CN111792879A - Heat insulation material prepared from obsidian and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat insulation material prepared from obsidian and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111792879A CN111792879A CN201910713295.XA CN201910713295A CN111792879A CN 111792879 A CN111792879 A CN 111792879A CN 201910713295 A CN201910713295 A CN 201910713295A CN 111792879 A CN111792879 A CN 111792879A
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- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000005332 obsidian Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 sodium alkyl sulfonate Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- CXRFDZFCGOPDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C CXRFDZFCGOPDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 4
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium nitrite Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]N=O CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCCJDBZJUYKDBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Cu] WCCJDBZJUYKDBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012321 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- SZEMGTQCPRNXEG-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(octadecyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C SZEMGTQCPRNXEG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AMTWCFIAVKBGOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;methoxy-dimethyl-trimethylsilyloxysilane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.CO[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C AMTWCFIAVKBGOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000022 magnesium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014824 magnesium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002370 magnesium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940083037 simethicone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 239000005335 volcanic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention provides a heat-insulating material prepared from obsidian and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing obsidian powder, water glass and the like, adding a proper amount of hydrogen peroxide, standing, foaming and drying to obtain the porous insulation board material, wherein the obsidian powder is used as a main raw material, the water glass is used as a binder, the hydrogen peroxide is used as a foaming agent, and the surfactant is used as an additive. The thermal insulation material prepared by the method has the advantages of low heat conductivity coefficient, low density, high compressive strength, excellent fireproof performance and water resistance, and can be used for preparing an external wall thermal insulation board. Meanwhile, the preparation process is simple, energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat-insulating material, in particular to a heat-insulating material prepared by a obsidian low-temperature foaming method and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Obsidian is a dense massive or scoria-like acidic vitreous volcanic rock with a silica content of about 70% and a water content of generally less than 2%. The obsidian reserves in China are abundant, most of the obsidian reserves are distributed in volcanic areas in China, the shahaizhen city of Jianping county in Liaoning province, and the coarse grain of the obsidian only reaches the shop, the south hollow and the four-section beam 3 and has more than 500 million tons, so that the rational development and utilization of the obsidian have important significance.
Obsidian has glass luster, usually black, but also can see brown, gray and a small amount of red, blue and green colors, and is often used as a raw material for making ornaments, but the ornament making has high requirements on the quality of the obsidian, and a lot of waste materials can be generated in the processing process, which not only wastes effective components in mineral resources, but also causes environmental pollution.
Obsidian, pitchstone and perlite are collectively called acid volcanic glass rock, and the obsidian has the advantages of small volume weight, good expansibility, high refractoriness, strong chemical stability, low heat conductivity, small hygroscopicity, sound absorption, frost resistance, acid resistance and insulation, and is expected to be used for manufacturing heat-insulating materials. Use obsidian to prepare insulation material as the raw materials, not only can promote the industrial value of obsidian, can also improve the consumption of obsidian tailing.
With the promotion and development of building energy conservation, the heat insulation material is more and more paid more attention by people as an important component of an energy-saving building material. The inorganic heat-insulating material has the characteristics of energy conservation, waste utilization, heat insulation, excellent performances of fire prevention, freezing prevention and aging resistance, low price and the like, and has wide market demand.
Many studies have been reported on the preparation of thermal insulation materials from perlite and pitchstone as raw materials. For example, chinese patent CN103626434A reports a pressure-resistant thermal insulation material containing pitchstone. The material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 36-40 parts of 200-300-mesh pitchstone powder, 22-25 parts of simethicone, 9-18 parts of phenolic resin, 17-22 parts of potassium tripolyphosphate, 5-7 parts of magnesium bicarbonate and 29-33 parts of water.
The expanded perlite heat insulation product prepared in the performance analysis of the expanded perlite heat insulation product by smelling red and the like has the heat conductivity coefficient of 0.065W/(m.K) and the density of 0.22g/cm3(ii) a The thermal conductivity coefficient of the prepared expanded perlite thermal insulation material prepared in the preparation and performance of the expanded perlite thermal insulation material such as the butyl group is 0.06W/(m.K), and the density is 0.18g/cm3。
However, obsidian, perlite and pitchstone are the same species of acid volcanic eruption rock, but have a difference in composition, and have a lower water content than perlite and pitchstone. Obsidian has a lower volume expansion factor than expanded perlite after high temperature heating due to its lower water content, so the performance index of expanded obsidian is inferior to expanded perlite, and the treatment of obsidian with expanded perlite and other methods for preparing insulation materials cannot yield insulation materials with low density and low thermal conductivity.
Therefore, there is a need to search for a thermal insulation material prepared from obsidian as a raw material and having excellent thermal insulation properties, and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and, as a result, have found that: the heat-insulating material is prepared by taking obsidian powder as a silicon source, water glass as a binder, hydrogen peroxide as a foaming agent and additives such as CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) and the like as a surfactant; uniformly mixing obsidian powder, water glass, an additive and the like, adding a proper amount of hydrogen peroxide, standing for foaming, putting the mixture into a drying oven for drying after complete foaming, and obtaining a porous heat insulation plate material after about 24-36 hours, wherein the prepared heat insulation material has a lower heat conductivity coefficient, a lower density, a higher compressive strength, an excellent fireproof performance and a water resistance, and can be used for preparing an external wall heat insulation plate; the preparation process is simple, energy-saving and environment-friendly, thereby completing the invention.
The object of the present invention is to provide the following:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an obsidian thermal insulation material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
in a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an obsidian insulation material, comprising the steps of:
step 1, mixing a surfactant and a binder to obtain a mixture I;
and 4, drying and cooling.
In a third aspect, the use of the obsidian insulation material of the first aspect or the obsidian insulation material prepared according to the method of the second aspect, for the preparation of an exterior wall insulation panel.
Drawings
Figure 1 shows the effect of hydrogen peroxide dosage on obsidian insulation material performance;
figure 2 shows the effect of solid-liquid ratio on obsidian insulation performance;
figure 3 shows the effect of CTAB dosage on obsidian insulation performance;
FIG. 4 shows an SEM photograph of the thermal insulating material obtained in example 5;
FIG. 5 shows an SEM photograph of the thermal insulation obtained in example 5;
FIG. 6 shows an SEM photograph of the thermal insulating material obtained in example 19;
FIG. 7 shows an SEM photograph of the heat retaining material obtained in example 19.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention.
The present invention is described in detail below.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an obsidian thermal insulation material comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
in a further preferred embodiment, the obsidian thermal insulation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
in a further preferred embodiment, the obsidian thermal insulation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
in the invention, the binder is an inorganic binder, preferably water glass, silica gel, phosphate, titanate and silicon copper glass cement, and more preferably water glass.
The inventor finds that the mass ratio (referred to as solid-liquid ratio) of obsidian powder to inorganic binder water glass has a great influence on the properties of the prepared insulation board material, the excessively low solid-liquid ratio can cause the slurry to be too thin and the produced bubbles to be difficult to retain, and the excessively high solid-liquid ratio can cause the slurry to be too thick and difficult to cast into a mold.
In the invention, the foaming agent is an inorganic foaming agent, preferably sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrite and hydrogen peroxide, and more preferably hydrogen peroxide.
Obsidian has a relatively low volume expansion factor after heating due to its relatively low water content, even when heated at high temperatures of 900-. In the present invention, the purpose of adding the inorganic foaming agent after mixing the obsidian powder with the binder is to produce a large amount of small-sized pores in the slurry using the external foaming agent under room temperature conditions in order to obtain a low-density and low-thermal conductivity insulation material.
The inventor finds that the thermal conductivity and density of the obtained insulation board material are reduced along with the increase of the addition amount of hydrogen peroxide. However, when the content of hydrogen peroxide is too high, the foaming speed is too high, large holes and communicating holes exist in the insulation board, and the density can be increased again. When the content of hydrogen peroxide is high, the porosity in the insulation board is high, and the compressive strength is reduced accordingly.
In the present invention, the surfactant is selected from one or more of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, preferably an anionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant, and more preferably a cationic surfactant.
In the present invention, the anionic surfactant is a sulfonate surfactant, preferably sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, or sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, and more preferably sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate.
In the invention, the nonionic surfactant is one or more of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, higher fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene, sucrose ester and ethylene oxide adduct of polypropylene glycol, and preferably higher fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene or sucrose ester.
In the present invention, the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, preferably one or more of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAC), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (STAB), and more preferably hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).
The inventor finds that CTAB has good coordination with anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants and has excellent properties of penetration, softening, emulsification and the like. And a small amount of CTAB is added into the slurry, so that the foaming condition of the slurry can be effectively improved. The pores generated in the slurry are more uniform, the pore diameter is reduced, and the shape is more stable.
The heat-insulating material provided by the invention has the advantages of low density, good heat-insulating property, high compressive strength and good fireproof property, for example, the density is as low as 0.15g/cm3The thermal conductivity coefficient is as low as 0.049W/(m.K), and the compressive strength is higher than 0.35 MPa.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing an obsidian insulation material, comprising the steps of:
step 1, mixing a surfactant and a binder to obtain a mixture I;
and 4, drying and cooling.
In the step 1, the method comprises the following steps of,
the surfactant is selected from one or more of anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant and nonionic surfactant, preferably anionic surfactant or cationic surfactant, and more preferably cationic surfactant.
In the present invention, the anionic surfactant is a sulfonate surfactant, preferably sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, or sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, and more preferably sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate.
In the invention, the nonionic surfactant is one or more of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, higher fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene, sucrose ester and ethylene oxide adduct of polypropylene glycol, and preferably higher fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene or sucrose ester.
In the present invention, the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, preferably one or more of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAC), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (STAB), and more preferably hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).
The binder is an inorganic binder, preferably water glass, silica gel, phosphate, titanate and silicon copper glass cement, and more preferably water glass.
In the step 2, the mass ratio of obsidian powder to inorganic binder water glass (referred to as solid-to-liquid ratio for short) has a great influence on the performance of the insulation board material, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 influence of solid-liquid ratio on the properties of insulation board materials
As can be seen from Table 1, too low a solid-to-liquid ratio can result in too thin a slurry and difficulty in retaining bubbles produced, and too high a solid-to-liquid ratio can result in too thick a slurry and difficulty in casting into a mold. In the experiment, the solid-liquid ratio is set to be 0.8-1.2, so that the heat conductivity coefficient and the density tend to increase along with the increase of the solid-liquid ratio, and the compressive strength is improved correspondingly.
In the step 3, the foaming agent is an inorganic foaming agent, preferably sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrite and hydrogen peroxide, and more preferably hydrogen peroxide.
The standing foaming time is 18-40 h, preferably 24-36 h, and more preferably 24 h.
In the invention, the hydrogen peroxide content has a great influence on the performance of the insulation board material, as shown in table 2:
table 2 influence of hydrogen peroxide content (wt%) on the properties of insulation board materials
As can be seen from Table 2, the thermal conductivity and density of the obtained insulation board material are reduced along with the increase of the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide. However, when the content of hydrogen peroxide is too high, the foaming speed is too high, large holes and communicating holes exist in the insulation board, and the density can be increased again. When the content of hydrogen peroxide is high, the porosity in the insulation board is high, and the compressive strength is reduced accordingly.
In the step 4, the drying temperature is 20-100 ℃, preferably 40-60 ℃, and more preferably 50 ℃; the drying time is 15-30h, preferably 20-26h, and more preferably 24 h.
Naturally cooling to room temperature after drying to obtain the heat-insulating material, wherein the heat conductivity coefficient is lower than 0.055W/(m.K), and the density is as low as 0.15g/cm3The compressive strength is higher than 0.35MPa, and the building thermal insulation material is a building thermal insulation material with good performance and can be used for manufacturing external wall thermal insulation boards.
In the invention, the preparation method also comprises the steps of 5, calcining and cooling.
In the invention, the heat-insulating material obtained in the step 4 is calcined at the temperature of 200-400 ℃, preferably 250-350 ℃ and more preferably 300 ℃; the calcination time is 10-60min, preferably 20-40min, and more preferably 30 min.
The inventor finds that the thermal conductivity of the material can be effectively reduced by calcining the thermal insulation material obtained in the step 4 through a large number of experiments. The reason is that in the heating process, the hydrogen peroxide remained in the material framework is foamed for the second time, so that a large number of secondary micropores are generated in the nonporous framework, the porosity of the material is increased, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the material is reduced.
The thermal conductivity coefficient of the thermal insulation material obtained after calcination is lower than 0.08W/(mK), preferably lower than 0.058W/(mK), more preferably lower than 0.052W/(mK), and the thermal insulation material can be used for manufacturing thermal insulation layers of boilers.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the use of the obsidian insulation material of the first aspect or the obsidian insulation material prepared according to the method of the second aspect described above for the preparation of an exterior wall insulation board.
According to the insulation material prepared from obsidian and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention, the following beneficial effects are achieved:
(1) the obsidian thermal insulation material provided by the invention has the advantages of low density, good thermal insulation performance, high compressive strength, and good fireproof performance and water resistance;
(2) the obsidian thermal insulation material provided by the invention can be used for preparing an external wall thermal insulation board; (3) the preparation process provided by the invention is simple, energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Examples
Example 1
Mixing 0.114g of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide serving as a surfactant and 60g of water glass serving as a binder to obtain a mixture I;
adding 54g of obsidian powder into the mixture I, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture II;
adding 1.14g of foaming agent hydrogen peroxide into the mixture II, stirring, and standing for foaming for 24 hours;
drying and cooling to obtain the heat insulation material, and testing the heat conductivity coefficient and the density of the heat insulation material.
Example 2
This example is the same as example 1 except that 2.28g of hydrogen peroxide was used; and obtaining the heat insulation material, and testing the heat conductivity coefficient and the density of the heat insulation material.
Example 3
This example is the same as example 1 except that 3.42g of hydrogen peroxide was used; and obtaining the heat insulation material, and testing the heat conductivity coefficient and the density of the heat insulation material.
Example 4
This example is the same as example 1 except that 4.56g of hydrogen peroxide was used; and obtaining the heat insulation material, and testing the heat conductivity coefficient and the density of the heat insulation material.
Example 5
This example is the same as example 1 except that 5.6g of hydrogen peroxide was used; and obtaining the heat insulation material, and testing the heat conductivity coefficient and the density of the heat insulation material.
Example 6
This example is the same as that used in example 1, except that 4.16g of hydrogen peroxide and 48g of obsidian powder were used; and (5) obtaining the heat insulation material, and testing the heat conductivity coefficient, the density and the compressive strength of the heat insulation material.
Example 7
This example is the same as example 1 except that 4.16g of hydrogen peroxide was used; the amount of obsidian powder is 54 g; and (5) obtaining the heat insulation material, and testing the heat conductivity coefficient, the density and the compressive strength of the heat insulation material.
Example 8
This example is the same as that used in example 1, except that 4.16g of hydrogen peroxide and 60g of obsidian powder were used; and (5) obtaining the heat insulation material, and testing the heat conductivity coefficient, the density and the compressive strength of the heat insulation material.
Example 9
This example is the same as that used in example 1, except that 4.16g of hydrogen peroxide and 66g of obsidian powder were used; and (5) obtaining the heat insulation material, and testing the heat conductivity coefficient, the density and the compressive strength of the heat insulation material.
Example 10
This example is the same as that used in example 1, except that 4.16g of hydrogen peroxide and 72g of obsidian powder were used; and (5) obtaining the heat insulation material, and testing the heat conductivity coefficient, the density and the compressive strength of the heat insulation material.
Examples 11 to 14
Examples 11 to 14 were the same as in example 5 except that CTAB was used in an amount of 0.171g, 0.228g, 0.285g, 0.342g, respectively; and respectively obtaining the heat insulation materials, and testing the heat conductivity coefficient and the density of the heat insulation materials.
Examples 15 to 19
The products obtained in examples 1 to 5 were mixedThe warm material is placed in a muffle furnace to be calcined for 30min at 300 ℃,and tested for thermal conductivity, density and compressive strength.
Examples of the experiments
Experimental example 1 thermal conductivity and Density test of samples
Measuring the thermal conductivity and density of the products prepared in examples 1-14, wherein the thermal conductivity, density and compressive strength of examples 1-5 are shown in FIG. 1 and Table 3;
the thermal conductivity, density and compressive strength of the products of examples 6-10 are shown in FIG. 2 and Table 4;
the thermal conductivity, density and compressive strength of the products of example 5, examples 11-14, are shown in FIG. 3 and Table 5;
the thermal conductivity, density and compressive strength of the products of examples 15-19 are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 3 amount of raw materials used in examples 1-5 and the measured thermal conductivity, density and compressive strength
TABLE 4 amount of raw materials used in examples 6-10 and measured thermal conductivity, density and compressive strength
TABLE 5 example 5, examples 11-14, raw material usage and measured thermal conductivity, density and compressive strength
TABLE 6 raw material usage and measured thermal conductivity, density and compressive strength in examples 15-19
As shown in tables 3 to 5 and FIGS. 1 to 3, the thermal insulation material prepared by the method of the present invention has low density, good thermal insulation performance, high compressive strength, and good fire resistance, for example, the density is as low as 0.16g/cm3The thermal conductivity coefficient is as low as 0.049W/(m.K), and the compressive strength is higher than 0.35 MPa.
As is clear from a comparison between tables 3 and 6, the thermal conductivity of the calcined heat insulating material tended to decrease, and in example 1, the thermal conductivity decreased from 0.127W/(m.K) to 0.075W/(m.K) after calcination. The calcined heat-insulating material can be used for manufacturing a heat-insulating layer of a boiler due to low heat conductivity coefficient.
Experimental example 2 SEM analysis of sample
SEM analysis of the heat insulating material obtained in example 5 is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5;
SEM analysis of the heat insulating material obtained in example 19 is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7;
as can be seen by comparing the SEM images, a large number of micropore structures can be obviously seen in the SEM images of the calcined heat insulating material, and the existence of the micropore structures reduces the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulating material.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The obsidian thermal insulation material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2. the obsidian insulation material of claim 1, wherein the binder is an inorganic binder, preferably water glass.
3. The obsidian insulation material of claim 1 or 2, wherein the foaming agent is an inorganic foaming agent, preferably hydrogen peroxide.
4. The obsidian insulation material of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is selected from one or more of anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, and nonionic surfactant, preferably anionic surfactant or cationic surfactant, more preferably cationic surfactant.
5. A method for preparing an obsidian insulation material, preferably for preparing the obsidian insulation material of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
step 1, mixing a surfactant and a binder to obtain a mixture I;
step 2, adding obsidian powder into the mixture I, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture II;
step 3, adding a foaming agent into the mixture II, stirring, and standing for foaming;
and 4, drying and cooling.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of 5, calcining, and cooling.
7. Use of obsidian insulation material according to one of claims 1 to 4 or prepared according to one of claims 5 to 6 for the preparation of exterior wall insulation board.
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| CN201910282307 | 2019-04-09 | ||
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| CN113896476A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-07 | 李仲明 | G50 graphite homogeneous fireproof insulation board and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20201020 |