CN111761189A - Window skin welding method for thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting - Google Patents
Window skin welding method for thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111761189A CN111761189A CN202010519135.4A CN202010519135A CN111761189A CN 111761189 A CN111761189 A CN 111761189A CN 202010519135 A CN202010519135 A CN 202010519135A CN 111761189 A CN111761189 A CN 111761189A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/007—Spot arc welding
Abstract
A window skin welding method for thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy castings is characterized in that a skin is assembled on a casting window, spot welding is carried out on the skin through argon arc welding, the assembling clearance between the skin and the casting window is not more than 0.15mm, the misalignment amount is not more than 0.5mm, then a zoom spot welding mode is adopted, electron beam welding is carried out on the skin in three welding processes, small-beam low-speed electron beam welding is firstly carried out, an upper focal point position is adopted, large-beam high-speed electron beam welding is then carried out, a surface focal point and the upper focal point position are adopted, finally, cover surface modification is carried out through the electron beam welding, the upper focal point position is adopted, deformation and welding defects of the skin welding structure of the thin-wall titanium alloy casting window can be effectively eliminated, the problems of large welding deformation and poor welding quality in the welding process of the thin-wall titanium alloy casting window skin, the problem of welding cracks of the high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy is avoided, and the product percent of pass of the casting is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding thin-wall titanium alloy casting window skins, in particular to a method for welding a thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting window skin.
Background
In the fields of aerospace, marine ships and the like, large-opening thin-wall parts are made of high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy in a large quantity, so that the weight of the structure is reduced. The large thin-wall complex component prepared from the high-temperature-resistant and high-strength cast titanium alloy is usually formed by casting, and then a skin is welded on a window of a casting. Because the high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy often contains elements such as C, Si, W, rare earth and the like, the casting and welding performance of castings is poor, casting defects are easily generated due to insufficient mold filling, the weldability of materials is poor, and welding defects such as cracks, air holes and the like are easily generated during repair welding, so that the welding difficulty of the castings is extremely high, and because the rigidity of thin-wall castings is poor, welding deformation is easily generated under the action of welding heat circulation, the dimensional precision of the castings after welding is influenced, so that the normal use of the thin-wall precision castings is influenced, particularly after the multi-window skin and the castings are precisely assembled and welded, the deformation of the welding seam positions of the skin and the casting windows can cause great influence on the size and the welding quality of the castings, so that the welding deformation and the welding defects are difficult to control, the yield of the castings is low, the development and production progress of products is influenced, therefore, the technical problem is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a window skin welding method for a thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting, which effectively eliminates the deformation and welding defects of a welding structure of the thin-wall titanium alloy casting window skin and solves the problems of large welding deformation and poor welding quality in the welding process of the thin-wall titanium alloy casting window skin.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a window skin welding method for a thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting is characterized by assembling a skin on a casting window, spot-welding and fixing the skin by adopting argon arc welding to ensure that the assembling clearance between the skin and the casting window is not more than 0.15mm and the misalignment amount is not more than 0.5mm, then carrying out electron beam welding on the skin by adopting a zoom spot welding mode in three welding processes, firstly carrying out small-beam low-speed electron beam welding, and adopting the position of an upper focal point to control the focal point to be 10-30 mm above the skin, the beam current to be 1-3 mA and the welding speed to be 400-1000 mm/min; then, carrying out large-beam high-speed electron beam welding, and controlling the focus to be 0-20 mm above the skin by adopting the positions of a surface focus and an upper focus, wherein the beam current is 5-10 mA, and the welding speed is 1200-2000 mm/min; and finally, performing cover surface modification through electron beam welding, wherein an upper focal point is adopted, the focal point is controlled to be 10-30 mm above the skin, the beam current is 1-5 mA, the welding speed is 600-1000 mm/min, and the welding is completed.
Preferably, after the skin is fixed through spot welding, a radial reinforcing tool is arranged inside the casting, and the inner wall of the casting is propped against the inner side of the radial reinforcing tool so as to reduce the radial welding deformation of the casting.
Preferably, the radial reinforcement tool comprises a central plate and a plurality of top plates, the top plates are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the central plate at intervals, the top plates and the central plate are connected through screws, so that the distance between the top plates and the central plate can be adjusted, and the surface shape of one side, away from the central plate, of the top plate is matched with the shape of the inner wall of the casting.
Preferably, before the skin is assembled, a laser cutting machine and an abrasive belt machine are used for cutting and size correction of the skin.
Preferably, the casting is clamped on the roller frame so that the casting can be turned over along the circumferential direction, and welding of the window skins at a plurality of different positions on the casting is achieved.
Preferably, the back step is pre-machined on the inner wall of the casting at a position corresponding to the weld before the skin is assembled.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the irregularity of variable cross section and variable size of the thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting, the invention adopts a zoom spot welding mode to realize the welding of the spatial position, avoids the error problem that the axis of the cylinder is not coincident with the axis of the tool caused by the alignment of the cylindrical cylinder and the condition that the non-cylindrical cylinder cannot align and uniformly rotate without the axis, effectively eliminates the deformation and the welding defects of the welding structure of the window skin of the thin-wall titanium alloy casting, solves the problems of larger welding deformation and poorer welding quality in the welding process of the window skin of the thin-wall titanium alloy casting, ensures the integral size precision of the welded casting, avoids the problem of welding cracks of the high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy, and improves the product percent of pass of the casting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a welded structure of a thin-walled casting and a skin;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a radial reinforcement tool.
The labels in the figure are: 1. casting, 2, covering, 3, center plate, 4, screw, 5 and top plate.
Detailed Description
Referring to the drawings, the specific embodiments are as follows:
a window skin welding method for a thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting is characterized in that a skin 2 is assembled on a window of a casting 1, spot welding is carried out on the skin 2 through argon arc welding, before the skin 2 is assembled, a laser cutting machine and a sand belt machine are used for cutting and size correction on the skin 2, the assembly gap between the skin 2 and the window of the casting 1 is not larger than 0.15mm, the misalignment amount is not larger than 0.5mm, and a back step is machined in advance at a position, corresponding to a welding line, on the inner wall of the casting 1. Covering 2 carries out spot welding fixed back, at 1 inside radial reinforcement frock that sets up of foundry goods, withhold the inner wall of foundry goods 1 from the inboard through radial reinforcement frock, in order to reduce the radial welding deformation of foundry goods 1, radial reinforcement frock includes a well core plate 3 and polylith roof 5, polylith roof 5 sets up along well core plate 3's even interval of circumference, roof 5 and core plate 3 pass through screw rod 4 and connect, so that adjust the distance between roof 5 and the core plate 3, the surface that roof 5 kept away from well core plate 3 one side is the cambered surface with the inner wall shape assorted of foundry goods 1.
Then clamping the casting 1 on a roller frame to enable the casting 1 to be capable of turning over along the circumferential direction so as to weld a plurality of window skins 2 at different positions on the casting 1, adopting a zoom spot welding mode, carrying out electron beam welding on the skins 2 in three welding processes, firstly carrying out small-beam low-speed electron beam welding, and adopting an upper focal point position to control a focus to be 10-30 mm above the skins 2, wherein the beam current is 1-3 mA, and the welding speed is 400-1000 mm/min; then, carrying out large-beam high-speed electron beam welding, and controlling the focus to be 0-20 mm above the skin 2 by adopting the positions of a surface focus and an upper focus, wherein the beam current is 5-10 mA, and the welding speed is 1200-2000 mm/min; and finally, performing cover surface modification through electron beam welding, wherein an upper focal point is adopted, the focal point is controlled to be 10-30 mm above the skin 2, the beam current is 1-5 mA, the welding speed is 600-1000 mm/min, and the welding is completed.
The first embodiment,
The blanking is carried out on the TC31 titanium alloy molding plate with the thickness of 2mm by adopting laser cutting, the size of the skin is ensured to be larger than the size of the window by 0.2mm, then the skin is repaired by adopting an abrasive belt machine, the good assembly of the thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting window skin and the casting window is realized, the assembly gap is wholly smaller than 0.05mm, the local maximum gap is 0.15mm, and the whole misalignment amount is smaller than 0.2 mm.
Aiming at the regularity of the cylindrical surface of the thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting, arc-shaped zoom point electron beam welding is adopted to realize the welding of the spatial position. In order to improve the rigidity of the structure, window skins on all the thin-wall cylinders are assembled, argon arc welding is adopted for spot welding and fixing, the cylinder structure is reinforced, the size of a spot welding point is smaller than 2mm, and the spot welding current is smaller than 60A. Meanwhile, a radial reinforcing tool is arranged near the position of the welding window of the cylinder body, so that the radial rigidity of the thin-wall part is improved, and the radial welding deformation is effectively controlled. The central shaft of the roller carrier clamping tool is used for completing circumferential overturning of the casting to be welded, and welding of windows at different positions is achieved.
For welding a TC31 plate with the thickness of 2mm and a GTi700sr high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting, firstly, welding at low speed by using a small upper focus beam with the beam current of 3mA and the welding speed of 600mm/min, wherein the focus position is 20mm above a welding test plate, and filling and shallow welding are carried out on an assembly gap. Then, the high-speed electron beam welding with relatively large beam current is adopted, 10mA beam current and 150KV voltage are adopted, the welding speed is 2000mm/min, the change rule of the surface focus and the focusing current is
A is the focusing current at the vertex, B is the welding maximumThe focusing current at the low point, K is the coefficient of the focusing current changing with the curvature. And finally, performing cover surface modification, wherein the beam current is 4mA, the welding speed is 1000mm/min, an upper focus is adopted, the focus position is located at a position 30mm above a welding test plate, and double-circular waveform deflection scanning is adopted to modify undercuts at two sides of the welding seam, so that the welding seam with a smooth and clean surface is obtained, the influence of welding stress and undercut meat deficiency on the performance of the welding joint is eliminated, and the dimensional precision of the cast after welding is improved.
Example II,
The method comprises the steps of blanking a TA15 titanium alloy forming plate with the thickness of 1.2mm by adopting laser cutting, ensuring that the size of a skin is larger than that of a window by 0.2mm, then repairing and assembling the skin by adopting an abrasive belt machine, realizing the good assembly of the window skin of the thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting and the casting window, wherein the assembly gap is smaller than 0.07mm, the local maximum gap is 0.1mm, and the unfitness of butt joint is smaller than 0.1 mm.
Aiming at the irregularity of the variable cross section and the variable size of the thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting, the welding of the space position is realized by adopting the electron beam welding of the zoom point, and the focusing current change function is obtained by adopting the quadratic interpolation aiming at the surface focus condition of different positions on the cylinder, thereby ensuring the specific position of the beam spot during the welding. In order to improve the rigidity of the structure, window skins on all the thin-wall cylinders are assembled, and are fixed by spot welding through argon arc welding, the size of spot welding points is smaller than 2mm, and the spot welding current is smaller than 60A. Meanwhile, a radial reinforcing tool is arranged near the position of the welding window of the cylinder body, so that the radial rigidity of the thin-wall part is improved, and the radial welding deformation is effectively controlled. The circumferential overturning of the parts is realized through the roller carrier, and the welding of windows at different positions is realized.
For welding a TA15 plate with the thickness of 1.2mm and a GTi700sr high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting, firstly, upper-focus small beam low-speed welding is adopted, the beam current is 2mA, the welding speed is 600mm/min, the focus position is 10mm above a welding test plate, and filling and shallow welding fixing are carried out on an assembly gap. And then, welding by adopting a relatively large-beam high-speed electron beam, and adopting an upper focus for the thin plate, wherein the focus position is 20mm above the welding test plate. And finally, performing cover surface modification, wherein the beam current is 3mA, the welding speed is 8000mm/min, an upper focus is adopted, the focus position is 20mm above a welding test plate, the seam undercut is modified by circular waveform deflection scanning, a welding seam with a smooth and clean surface is obtained, the influence of welding stress and undercut meat deficiency on the performance of a welding joint is eliminated, and the dimensional precision of a cast after welding is improved.
Example III,
The method comprises the steps of blanking a TA15 titanium alloy forming plate with the thickness of 1.2mm by adopting laser cutting, ensuring that the size of a skin is larger than that of a window by 0.2mm, then repairing and assembling the skin by adopting an abrasive belt machine, realizing the good assembly of the window skin of the thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting and the casting window, wherein the assembly gap is smaller than 0.07mm, the local maximum gap is 0.1mm, and the unfitness of butt joint is smaller than 0.1 mm.
Aiming at the regularity of the cylindrical surface of a thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting, arc-shaped zoom point electron beam welding is adopted to realize the welding of a space position, and a surface focus is adopted for a thin plate, and the focus position is positioned on the surface of a welding test plate. In order to improve the rigidity of the structure, window skins on all the thin-wall cylinders are assembled, argon arc welding is adopted for spot welding and fixing, the cylinder structure is reinforced, the size of a spot welding point is smaller than 2mm, and the spot welding current is smaller than 60A. Meanwhile, a radial reinforcing tool is arranged near the position of the welding window of the cylinder body, so that the radial rigidity of the thin-wall part is improved, and the radial welding deformation is effectively controlled. The central shaft of the roller carrier clamping tool is used for completing circumferential overturning of the casting to be welded, and welding of windows at different positions is achieved.
For welding a TA15 plate with the thickness of 1.2mm and a TA15 high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting, firstly, upper-focus small-beam low-speed welding is adopted, the beam current is 1mA, the welding speed is 400mm/min, an upper focus is adopted for a thin plate, the focus position is 10mm above a welding test plate, and assembly gaps are filled and fixed by shallow welding. Then, a relatively large beam current high-speed electron beam is adopted for welding, 5mA beam current and 150KV voltage are adopted, the welding speed is 1200mm/min, the surface focus and the focusing current change rule are
A is the focusing current at the top point, B is the focusing current at the lowest point of welding, and K is the coefficient of variation of the focusing current with curvature. Finally, cover surface modification is carried out to bundleThe flow is 2mA, the welding speed is 600mm/min, an upper focus is adopted, the focus position is located at the position 10mm above a welding test plate, the seam undercut is modified by adopting large and small double concentric circle waveform deflection scanning, a welding seam with a smooth and clean surface is obtained, the influence of welding stress and undercut meat deficiency on the performance of a welding joint is eliminated, and the dimensional precision of a cast after welding is improved.
Claims (6)
1. A window skin welding method for a thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting is characterized by comprising the following steps of: assembling a skin on a casting window, performing spot welding and fixing on the skin by adopting argon arc welding to ensure that the assembly gap between the skin and the casting window is not more than 0.15mm and the misalignment is not more than 0.5mm, then performing electron beam welding on the skin in a three-time welding process by adopting a zoom spot welding mode, firstly performing small-beam low-speed electron beam welding, and controlling the position of a focus to be 10-30 mm above the skin by adopting the position of an upper focus, wherein the beam is 1-3 mA, and the welding speed is 400-1000 mm/min; then, carrying out large-beam high-speed electron beam welding, and controlling the focus to be 0-20 mm above the skin by adopting the positions of a surface focus and an upper focus, wherein the beam current is 5-10 mA, and the welding speed is 1200-2000 mm/min; and finally, performing cover surface modification through electron beam welding, wherein an upper focal point is adopted, the focal point is controlled to be 10-30 mm above the skin, the beam current is 1-5 mA, the welding speed is 600-1000 mm/min, and the welding is completed.
2. The method for welding the window skin of the thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the skin is fixed by spot welding, a radial reinforcing tool is arranged in the casting, and the inner wall of the casting is propped against the inner side of the radial reinforcing tool so as to reduce the radial welding deformation of the casting.
3. The method for welding the window skin of the thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the radial reinforcement tool comprises a central plate and a plurality of top plates, wherein the top plates are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the central plate at intervals, the top plates are connected with the central plate through screws, so that the distance between the top plates and the central plate can be adjusted, and the surface shape of one side, away from the central plate, of the top plate is matched with the shape of the inner wall of a casting.
4. The method for welding the window skin of the thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before the skin is assembled, a laser cutting machine and a sand belt machine are adopted to cut and size-correct the skin.
5. The method for welding the window skin of the thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and clamping the casting on a roller frame to enable the casting to turn over along the circumferential direction so as to realize the welding of the window skins at a plurality of different positions on the casting.
6. The method for welding the window skin of the thin-wall high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy casting according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and before the skin is assembled, machining a back step in advance at a position corresponding to the welding seam on the inner wall of the casting.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113333934A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-03 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Assembly welding method for multi-layer thin-wall welding case with large height-diameter ratio |
| CN114523183A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-05-24 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Dynamic regulation and control electron beam welding method for alternating thickness section |
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Application publication date: 20201013 |