exciting coil is energized with modulated driving current which is formed by superposing direct current and micro alternating current, a magnetic field is formed by the magnetic effect of the current, electromagnetic attraction is provided, the frequency of the driving current is ensured to be consistent with the frequency of output sound waves, the frequency doubling phenomenon can be avoided, and meanwhile, the armature and the radiation piece are supported by the gas spring to provide restoring force required by vibration. In the front-stage vibration period, driving current generates electromagnetic attraction to pull the armature to move from an initial balance position; in the latter period of vibration, the armature is pushed back to the equilibrium position by the action of the gas spring. In the invention, under the combined action of the electromagnetic attraction and the gas spring, the driving current is controlled to enable the armature to drive the radiation piece to vibrate back and forth at the initial balance position.
The invention provides an electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer based on a gas spring, which utilizes electromagnetic attraction to generate vibration to realize electro-acoustic energy conversion, mainly has two structural forms of a single-end radiation type and a double-end radiation type, and the main structure of the transducer comprises an E-shaped magnetic conduction base, wherein a driving coil and a current sensor for measuring the current of the driving coil are arranged on the magnetic conduction base; the magnetic conduction base is opposite to the I-shaped armature; the I-shaped armature is embedded into the inner side of a radiation piece formed by aluminum alloy; a gap sensor for measuring the distance between the magnetic conduction base and the radiation piece is arranged on the radiation piece; the closed gap formed by the radiation piece, the E-shaped magnetic conduction base and the transducer shell is filled with underwater pressure regulation gas, and meanwhile, the gas is used as a gas spring, so that the equivalent stiffness is small, ultralow frequency resonance is easy to generate, the volume and the weight of the ultralow frequency high-power electromagnetic transducer are greatly reduced, the energy conversion efficiency of electro-magnetic-mechanical-acoustic is greatly improved, and the design is very suitable for manufacturing the ultralow frequency high-power electromagnetic transducer. Compared with the traditional electromagnetic underwater acoustic transducer, the device has the advantages that the physical spring is replaced, the energy storage effect of the spring is avoided, the system stability is improved, and the service life under extreme conditions is obviously prolonged. In addition, the current sensor and the gap sensor in the device are used for better monitoring the operation state of the transducer.
For electromagnetic suction, the initial air gap needs to be maintained by the air spring.
The air spring has a supporting function, can effectively increase the stability of the system and prevent the system from collapsing due to overlarge electromagnetic force.
The part of the cylinder 12 opposite to the armature 6 is a weight 4, and the magnetic conduction base 1 is fixed on the wall surface of the weight 4.
The alternating magnetic field drives the radiation piece to generate reciprocating vibration, but the reciprocating vibration needs to be maintained by the elasticity of the air spring, so that the stability of the system is improved, and the deadlocking or collapse is prevented.
The whole structure of the transducer can be arranged under the water surface and emits sound waves under different water depths. The device can be matched with other devices to move underwater or fixed at a certain position underwater as a sound source.
The invention also provides a control method for the underwater acoustic transducer by utilizing the electromagnetic attraction, which comprises the following steps: each cycle of the drive current flowing through the drive coil 2 is composed of a first time period in which the waveform is the upper half cycle or the lower half cycle of a sine wave, and a second time period in which the current value of the drive current is 0.
In this embodiment, the first time period and the second time period are a front-stage vibration cycle and a rear-stage vibration cycle, respectively.
In a preferred embodiment, the time lengths of the first time period and the second time period are equal.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are all described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not to be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention should be covered by the present patent. After reading this disclosure, modifications of various equivalent forms of the present invention by those skilled in the art will fall within the scope of the present application, as defined in the appended claims. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. The electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer based on the gas spring is characterized by comprising a cylinder body, a sealing element (10) and a radiation element (8) which is connected with the inner wall surface of the cylinder body in a sliding manner and can slide along the axial direction of the cylinder body, wherein the cylinder body and the radiation element (8) are respectively and fixedly connected with the sealing element (10), and a watertight space is enclosed by the cylinder body, the sealing element (10) and the radiation element (8);
the watertight space is internally provided with an armature (6) fixed on the radiation piece (8) and a magnetic conduction base (1) arranged opposite to the armature (6) in the axial direction of the cylinder body;
the magnetic conduction base (1) is wound with a driving coil (2);
and a gas spring (9) is arranged between the magnetic conduction base (1) and the armature (6).
2. The electromagnetic suction type underwater transducer according to claim 1, wherein one end of the cylinder is provided with an opening, the radiation member (8) is arranged at the opening position of one end of the cylinder, and the magnetic conduction base (1) is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the other end of the cylinder opposite to the radiation member (8);
preferably, the cylinder comprises a weight (4) opposite to the radiation piece (8) and a cylindrical shell (12) fixedly arranged on the weight (4), the radiation piece (8) is made of light metal material, the magnetic conduction base (1) is fixed on the weight (4), and the weight (4), the cylindrical shell (12), the sealing piece (10) and the radiation piece (8) are sequentially connected to enclose the watertight space;
more preferably, the cylindrical shell (12) comprises a first cylindrical structure (121) fixedly arranged on the weight block (4) and a second cylindrical structure (122) arranged on the first cylindrical structure (121), the weight block (4), the first cylindrical structure (121), the second cylindrical structure (122), the sealing element (10) and the radiating element (8) are sequentially connected to enclose the watertight space, the inner diameter of the first cylindrical structure (121) is smaller than that of the second cylindrical structure (122), and the inner cavity of the first cylindrical structure (121) is communicated with the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure (122); the radiation piece (8) is connected with the inner wall surface of the second cylindrical structure (122) in a sliding way; the depth of the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure (122) in the cylinder axis direction is larger than the thickness of the radiation part (8) in the cylinder axis direction.
3. The electromagnetic suction type underwater transducer according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder has openings at both ends, the radiation member (8) includes a first radiation member (81) and a second radiation member (82) respectively disposed at the openings at both ends of the cylinder, and the first radiation member (81) and the second radiation member (82) are respectively connected with the inner wall surface of the cylinder in a sliding manner;
the second radiation piece (82) and the first radiation piece (81) can vibrate along the axial direction of the cylinder body;
the armature (6) comprises a first armature (61) fixed on the first radiation piece (81) and a second armature (62) fixed on the second radiation piece (82);
a fixed block (15) fixed on the cylinder is accommodated in the watertight space, the magnetic conduction base (1) comprises a first magnetic conduction structure (101) and a second magnetic conduction structure (102) which are respectively installed on two sides of the fixed block (15), and the driving coil (2) comprises a first driving coil (21) and a second driving coil (22) which are respectively wound on the first magnetic conduction structure (101) and the second magnetic conduction structure (102);
in the axial direction of the cylinder, the first magnetic conduction structure (101) and the second magnetic conduction structure (102) are respectively arranged opposite to the first armature (61) and the second armature (62).
4. The electromagnetic suction type underwater transducer according to claim 3, wherein the cylinder includes a first cylindrical structure (121), a second cylindrical structure (122) and a third cylindrical structure (123) respectively located at both sides of the first cylindrical structure (121);
the inner diameters of the second cylindrical structure (122) and the third cylindrical structure (123) are larger than the inner diameter of the first cylindrical structure (121), and the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure (122), the inner cavity of the first cylindrical structure (121) and the inner cavity of the third cylindrical structure (123) are communicated with each other;
the second radiation piece (82), the third cylindrical structure (123), the first cylindrical structure (121), the second cylindrical structure (122) and the first radiation piece (81) are sequentially connected to enclose the watertight space;
the first radiation piece (81) is connected with the inner wall surface of the second cylindrical structure (122) in a sliding mode;
the second radiation piece (82) is connected with the inner wall surface of the third cylindrical structure (123) in a sliding mode;
the depth of the inner cavity of the second cylindrical structure (122) in the cylinder axis direction is larger than the thickness of the first radiation piece (81) in the cylinder axis direction;
the depth of the inner cavity of the third cylindrical structure (123) in the cylinder axis direction is larger than the thickness of the second radiation part (82) in the cylinder axis direction.
5. The electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sealing member (10) is an annular elastic sealing structure;
the outer end face of the cylinder body and the outer end face of the radiation piece (8) are fixedly connected with the annular elastic sealing structure respectively, or the inner wall face of the cylinder body and the outer end face of the radiation piece (8) are fixedly connected with the annular elastic sealing structure respectively, or the outer end face of the cylinder body and the outer wall face of the radiation piece (8) are fixedly connected with the annular elastic sealing structure respectively.
6. The electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the magnetically conductive base (1) is an E-shaped structure;
the magnetic conduction base (1) of the E-shaped structure is provided with a first protruding part positioned in the middle and second protruding parts positioned on two sides of the first protruding part, and the driving coil (2) is wound on the first protruding part of the magnetic conduction base (1);
each convex part of the magnetic conduction base (1) faces the armature (6).
7. The electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a gap sensor (5) for measuring a gap between the magnetically conductive base (1) and the armature (6) is provided on the magnetically conductive base (1) or the armature (6);
and a sensor for measuring the driving current flowing through the driving coil (2) is arranged on the magnetic conduction base (1).
8. The electromagnetic suction type underwater acoustic transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a pressure regulating device (11) for filling or extracting compressed gas in the watertight space, wherein the pressure regulating device (11) is disposed outside the cylinder.
9. A control method using the electromagnetic suction type underwater transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising: each cycle of the driving current flowing through the driving coil (2) is composed of a first time section and a second time section, the waveform of the driving current in the first time section is the upper half cycle or the lower half cycle of the sine wave, and the current value of the driving current in the second time section is 0.
10. The control method according to claim 9, wherein the first and second periods are equal in time length.
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| CN115788416A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-03-14 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Low-frequency electromagnetic vibration sound source applied to petroleum logging |
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| CN115788416A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-03-14 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Low-frequency electromagnetic vibration sound source applied to petroleum logging |
| CN115961945A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-04-14 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Method and device for realizing low-frequency acoustic signal for petroleum logging |
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