CN111750528A - 一种无箱式热泵热水装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无箱式热泵热水装置,包括热泵循环系统和水路加热系统,两个系统之间通过蓄热器和再加热换热器耦合。利用相变材料在相变过程中吸收或释放大量分潜热,替代传统体积庞大的蓄热水箱,实现热泵热水装置的无水箱化。“谷电”时期,由压缩机驱动热泵内循环工质做功,热泵循环工质在冷凝器内对相变材料进行加热,相变材料储蓄热量。用户在用电高峰期需要用水时,自来水直接通过与已蓄热的相变材料的进行换热得到热水,当水温达不到预设水温时,可打开热泵循环系统经再加热换热器进行辅助加热。本发明热水装置避免了水箱贮水沉积物的产生,水质更加清洁,可以有效地降低电网峰电时间的用电负荷,同时有效减少用户电费。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型无箱式热泵热水装置,特别是一种利用相变材料蓄热的无水箱式热泵热水装置。
背景技术
热泵热水装置是利用热泵原理,首先对热泵系统中的循环做功工质进行做功,使其经过压缩,冷凝,膨胀,蒸发四个过程实现热循环,循环工质在冷凝管中与自来水进行换热,经过换热的高温的热水输送到蓄水罐中进行保温储存。
热泵热水装置中,用户使用的热水不直接由能源(电,天然气等)进行加热,而由热泵中的循环工质进行加热,远离了安全隐患,避免了漏电等情况发生,管路换热也使水质更加清洁。
由于热泵成本构架原因,热泵热水装置含有整个热泵系统,包括压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器等关键部件,还要加上一个储水罐以及需要填充工质来储存热水,但我国的居民住宅以单元房为主,面积有限,不便于室内安装一个体积尺寸庞大的热泵热水器的立式储水罐。
相变材料可以在温度不变的情况下通过物质状态的改变而能提供潜热,转变物理性质的过程称为相变过程,相变过程一般是个一个等温或近似等温的过程,这时相变材料将吸收或释放大量的潜热,材料的相变潜热通常比其比热值大的多,甚至超出几个数量级。
潜热蓄热是利用蓄热材料在相变过程中吸收和释放相变潜热的特性来储存和释放热能的方法,由于相变蓄热拥有更大的储能密度,具有质量轻,体积小,所需装置简单的优点,此外其蓄热和放热过程近似等温,因此有利于热源与负载的配合,过程更易于控制。
将相变材料应用于热泵热水装置中,由于相变材料的蓄热温度低,与环境温差小,最大幅度减轻了散热损失,提高了能量利用率。
相变材料蓄热过程可以在用水空闲时间进行,可以较大程度减小压缩机的功率与尺寸,大幅减少热泵热水器的成本构架。
发明专利CN106016786A公布了一种无水箱式太阳能相变蓄热热水器,采用两种蓄热材料蓄热,可有效匹配夏季和冬季日照状况,有效利用能源,提高热水器利用效率;但该发明蓄热容器复杂,且在连续阴雨天气情况下热水器无法工作。
基于上述原因,本发明涉及的无箱式热泵热水装置对传统热泵热水器改进,用质量轻、体积小、可灵活布置的相变蓄热箱替代常规热泵热水器体积庞大的立式储水箱,这种“无水箱”式的热泵热水装置,避免了水箱贮水沉积物的产生,水质更加清洁,非常适合于国内单元房浴室安装。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足,本发明提出了一种基于相变材料蓄热的无水箱式热泵热水装置,利用相变材料在相变过程中吸收或释放大量分潜热,替代传统体积庞大的蓄热水箱,实现热泵热水装置的无水箱化。
本发明达成目的的技术方案是:
一种无箱式热泵热水装置,与常规的热泵制冷循环系统一样,系统中压缩机起着压缩和输送制冷剂及造成蒸发器中低压力的作用,是整个系统的心脏;节流元件对制冷剂起节流降压作用,并调节进入蒸发器的制冷剂流量;蒸发器是输出冷量的设备,制冷剂在蒸发器中吸收被冷却物质的热量;蓄热管路和再加热换热器类似于常规热泵的冷凝器,是输出热量的设备,从蒸发器中吸收的热量连同压缩机消耗的功所转化的热量在蓄热换热器中用于相变蓄热材料蓄热或用于加热换热器中继续加热经过预热的冷水。
所述装置主要包括热泵循环系统和水路加热系统,所述热泵循环系统由压缩机、风机、蒸发器、膨胀阀、蓄热管路、再加热换热器和相关阀门组成;所述水路加热系统由自来水阀、热水阀、温度传感器、取热管路、再加热换热器以及相应的阀门组成;所述蓄热器中包括制冷工质流经的蓄热管路、自来水流经的取热管路、填充相变材料的蓄热装置以及保温层。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.将固—液相变储热节能技术与高效供热的热泵技术进行了有机结合。
2.可以较大程度减小压缩机的功率与尺寸,从而可大幅减少热泵热水器的成本构架包括压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器等关键部件及需要填充工质等。
3.用质量轻、体积小、可灵活布置的相变储热箱替代了常规热泵热水器体积庞大的立式储水箱,甚至可以在房屋装修时将相变储热箱置于墙体内,非常适合于国内单元房浴室安装。
4.可利用“谷电”蓄热,减轻用电高峰线路负担,减少用户用电费用,且储热温度低,与环境温差小,最大幅度减轻了散热损失。
5.由于采用了分段加热与逆流高效换热技术,有效降低了加热过程中的传热温差,使得平均冷凝压力低于常规热泵系统,提高了系统的能效比。
附图说明
图1为一种无箱式热泵热水装置系统示意图;
图中:1、膨胀阀;2、蒸发器;3、风机组;4、压缩机;5、第一冷媒阀;6、第二冷媒阀;7、第一温度传感器;8、第一热水阀;9、再加热换热器;10、止回阀;11、第二热水阀;12、第三冷媒阀;13、第二温度传感器;14、保温材料;15、蓄热管路;16、相变材料;17、取热管路;18、第三温度传感器;19、蓄热器;20、自来水阀。
具体实施方式
本实施例是一种无箱式热泵热水装置。
如图1所示,一种无箱式热泵热水装置,包括由膨胀阀1、蒸发器2、风机组3、压缩机4、第一冷媒阀5、第二冷媒阀6、再加热换热器9、止回阀10、第三冷媒阀12以及蓄热管路15组成的热泵循环回路;由第一温度传感器7、第一热水阀8、第二热水阀11、第二温度传感器13、取热管路17、第三温度传感器18以及自来水阀20组成的自来水加热流路;由冷媒流经的蓄热管路15、相变材料16、被加热自来水流经的取热管路17以及保温材料14组成的蓄热器19。
结合图1对一种无箱式热泵热水装置的工作过程进行说明:
蓄热过程:在用电低谷期,第一冷媒阀5开启,第二冷媒阀6关闭,热泵循环回路中的制冷剂直接在储热换热器中进行冷凝放热,关闭自来水阀20,以确保加热换热器套管和取热换热器铜管内无水流动,启动压缩机,制冷剂蒸汽直接流入储热换热器中冷凝放热,此时相变储热材料处于固态,吸收冷媒释放的冷凝热后逐步开始熔化,冷媒蒸汽被相变材料冷凝成液体后流出储热换热器管路。
蓄热器中的相变材料吸收制冷工质的冷凝热后逐渐熔化并最终成为液态,由显热储热为主转变成显热储热为主,可以通过对箱变材料的温度进行监测,当所有监测点温度都升高到设定值时,即可认为储热过程已完成。
放热过程:当用电高峰期时,关闭压缩机,打开自来水阀20,自来水流经取热管路管路中吸收相变材料释16放出的潜热,对自来水进行加热,通过第二温度传感器13对取热换热器出口的水温进行监测,如果温度可以达到预设温度,则关闭第三冷媒阀12,水经第二热水阀11流出,为用户提供生活所需热水。
如果第二温度传感器13监测到的出水温度低于预设温度,则此时需要开启压缩机工作,通过再加热换热器9辅助加热,使水温满足用户需求,此时热泵循环回路中的第一冷媒阀5关闭,第二冷媒阀6开启,冷媒蒸汽流入再加热换热器9管路中释放冷凝热和低温热水进行逆流换热,使自来水温度迅速上升到达需要的出水温度,经再加热换热器中流出的制冷剂并未完全冷凝,经由蓄热器19中的蓄热管路15和相变材料16换热后进一步冷凝为液相流出蓄热器19。
随放热过程的进行,储热器19中的相变材料16的相变潜热得以释放,相变材料16逐渐开始凝固,加热能力开始下降,使得最终的出水温度也逐步降低,当出水温度降至一定温度以下时,放热过程结束,需开启压缩机进行蓄热过程。
以上对本发明的具体原理和主要特征及优点进行了描述,需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。
Claims (5)
1.一种无箱式热泵热水装置,其特征在于:包括热泵循环系统和水路加热系统,热泵循环系统和水路加热系统通过蓄热器和再加热换热器耦合工作,实现热泵循环系统和水路加热系统之间热量的交换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无箱式热泵热水装置,其特征在于:热泵循环系统由压缩机、风机、蒸发器、膨胀阀、蓄热管路、再加热换热器和相关阀门组成,蓄热管路和再加热换热器类似于常规热泵的冷凝器,是输出热量的设备,从蒸发器中吸收的热量连同压缩机消耗的功所转化的热量在蓄热换热器中用于相变蓄热材料蓄热或用于加热换热器中继续加热经过预热的冷水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无箱式热泵热水装置,其特征在于:水路加热系统由自来水阀、热水阀、温度传感器、取热管路、再加热换热器以及相应的阀门组成,自来水流经取热管路吸收蓄热器中相变材料释放的热量,通过监测蓄热器出口自来水的温度判断是否需要再加热。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无箱式热泵热水装置,其特征在于:当蓄热器流出水的温度低于预设温度时,可在再加热换热器中对低温热水进行再加热,此过程经再加热换热器中流出的制冷剂并未完全冷凝,可由蓄热器中的蓄热管路和相变材料换热后进一步冷凝,实现对能量的充分利用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无箱式热泵热水装置,其特征在于:蓄热过程可在用电低谷期进行,在用电高峰期进行放热过程,将“谷电”电能转移到“高峰”电能使用,降低了用户用电费用,减轻用电高峰期线路负担。
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CN113091489A (zh) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-07-09 | 徐州工程学院 | 一种用于余热回收的实验装置及方法 |
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US12123600B2 (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2024-10-22 | Octopus Energy Heating Limited | Reduced temperature water supply mode in a water provision system |
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CN115893548A (zh) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-04 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | 一种储热式净水系统及方法 |
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