CN111705227B - 两步法冶炼钛渣的方法 - Google Patents
两步法冶炼钛渣的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111705227B CN111705227B CN202010606124.XA CN202010606124A CN111705227B CN 111705227 B CN111705227 B CN 111705227B CN 202010606124 A CN202010606124 A CN 202010606124A CN 111705227 B CN111705227 B CN 111705227B
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- Prior art keywords
- slag
- smelting
- titanium
- titanium slag
- deslagging
- Prior art date
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwLjAnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwLjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMzguMCcgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID5UPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxNjUuNicgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID5pPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Chemical compound 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[Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N TiO Inorganic materials 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[Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials 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O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials 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O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound 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O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1218—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
Abstract
本发明涉及两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，属于冶金领域。本发明提供了两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，包括如下步骤：以钛精矿为冶炼原料，首先电炉冶炼得到TiO2品位为72％±1％的钛渣，然后出渣，出渣过程中向渣盆喷吹还原剂，将出炉钛渣还原成TiO2品位为74％±1％的钛渣产品。与现有钛渣冶炼工艺相比，本发明工艺操作简单，通过控制钛渣还原度，提高渣中FeO含量和降低低价钛氧化物含量，从而降低钛渣黏度，保证炉况顺行和出渣顺行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，属于冶金领域。
背景技术
钛精矿是冶炼钛渣的重要原料之一，该矿为多元素共伴生的钛铁岩矿，提取和冶炼难度都较大。钛渣冶炼过程中，钛渣的黏度对生产工艺有着重要影响，反映了钛渣的流变特性，若钛渣黏度大，会在冶炼过程中出现泡沫渣，导致电极高位运行，底部温度低，上部温度高，热效率低，且会对炉盖造成极大损伤，严重影响电炉的顺行。此外，若钛渣黏度较大，会导致金属铁不能较好的在渣中沉降，使得渣铁分离困难，出现出渣见铁的现象，降低渣中TiO2品位，严重时甚至会出现出渣困难的情况发生。由此可见，钛渣的黏度对钛渣的冶炼周期、冶炼过程的能耗、出渣顺行与否以及钛渣品位都有重要影响。而温度和钛渣成分是影响黏度的主要因素，炉渣成分一定时，提高过热度可降低黏度；当温度不变时，炉渣的黏度取决于炉渣成分。其中，FeO和渣中低价钛(Ti2O3)对黏度有重要影响，钛渣的黏度随FeO含量增加而降低，但过高的FeO又会影响钛渣的品位。而低价钛氧化物会增加体系熔点，从而增加钛渣的黏度。FeO和低价钛含量都受冶炼过程还原度控制，还原度越低，FeO含量越高，低价钛和TiO2含量越低。因此，要想在冶炼过程同时保证钛渣产品品质及降低黏度对炉况的影响是难以实现的。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的目的在于提供两步法冶炼钛渣的方法。
本发明提供了两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，包括如下步骤：以钛精矿为冶炼原料，首先电炉冶炼得到TiO2品位为72％±1％的钛渣，然后出渣，出渣过程中向渣盆喷吹还原剂，将出炉钛渣还原成TiO2品位为74％±1％的钛渣产品。
进一步地，所述电炉冶炼以冶金焦为还原剂。
优选地，钛精矿：冶金焦的质量比为100:(10～15)。
进一步优选地，钛精矿：冶金焦的质量比为100:(11～12)。
进一步地，所述的钛精矿主要含有如下重量百分比的化学成分：TiO2：45％～48％，TFe：30％～32％，FeO：32％～35％。
进一步地，送电量达到总加料量吨位值×(0.8～1.3)MWh时出渣。
优选地，送电量达到总加料量吨位值×(1.2～1.25)MWh时出渣。
进一步地，炉内样品的FeO含量达到11％～15％时出渣。
进一步地，所述出渣的渣流速为2～4t/min。
进一步地，向渣盆喷吹的还原剂选自煤粉、焦粉中至少一种。
优选地，向渣盆喷吹的还原剂为煤粉。
进一步地，所述的煤粉满足以下至少一项：所述煤粉的粒度为+300～-100目；所述煤粉的固定碳含量为80％～92％。满足以上条件的煤粉具备足够高的还原活性。
优选地，根据渣流速以及渣盆装渣量控制N2喷吹速度和喷煤量。根据本发明的一些实施例，出渣过程中喷煤量为50～200kg/min。优选地，出渣过程中喷煤量为180～190kg/min。
进一步地，所述喷吹所用的气体为氮气。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述冶炼钛渣的方法还包括以下步骤：将出炉钛渣还原得到的钛渣产品冷却，破碎，即得成品。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述电炉冶炼采用大型半密闭圆形电炉。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述电炉冶炼采用的加料方式为分批次加料。
本发明提供了两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，有益效果包括：
(1)与现有钛渣冶炼工艺相比，本发明工艺操作简单，通过控制钛渣还原度，提高渣中FeO含量和降低低价钛氧化物含量，从而降低钛渣黏度，保证炉况顺行和出渣顺行。
(2)喷吹还原活性高的还原剂如煤粉，将出炉钛渣深度还原至渣中TiO2品位约74％±1％，保证了产品质量。
(3)与现有钛渣冶炼工艺相比，钛渣冶炼时间缩短约8％，出渣时间缩短约10％，冶炼电耗降低约8％。现有冶炼工艺为直接将钛精矿与还原剂按一定比例入炉冶炼钛渣至品位为74％±1％，该品位钛渣中FeO含量较发明工艺中电炉冶炼钛渣品位至72％±1％的更低，而低价钛含量更高，低FeO含量、高低价钛含量导致电炉内钛渣黏度升高，不利于渣铁分离，导致出渣见铁，严重时甚至出渣困难，严重影响工艺顺行。本发明由于相对更低的还原度，能够缩短冶炼时间，且由于钛渣黏度低，出渣更顺畅，异常出渣炉次少，因此，能够缩短出渣时间，冶炼时间短也能相应的降低冶炼电耗。
(4)降低冶炼电耗，可相应的降低生产成本，缩短冶炼时间，可增加冶炼钛渣产量，因此，本发明起到了节能降耗增效的效果。
附图说明
图1为具体实施方式中两步法冶炼钛渣工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，包括如下步骤：以钛精矿为冶炼原料，首先电炉冶炼得到TiO2品位为72％±1％的钛渣，然后出渣，出渣过程中向渣盆喷吹还原剂，将出炉钛渣还原成TiO2品位为74％±1％的钛渣产品。
本发明提供的钛渣冶炼方法，首先通过电炉内还原钛渣至TiO2含量72％±1％，可有效降低炉内钛渣粘度，改变钛渣流变特性，使炉况顺行和出渣过程顺利，同时降低冶炼电耗、缩短冶炼时间，从而相应的提高钛渣产能，降低钛渣生产成本。出渣后喷吹还原剂将出炉钛渣深度还原至TiO2含量74％±1％，保证了产品质量。该两步法冶炼钛渣的工艺流程如图1所示。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的方案进行解释。本领域技术人员将会理解，下面的实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
以下实施例中所称攀枝花10#钛精矿主要含有以下重量百分比的化学成分：TiO2：47.09％，FeO：34.64％，Fe2O3：5.52％，TFe：30.86％，10#矿是指粒度+200目超过70％。
实施例1采用本发明方法冶炼钛渣
将攀枝花10#钛精矿与冶金焦按照质量比为100:11混合均匀后分批次加入大型半密闭圆形电炉内，其中，冶炼电流控制为25000～38000A，冶炼电压控制为10～25档(180V～330V)，当送电量为总加料量吨位值×1.2MWh时出渣，取样分析钛渣中TiO2品位为72.37％，FeO含量为11.54％，出渣时渣流速为3.17t/min。出渣过程中向渣盆不断喷吹适量的煤粉，煤粉的粒度为+300～-200目占比93.74％，固定碳含量为89.12％，喷吹所用气体为氮气，喷煤量按照180kg/min喷入渣盆中，冷却破碎处理后获得成品钛渣，取样分析成品钛渣中TiO2品位为74.48％，FeO含量为9.89％。
实施例2采用本发明方法冶炼钛渣
将攀枝花10#钛精矿与冶金焦按照质量比为100:12混合均匀后分批次加入大型半密闭圆形电炉内，其中，冶炼电流控制为25000～38000A，冶炼电压控制为10～25档(180V～330V)，当送电量为总加料量吨位值×1.25MWh时出渣，取样分析钛渣中TiO2品位为72.84％，FeO含量为11.02％，出渣时渣流速为3.27t/min。出渣过程中向渣盆不断喷吹适量的煤粉，煤粉的粒度为+300～-200目占比93.74％，固定碳含量为89.12％，喷吹所用气体为氮气，喷煤量按照190kg/min喷入渣盆中，冷却破碎处理后获得成品钛渣，取样分析成品钛渣中TiO2品位为74.9％，FeO含量为9.77％。
需要说明的是，本说明书中描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例以及不同实施例的特征进行结合和组合。
Claims (15)
1.两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：包括如下步骤：以钛精矿为冶炼原料，首先电炉冶炼得到TiO2品位为72％±1％的钛渣，然后出渣，出渣过程中向渣盆喷吹还原剂，将出炉钛渣还原成TiO2品位为74％±1％的钛渣产品。
2.如权利要求1所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：所述电炉冶炼以冶金焦为还原剂。
3.如权利要求2所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：钛精矿：冶金焦的质量比为100:(10～15)。
4.如权利要求3所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：钛精矿：冶金焦的质量比为100:(11～12)。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一权利要求所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：所述的钛精矿主要含有如下重量百分比的化学成分：TiO2：45％～48％，TFe：30％～32％，FeO：32％～35％。
6.如权利要求1所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：送电量达到总加料量吨位值×(0.8～1.3)MWh时出渣。
7.如权利要求6所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：送电量达到总加料量吨位值×(1.2～1.25)MWh时出渣。
8.如权利要求1或6或7所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：炉内样品的FeO含量达到11％～15％时出渣。
9.如权利要求1所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：所述出渣的渣流速为2～4t/min。
10.如权利要求1所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：向渣盆喷吹的还原剂选自煤粉、焦粉中至少一种。
11.如权利要求10所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：向渣盆喷吹的还原剂为煤粉。
12.如权利要求10或11所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：所述的煤粉满足以下至少一项：所述煤粉的粒度为+300～-100目；所述煤粉的固定碳含量为80％～92％。
13.如权利要求1所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：出渣过程中喷煤量为50～200kg/min。
14.如权利要求13所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：出渣过程中喷煤量为180～190kg/min。
15.如权利要求1所述两步法冶炼钛渣的方法，其特征是：出渣过程中使用氮气向渣盆喷吹还原剂。
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