CN111727803A - Hybrid pepper variety breeding and planting method for high-altitude slope farmland - Google Patents
Hybrid pepper variety breeding and planting method for high-altitude slope farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN111727803A CN111727803A CN202010788339.8A CN202010788339A CN111727803A CN 111727803 A CN111727803 A CN 111727803A CN 202010788339 A CN202010788339 A CN 202010788339A CN 111727803 A CN111727803 A CN 111727803A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid pepper variety breeding and planting method for high-altitude slope cropland, belonging to the field of agriculture, and the hybrid breeding comprises the following steps: selecting local excellent green pepper varieties in high-altitude regions and different nine-leaf green pepper varieties, hybridizing in the flowering phase, collecting seeds, and cultivating and breeding again to obtain the wild green pepper variety. The planting method comprises the steps of seed harvesting, seed soaking, sowing, transplanting, field planting, planting management and the like. The bred hybrid pepper variety inherits various excellent qualities of the nine-leaf green pepper and the local green pepper. Has strong disease resistance, freezing resistance and drought tolerance suitable for planting in high altitude areas, and has unique pepper quality. Good market prospect and high popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for breeding and planting hybrid pepper varieties in high-altitude slope cropland.
Background
The pepper is Rutaceae, Laxylum deciduous tree, the peel of the pepper is rich in aromatic oil, the oil content of the seed is 25-30%, and the peel and the seed can be used as medicines. Can also be used as spice, oil, medicinal material, health product and cosmetic, etc., is a multipurpose economic tree species, and has large market demand.
The Chinese prickly ash is drought-enduring and sunshine-loving, and is widely planted in various parts of China. With the development of agriculture and forestry technology in China, the planting area of various economic crops is continuously enlarged, and high-quality planting land is more and more rare. Particularly, most of cloud plateau areas are mountain areas, the altitude is high, the root systems of the existing zanthoxylum bungeanum quality are shallow and are easy to be frozen, and the yield value of the zanthoxylum bungeanum planted in the high altitude areas is always to be improved.
Therefore, improvement of pepper planting technology is especially necessary for high-altitude slope cultivated land areas such as cloud and precious areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the pepper planting technology of high-altitude slope cropland and provides a method for breeding and planting hybrid pepper varieties in the high-altitude slope cropland.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme is as follows:
a method for breeding hybrid pepper varieties in high-altitude slope cropland comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting local excellent green pepper varieties in high altitude areas, wherein the tree age is 3-5 years; selecting a different-place excellent variety of the nine-leaf green pepper, wherein the tree age is 3-5 years;
s2, before the flowering phase comes, topdressing and spraying a flower retention agent; picking pistils and pollen of zanthoxylum bungeanum at the flowering phase of zanthoxylum bungeanum, performing artificial pollination on flowers of zanthoxylum bungeanum in a high-altitude area, and performing artificial pollination 3-5 times at each flowering phase; then, cultivating and maturing pepper fruits in the high-altitude area, and collecting seeds;
s3, breeding, transplanting and planting the pepper seeds obtained in the step S2 in a high altitude area, observing for 3 years, carrying out preferential marking on excellent pepper plants successfully bred by hybridization, respectively reserving seeds, and keeping the tree age for 3-5 years;
s4, respectively carrying out secondary seedling raising, transplanting and planting on the pepper reserved in the step S3 in a high altitude area according to the parent plant region, observing for 3 years, and carrying out special marking on the plant with good pepper characteristic retention and the parent plant thereof; the pepper plants marked specially are the successful varieties of seed selection.
The judgment standard of the good pepper in the steps S3 and S4 is as follows: the bark is dark brown or green, and has a shape of tumor or protrusion, thick fruit skin and green fruit color.
The method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in the high-altitude slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) seed harvesting: selecting a mother plant which is successfully selected, and reserving the mother plant for seed production when the tree age is more than 5 years; after seed collection, the seeds are dried in the sun for 24-40 hours, the drying can be carried out for a plurality of times and a plurality of days, and then the seeds are dried in the shade in a ventilated place for 15-20 days;
2) soaking seeds: soaking the seeds in warm water, adding a little plant ash and washing powder, controlling the pH value to be 10-11, uniformly stirring, soaking for 20-40 hours in a normal-temperature environment, then draining, adding warm water, rubbing for 10-20 minutes to remove the oil on the surface, placing in a humid shade, standing overnight, and waiting for sowing;
3) sowing, sowing in spring in a nursery garden, applying 1100kg of fertilizer per mu in ploughing, burying the fertilizer in soil, raking surface soil, irrigating, sowing 40-50kg per mu, covering fine soil, covering a film with an arched shed, ventilating every noon after emergence of seedlings, and replenishing water in the evening;
4) transplanting, namely transplanting the seedlings to a field or soil fertilizing after the height of the seedlings is 30cm, wherein the row spacing is 1.5 m, topdressing organic fertilizer and water fertilizer can be applied, the seedlings can be sold when the height is 0.8-2 m, and then transplanting and planting the seedlings to a plateau slope farmland for planting;
5) planting, selecting sunny slope farmland with the elevation of 800-1500 m and the gradient of 15-70%, digging a large pit, applying base fertilizer, putting 50 g of quicklime powder at the bottom of the pit, filling soil after planting and irrigating;
6) planting management, wherein 20 days after planting, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied and water is supplemented once, and 40 days later, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied and water is supplemented once; after the seedlings are 3 m high, dressing a persistent fertilizer, trimming branches and leaves, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and weeding in time.
The seed temperature can not exceed 43 ℃ during the sun-seeding, and the sun-seeding is stopped when the temperature is too high.
The mass ratio of plant ash to water used for seed soaking is 1.5-2%, and the mass ratio of washing powder to water is 0.8-1.2%.
The depth of the planting pits is 40cm, and the pit distance is 2-2.5 m.
The quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer application and the water supplement can be carried out by adopting a spray irrigation or leaf surface spraying mode.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme does: the method for breeding and planting the hybrid variety of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the high-altitude slope farmland comprises the step of hybridizing local green Zanthoxylum bungeanum and nine-leaf green Zanthoxylum bungeanum in a high-altitude region, breeding a variety with characters close to that of the nine-leaf green Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and adaptively inheriting the variety of the local green Zanthoxylum bungeanum. The variety has strong disease resistance, freezing resistance and drought tolerance suitable for planting in high altitude regions, and the quality of the pepper is unique. The planting method for breeding hybrid pepper varieties adopts the techniques of special seed treatment, secondary transplanting and field planting and the like, fully utilizes the advantages of illumination and climate in high-altitude areas, and has the advantages of good seedling quality, good seedling growth vigor, thick pepper fruit skin, fragrant and pure taste. Good market prospect and high popularization value.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention. Referring to the drawings, like numbers indicate like or similar elements throughout the views. The described embodiments are only some, not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for breeding hybrid pepper varieties in high-altitude slope cropland comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting local excellent green pepper varieties in high altitude areas, wherein the tree age is 3-5 years; selecting a different place excellent nine-leaf green pepper variety with the tree age of 3-5 years.
S2, before the flowering phase comes, topdressing and spraying a flower retention agent; picking pistils and pollen of zanthoxylum bungeanum at the flowering phase of zanthoxylum bungeanum, performing artificial pollination on flowers of zanthoxylum bungeanum in a high-altitude area, and performing artificial pollination 3-5 times at each flowering phase; then, the pepper fruits in the high altitude area are cultivated to be mature, and seeds are collected.
S3, breeding, transplanting and planting the pepper seeds obtained in the step S2 in a high altitude area, observing for 3 years, preferably marking excellent pepper plants successfully bred by hybridization, respectively reserving seeds, and reserving the seeds for 3-5 years.
S4, respectively carrying out secondary seedling raising, transplanting and planting on the pepper reserved in the step S3 in a high altitude area according to the parent plant region, observing for 3 years, and carrying out special marking on the plant with good pepper characteristic retention and the parent plant thereof; the pepper plants marked specially are the successful varieties of seed selection.
The judgment standard of the good pepper in the steps S3 and S4 is as follows: the bark is dark brown or green, and has a shape of tumor or protrusion, thick fruit skin and green fruit color.
The pepper trees with the age of 3-5 years are selected for hybridization and artificial pollination, so that the yield of pepper hybridization can be improved:
| age of tree | 2 years old | For 3 years | 4 years old | 5 years old | 6 years old | 7 years old | 8 years old |
| Hybridization Rate | 54% | 55% | 49% | 42% | 39% | 35% | 32% |
| Seed selection result | 5% | 15% | 19% | 18% | 8% | 9% | 6% |
The method is adopted to pick and collect pollen of Chongqing nine-leaf green pepper and Zunyi local green pepper for artificial pollination, the condition that the character of seeds is hybridized is in inverse proportion to the tree age, and the 2-year pepper has less flowers and fruits and is not full and not easy to remain seeds. The hybrid variety has better stability of characters in 3-5 years, more fruits, full fruits and better seed reservation.
The hybridization breeding of the pepper variety has 10 to 8 percent of seeds meeting the breeding requirement. Becomes the breeding variety obtained by the invention. The method has various excellent qualities of the local green pricklyash peel and the nine-leaf green pricklyash peel in the high-altitude areas, is suitable for planting in sloping fields of the high-altitude areas, and obviously improves the yield and the variety.
Example 2:
the method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in the high-altitude slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) seed harvesting: selecting a mother plant which is successfully selected, and reserving the mother plant for seed production when the tree age is more than 5 years; after seed collection, the seeds are dried in the sun for 24-40 hours, the drying can be carried out for a plurality of times and a plurality of days, and then the seeds are dried in the shade in a ventilated place for 15-20 days; the seed temperature can not exceed 43 ℃ during the sun-seeding, and the sun-seeding is stopped when the temperature is too high.
2) Soaking seeds: soaking the seeds in warm water, adding a little plant ash and washing powder, controlling the pH value to be 10-11, uniformly stirring, soaking for 20-40 hours in a normal-temperature environment, then draining, adding warm water, rubbing for 10-20 minutes to remove the oil on the surface, placing in a humid shade, standing overnight, and waiting for sowing. The mass ratio of plant ash to water used for seed soaking is 1.5-2%, and the mass ratio of washing powder to water is 0.8-1.2%.
3) Sowing, sowing in spring in a nursery garden, applying 1100kg of fertilizer per mu in ploughing, burying in soil, raking surface soil, irrigating, sowing 40-50kg per mu, covering with fine soil, covering with film in an arched shed, ventilating at noon every day after emergence of seedlings, and replenishing water in the evening.
4) Transplanting, transplanting the seedlings to a field or soil fertilizing after the height of the seedlings is 30cm, wherein the row spacing is 1.5 m, topdressing organic fertilizers and water fertilizers, the seedlings can be sold when the height is 0.8-2 m, and then transplanting and planting the seedlings to a plateau slope farmland for planting.
5) Planting, selecting sunny slope farmland with the elevation of 800-1500 m and the slope of 15-70%, digging a large pit, applying base fertilizer, placing 50 g of quicklime powder at the bottom of the pit, filling soil after planting and irrigating water. The depth of the planting pits is 40cm, and the pit distance is 2-2.5 m.
6) Planting management, wherein 20 days after planting, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied and water is supplemented once, and 40 days later, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied and water is supplemented once; the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer application and the water supplement can be carried out by adopting a spray irrigation or leaf surface spraying mode. After the seedlings are 3 m high, dressing a persistent fertilizer, trimming branches and leaves, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and weeding in time.
After pepper seeds are picked, proper illumination can promote the blank bud of the pepper seeds to complete growth, and the blank bud of the pepper seeds directly dried in the shade can not completely grow. But the temperature and the time for sunning are required to be controlled, and no insolation is needed. After the seeds of the Chinese prickly ash are picked in autumn, the seeds are dried in the sun in warm light for 3-5 days, and the seeds are shaded or stopped when the temperature is higher in the burning sun or at midday. Turning over when sun-drying.
The following are the effects of seed treatment pattern and germination rate obtained from the applicant experiments:
the seed selection process adopts a water float method to remove blank-free bud and bad seeds, and other seed production, seed soaking and sowing modes are all local nursery gardens, which are referred to the method. Therefore, the activity of the seeds can be obviously improved and the germination rate can be improved by sunning the seeds. After being sunned for 40 hours, the seeds are not obviously influenced any more, and the subsequent drying treatment in the shade can be carried out.
After the fruit of the seed is mature, the embryo bud of the seed may not be completely developed, and the embryo bud can be promoted to be further completely developed under proper illumination and treatment conditions, so that the germination rate of the seed is improved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A method for breeding hybrid pepper varieties in high-altitude slope cropland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting local excellent green pepper varieties in high altitude areas, wherein the tree age is 3-5 years; selecting a different-place excellent variety of the nine-leaf green pepper, wherein the tree age is 3-5 years;
s2, before the flowering phase comes, topdressing and spraying a flower retention agent; picking pistils and pollen of zanthoxylum bungeanum at the flowering phase of zanthoxylum bungeanum, performing artificial pollination on flowers of zanthoxylum bungeanum in a high-altitude area, and performing artificial pollination 3-5 times at each flowering phase; then, cultivating and maturing pepper fruits in the high-altitude area, and collecting seeds;
s3, breeding, transplanting and planting the pepper seeds obtained in the step S2 in a high altitude area, observing for 3 years, carrying out preferential marking on excellent pepper plants successfully bred by hybridization, respectively reserving seeds, and keeping the tree age for 3-5 years;
s4, respectively carrying out secondary seedling raising, transplanting and planting on the pepper reserved in the step S3 in a high altitude area according to the parent plant region, observing for 3 years, and carrying out special marking on the plant with good pepper characteristic retention and the parent plant thereof; the pepper plants marked specially are the successful varieties of seed selection.
2. The method for breeding and planting hybrid pepper varieties according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the judgment standard of the good pepper in the steps S3 and S4 is as follows: the bark is dark brown or green, and has a shape of tumor or protrusion, thick fruit skin and green fruit color.
3. The method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in high-altitude slope farmland according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed harvesting: selecting a mother plant which is successfully selected, and reserving the mother plant for seed production when the tree age is more than 5 years; after seed collection, the seeds are dried in the sun for 24-40 hours, the drying can be carried out for a plurality of times and a plurality of days, and then the seeds are dried in the shade in a ventilated place for 15-20 days;
2) soaking seeds: soaking the seeds in warm water, adding a little plant ash and washing powder, controlling the pH value to be 10-11, uniformly stirring, soaking for 20-40 hours in a normal-temperature environment, then draining, adding warm water, rubbing for 10-20 minutes to remove the oil on the surface, placing in a humid shade, standing overnight, and waiting for sowing;
3) sowing, sowing in spring in a nursery garden, applying 1100kg of fertilizer per mu in ploughing, burying the fertilizer in soil, raking surface soil, irrigating, sowing 40-50kg per mu, covering fine soil, covering a film with an arched shed, ventilating every noon after emergence of seedlings, and replenishing water in the evening;
4) transplanting, namely transplanting the seedlings to a field or soil fertilizing after the height of the seedlings is 30cm, wherein the row spacing is 1.5 m, topdressing organic fertilizer and water fertilizer can be applied, the seedlings can be sold when the height is 0.8-2 m, and then transplanting and planting the seedlings to a plateau slope farmland for planting;
5) planting, selecting sunny slope farmland with the elevation of 800-1500 m and the gradient of 15-70%, digging a large pit, applying base fertilizer, putting 50 g of quicklime powder at the bottom of the pit, filling soil after planting and irrigating;
6) planting management, wherein 20 days after planting, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied and water is supplemented once, and 40 days later, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied and water is supplemented once; after the seedlings are 3 m high, dressing a persistent fertilizer, trimming branches and leaves, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and weeding in time.
4. The method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in the high-altitude slope farmland as claimed in claim 2, wherein the seed temperature cannot exceed 43 ℃ during the sun planting, and the sun planting is stopped when the temperature is too high.
5. The method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in the high-altitude slope farmland according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of plant ash and water used for seed soaking is 1.5-2%, and the mass ratio of washing powder and water is 0.8-1.2%.
6. The method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in the high-altitude slope farmland according to claim 2, wherein the depth of the planted pits is 40cm, and the pit distance is 2-2.5 m.
7. The method for planting the hybrid pepper variety in the high-altitude slope farmland according to claim 2, wherein the application of the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and the water supplement can be performed by sprinkling irrigation or foliar sprinkling.
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Application publication date: 20201002 |