CN111699969B - Breeding method of flooding-resistant rice - Google Patents
Breeding method of flooding-resistant rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN111699969B CN111699969B CN202010578922.6A CN202010578922A CN111699969B CN 111699969 B CN111699969 B CN 111699969B CN 202010578922 A CN202010578922 A CN 202010578922A CN 111699969 B CN111699969 B CN 111699969B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding flood-resistant rice, which comprises the steps of screening flood-resistant rice germplasm resources, selecting the flood-resistant rice germplasm resources to be hybridized and backcrossed with disease-resistant varieties, and obtaining a new flood-resistant rice strain with disease resistance by anther culture, thereby being beneficial to solving the problem of yield reduction caused by flood in areas where flood disasters are easy to occur; meanwhile, the breeding of the flooding-resistant rice is subjected to disease induction (rice blast, sheath blight and the like) and inoculation identification (rice blast and bacterial blight), the disease resistance is strong and stable, diseases caused after flood disasters can be resisted, and the safe growth of the rice and the stable inheritance of flooding-resistant characters are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rice breeding technology, in particular to a flooding-resistant rice breeding method.
Background
Rice is the most important grain crop for Chinese people. With the continuous trend of improving the living standard of people and reducing the increasing cultivated land of population, the rice yield is improved, the stable supply is increased, and the method is a long-term problem of trying to overcome rice breeding in China. In recent years, due to the fact that climate change has great influence on the yield of rice, precipitation change is one of main reasons influencing the yield of rice, and flood disasters often cause large-scale yield reduction and even outharvest of rice, the breeding of flooding-resistant rice varieties should serve as an important rice breeding target in China.
At present, flooding-resistant breeding of rice is advanced to a certain extent, but flooding-resistant research of rice mainly focuses on the fact that the rice can recover from flooding after being flooded for 7-14 days without top flooding. In the field production process, the restoration of the growth of rice after the flood removal is only the first step of reducing the disaster degree of the rice. After the disaster, the field humidity is high, the rice resistance is reduced, and the occurrence of diseases such as sheath blight, rice blast and the like is facilitated. In order to ensure that the rice can recover normal growth as soon as possible after the flood is removed, in the process of flood-resistant rice breeding, not only is the consideration of flood-resistant characters taken into consideration, but also the breeding of resistance is considered, and the occurrence of 'disaster after disaster' is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a flooding-resistant rice breeding method with disease resistance.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a breeding method of flood-resistant rice comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a flooding-resistant rice variety as a female parent and a disease-resistant japonica rice variety as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain a hybrid F 1 ；
(2) Planting F 1 Backcrossing with male parent to obtain BC 1 F 1 ；
(3) Seeding BC 1 F 1 After 15-20 days, flooding the rice for 7-10 days without top flooding, and after 7-10 days after flooding is removed, inducing rice blast and sheath blight diseases to carry out disease-resistant screening;
(4) after the flooding-resistant and disease-resistant screening in the step (3), transplanting the single plants which survive and can normally grow into a field;
(5) after transplanting in a field, carrying out inoculation identification on rice blast and bacterial leaf blight on a single plant, and screening rice blast and bacterial leaf blight resistant strains;
(6) selecting selected individuals to carry out Sub1 genotype detection, and selecting individuals containing Sub1 genes and having good leaf morphology to carry out anther culture;
(7) transplanting the flower culture seedlings in a field, and carrying out a 10-day non-top flooding test to breed a novel flooding-resistant and disease-resistant rice strain which has outstanding flooding-resistant properties and can quickly recover normal growth after flooding.
The flooding-resistant rice variety selected by the female parent in the step (1) is FR13A containing a flooding-resistant gene of Sub 1; the flooding-resistant rice variety contains a Sub1 flooding-resistant gene, and is used as a female parent to be hybridized with a disease-resistant japonica rice variety, so that the influence of cells on the breeding of the flooding-resistant rice variety is reduced.
Further, in the step (1), the disease-resistant japonica rice variety of the male parent is selected from Zhendao No. 18 and Zhendao 88. The disease-resistant japonica rice is adopted as the male parent for backcrossing once, which is beneficial to breeding the disease-resistant japonica rice.
BC in step (3) 1 F 1 The specific sowing specification is 15-20 g/m 2 (ii) a The over-dense sowing is not beneficial to the prominent growth of the flood-resistant rice after the flood removal, and the over-sparse sowing is not enough for the population, so that the flood-resistant rice strain is difficult to breed.
The method for inducing the diseases in the step (3) comprises the measures of re-applying N fertilizer and spraying water; after the flood, the field humidity is high, the rice resistance is reduced, and diseases such as sheath blight, rice blast and the like are favorably generated.
And (4) screening the selection containing the Sub1 gene in the step (6) by adopting a molecular marker method, accelerating the stability of a new waterlogged paddy line, realizing wide separation and recombination between the waterlogged and disease-resistant genes by anther culture and optimizing the selection efficiency.
Furthermore, the good shape of the plant leaves in the step (6) has the judgment standards of strong tillering property, tidy spike layers, large spike and large grain and good color change.
And (4) after the anther is cultured in the step (7), performing flooding screening for 10 days again, and effectively ensuring that the selected new flooding-resistant rice strain has stable flooding-resistant characteristics.
Has the advantages that:
the breeding method of flood-resistant rice provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1) the breeding of the flooding-resistant rice strain is beneficial to solving the problem of yield reduction caused by flooding of rice in areas with high probability of flooding disasters.
2) The breeding of flood-resistant rice is subjected to disease induction (rice blast, sheath blight and the like) and inoculation identification (rice blast and bacterial blight), has strong and stable disease resistance, can resist diseases caused after flood disasters occur, and ensures the safe growth of rice.
3) The breeding of the flooding-resistant rice is detected by the Sub1 genotype, and a single plant which contains the Sub1 gene and has good plant leaf morphology (strong tillering property, tidy panicle layer, more panicle grains and good color change) is selected for anther culture, so that the stable inheritance of flooding-resistant character is ensured.
4) Screening single plants containing the Sub1 gene by molecular markers for anther culture, accelerating the stability of new strains of the flooding-resistant rice, realizing wide separation and recombination between flooding-resistant and disease-resistant genes and optimizing the selection efficiency;
5) the flooding-resistant rice new strain obtained by breeding has disease resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a flood-resistant rice breeding method in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples:
example 1:
A) the implementation method comprises the following steps:
referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a method for breeding flood-resistant rice, comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a flooding-resistant rice variety FR13A (Sub1 donor) as a female parent and a disease-resistant japonica rice variety Zhendao 18 as a male parent to obtain a hybrid F 1 (Zhendao No. 18/FR 13A);
(2) planting F 1 Backcrossing with male parent to obtain BC 1 F 1 (Zhendao No. 18// Zhendao No. 18/FR 13A).
(3) Seeding BC 1 F 1 The seeding specification is 20g/m 2 And after 20 days, the rice is submergedAnd 7d, after 10d after the flooding is removed, disease resistance screening is carried out by inducing diseases (rice blast, banded sclerotial blight and the like) through re-applying N fertilizer and water spraying measures, and 137 single plants are obtained.
(4) After the flooding-resistant disease-resistant screening in the step (3), 137 survived single plants capable of growing normally are transplanted to a field.
(5) After the field transplantation, the single plants are inoculated and identified for rice blast and bacterial leaf blight, and rice blast and bacterial leaf blight resistant strains are screened to obtain 64 disease-resistant single plants.
(6) Selecting 64 individuals for Sub1 genotype detection, selecting the individuals containing Sub1 gene and having strong tillering property, regular panicle layers, large panicle grain and good color conversion, and carrying out anther culture to obtain 263 flower culture seedlings.
(7) Transplanting the flower culture seedlings in a field, and carrying out a 10-day flooding test to breed 67 new flooding-resistant and disease-resistant rice lines (NY-1, NY-2, … … and NY-67) which have outstanding flooding-resistant properties and can quickly recover normal growth after flooding.
B) The evaluation method comprises the following steps:
and respectively carrying out a top flooding test for 10 days 20 days and 35 days after sowing, and comparing the flooding resistance properties of IR64 and FR13A and 67 new flooding-resistant disease-resistant rice lines (NY-1, NY-2, … … and NY-67) by taking IR64 as a reference.
C) Evaluation results were as follows:
1) the flooding resistance is good, and the concrete performance is as follows (table 1):
TABLE 1 flood-resistant trait comparison
2) The disease resistance is good, and the specific expression is as follows:
the resistance identification of the rice blast, bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight of 67 novel flooding-resistant and disease-resistant rice lines (NY-1, NY-2, … …, NY-67) is carried out (Table 2).
TABLE 2 identification of disease resistance
From the evaluation results, the rice line bred by the method for breeding the flood-resistant rice has high flood resistance and excellent disease resistance, and a new flood-resistant and disease-resistant rice line is bred under the condition of long-term low-temperature flooding and has certain resistance to low temperature.
Claims (5)
1. A breeding method of flood-resistant rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a flooding-resistant rice variety as a female parent and a disease-resistant japonica rice variety as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain a hybrid F 1 (ii) a The flooding-resistant rice variety selected by the female parent is FR13A containing a flooding-resistant gene of Sub 1; the disease-resistant japonica rice variety of the male parent is Zhendao No. 18;
(2) planting F 1 Backcrossing with male parent to obtain BC 1 F 1 ；
(3) Seeding BC 1 F 1 15-20 days later, flooding the rice for 7-10 days when the rice is not covered by the roof, and inducing rice blast and sheath blight diseases for disease resistance screening 7-10 days after flooding is removed;
(4) after the flooding-resistant disease-resistant screening in the step (3), transplanting the single plants which survive and can grow normally into the field;
(5) after transplanting in a field, carrying out inoculation identification on rice blast and bacterial leaf blight of a single plant, and screening rice blast and bacterial leaf blight resistant strains;
(6) selecting selected individuals to carry out Sub1 genotype detection, and selecting individuals containing Sub1 genes and having good leaf morphology to carry out anther culture;
(7) transplanting the flower culture seedlings in a field, and carrying out a 10-day non-top flooding test to breed a novel flooding-resistant and disease-resistant rice strain which has outstanding flooding-resistant properties and can quickly recover normal growth after flooding.
2. The method for selectively breeding flood-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: BC in step (3) 1 F 1 The specific sowing specification is 15-20 g/m 2 。
3. The method for selectively breeding flood-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method for inducing diseases in the step (3) adopts measures of re-applying N fertilizer and spraying water.
4. The method for selectively breeding flood-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) screening the selection containing the Sub1 gene in the step (6) by using a molecular marker method.
5. The method for selectively breeding flood-resistant rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the good shape of the plant leaves in the step (6) has the judgment standards of strong tillering property, tidy spike layers, more spikes and large grains and good color change.
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| CN112662682B (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-09-07 | 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Rice OsFLZ18 gene and application thereof in regulation and control of plant flooding stress resistance |
| CN113796305A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-12-17 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Molecular breeding method for cultivating high-quality rice varieties suitable for comprehensive planting and breeding in rice fields |
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| CN109468315B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2021-09-07 | 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 | Rice flooding-resistant gene Sub1 codominant molecular marker and application thereof |
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