CN111637069A - A multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set - Google Patents

A multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set Download PDF

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CN111637069A
CN111637069A CN202010643763.3A CN202010643763A CN111637069A CN 111637069 A CN111637069 A CN 111637069A CN 202010643763 A CN202010643763 A CN 202010643763A CN 111637069 A CN111637069 A CN 111637069A
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speed
vacuum pump
centrifugal vacuum
speed centrifugal
gear box
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齐大伟
吴斌
陈德江
唐志共
杨炯良
李传旭
李伟华
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Ultra High Speed Aerodynamics Institute China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F04D17/105—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating with double suction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/004—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying driving speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/008—Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/4213—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps suction ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/4226—Fan casings
    • F04D29/424—Double entry casings

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种多入口高速离心真空泵组。该多入口高速离心真空泵组包括至少两个阵列排列的高速离心真空泵、一台增速齿轮箱、一台驱动电机、一套润滑系统和一套控制系统；每台高速离心真空泵的主轴均分别与增速齿轮箱入口处对应的增速齿轮箱高速轴连接，多根增速齿轮箱高速轴在增速齿轮箱出口处合并成一根增速齿轮箱低速轴，增速齿轮箱低速轴与驱动电机的电机主轴固定连接；润滑系统为每台高速离心真空泵和增速齿轮箱提供专用的润滑油路；控制系统独立控制每台高速离心真空泵的启动和停止。该多入口高速离心真空泵组流量大，能够满足超大流量排气系统的要求；结构紧凑，占用空间小；方便制造和检修维护。

Figure 202010643763

The invention discloses a multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump group. The multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set includes at least two high-speed centrifugal vacuum pumps arranged in an array, a speed-increasing gear box, a drive motor, a lubrication system and a control system; the main shaft of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump is respectively connected to the The corresponding high-speed shaft of the speed-increasing gearbox is connected at the entrance of the speed-increasing gearbox, and multiple high-speed shafts of the speed-increasing gearbox are merged into a low-speed shaft of the speed-increasing gearbox at the outlet of the speed-increasing gearbox, and the low-speed shaft of the speed-increasing gearbox is connected with the drive motor. The main shaft of the motor is fixedly connected; the lubrication system provides a dedicated lubricating oil circuit for each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump and speed-increasing gearbox; the control system independently controls the start and stop of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump. The multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set has a large flow and can meet the requirements of a super-large flow exhaust system; it has a compact structure and occupies a small space; it is convenient for manufacture, inspection and maintenance.

Figure 202010643763

Description

一种多入口高速离心真空泵组A multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set

技术领域technical field

本发明属于离心真空泵技术领域，具体涉及一种多入口高速离心真空泵组。The invention belongs to the technical field of centrifugal vacuum pumps, and in particular relates to a multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump group.

背景技术Background technique

离心真空泵具有流量大、效率高、噪声低、抽气量稳定等特性。随着航天、石油化工、金属冶炼、环保工程等各行业的不断发展，离心式真空泵因为其优良的特性而获得广泛的应用，各种排气系统中离心真空泵使用占比越来越高，现在，离心真空泵正不断替换曾经大量使用的包括射流式真空泵、水环式真空泵、罗茨式真空泵在内的容积式真空泵。The centrifugal vacuum pump has the characteristics of large flow, high efficiency, low noise, and stable pumping volume. With the continuous development of aerospace, petrochemical, metal smelting, environmental protection engineering and other industries, centrifugal vacuum pumps have been widely used because of their excellent characteristics, and the proportion of centrifugal vacuum pumps in various exhaust systems is increasing. , Centrifugal vacuum pumps are constantly replacing positive displacement vacuum pumps including jet vacuum pumps, water ring vacuum pumps, and Roots vacuum pumps that have been widely used.

由于离心真空泵转子转速非常高，所以离心真空泵转子直径不能太大，一般不大于1m，受离心真空泵转子转子直径的限制，离心真空泵的排量也受到限制，目前最大流量的离心真空泵排量为2500m3/min，大流量排气系统需配置很多离心真空泵，离心真空泵的数量过多给运行和操作带来极大不便。Because the rotor speed of the centrifugal vacuum pump is very high, the diameter of the rotor of the centrifugal vacuum pump should not be too large, generally not more than 1m. Due to the limitation of the rotor diameter of the centrifugal vacuum pump, the displacement of the centrifugal vacuum pump is also limited. The current maximum flow rate of the centrifugal vacuum pump is 2500m. 3 /min, the large flow exhaust system needs to be equipped with many centrifugal vacuum pumps, and the excessive number of centrifugal vacuum pumps brings great inconvenience to the operation and operation.

当前，亟需发展一种多入口高速离心真空泵组。At present, there is an urgent need to develop a multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump unit.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种多入口高速离心真空泵组。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump group.

本发明的多入口高速离心真空泵组，其特点是：所述的多入口高速离心真空泵组包括从前至后顺序连接的由N台阵列排列的高速离心真空泵组成的高速离心真空泵组、一台增速齿轮箱和一台驱动电机，以及一套润滑系统和一套控制系统，N≥2；The multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set of the present invention is characterized in that: the multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set comprises a high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set composed of N high-speed centrifugal vacuum pumps arranged in an array sequentially connected from front to back, a speed Gear box and a drive motor, as well as a set of lubrication system and a set of control system, N≥2;

每台高速离心真空泵的主轴均分别与增速齿轮箱入口处对应的增速齿轮箱高速轴连接，N根增速齿轮箱高速轴在增速齿轮箱出口处合并成一根增速齿轮箱低速轴，增速齿轮箱低速轴与驱动电机的电机主轴固定连接；The main shaft of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump is respectively connected with the corresponding high-speed shaft of the speed-increasing gearbox at the entrance of the speed-increasing gearbox. , the low-speed shaft of the speed-increasing gear box is fixedly connected with the motor spindle of the drive motor;

所述的润滑系统分别为每台高速离心真空泵提供专用的润滑油路，并由控制系统通过分别控制专用的润滑油路上的阀门实现每台高速离心真空泵独立润滑；所述的润滑系统还通过独立管路为增速齿轮箱提供专用的润滑油路，通过控制系统实现增速齿轮箱的独立润滑；The lubricating system provides a dedicated lubricating oil circuit for each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump, and the control system realizes independent lubrication of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump by separately controlling the valves on the dedicated lubricating oil circuit; the lubricating system also provides independent lubrication. The pipeline provides a special lubricating oil circuit for the speed-increasing gearbox, and the independent lubrication of the speed-increasing gearbox is realized through the control system;

所述的控制系统分别独立控制每台高速离心真空泵的启动和停止，根据工况需求打开所需的高速离心真空泵。The control system independently controls the start and stop of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump, and turns on the required high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump according to the requirements of the working conditions.

进一步地，所述的润滑油路为循环油路，具有润滑和降温的双重作用。Further, the lubricating oil circuit is a circulating oil circuit, which has the dual functions of lubricating and cooling.

进一步地，所述的控制系统包括安装在多入口高速离心真空泵组中的温度传感器、压力传感器和速度传感器和PLC模块，PLC模块根据各传感器反馈的数据进行数据处理，再生成指令控制驱动电机的转速、各高速离心真空泵的启停和阀门的开关。Further, the described control system includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a speed sensor and a PLC module installed in the multi-entry high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump group, and the PLC module performs data processing according to the data fed back by each sensor, and then generates an instruction to control the drive motor. Speed, start and stop of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump and valve switch.

本发明的多入口高速离心真空泵组中的N台阵列排列的高速离心真空泵通过增速齿轮箱共用驱动电机动力源，又保持各自流道的独立。In the multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set of the present invention, N high-speed centrifugal vacuum pumps arranged in an array share a driving motor power source through a speed-increasing gear box, and maintain the independence of their respective flow channels.

本发明的多入口高速离心真空泵组采用的各高速离心真空泵独立润滑方式能够保证某台高速离心真空泵停机时，不影响其他高速离心真空泵的正常润滑。The independent lubrication mode of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump adopted by the multi-port high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set of the present invention can ensure that when a certain high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump is stopped, the normal lubrication of other high-speed centrifugal vacuum pumps is not affected.

本发明的多入口高速离心真空泵组采用的各高速离心真空泵独立控制方式能够保证某台高速离心真空泵停机时，不影响其他高速离心真空泵的独立运行。The independent control mode of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump adopted by the multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set of the present invention can ensure that when a certain high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump stops, the independent operation of other high-speed centrifugal vacuum pumps is not affected.

本发明的多入口高速离心真空泵组流量大，能够满足超大流量排气系统的要求；结构紧凑，占用空间小；方便制造和检修维护。The multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set of the invention has a large flow rate, can meet the requirements of a super-large flow rate exhaust system, has a compact structure, occupies a small space, and is convenient for manufacture, inspection and maintenance.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的多入口高速离心真空泵组的结构示意图(俯视图)；Fig. 1 is the structural representation (plan view) of the multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump group of the present invention;

图2为本发明的多入口高速离心真空泵组中的高速离心真空泵的结构示意图(剖视图)。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram (sectional view) of the high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump in the multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set of the present invention.

图中，1.高速离心真空泵Ⅰ 2.高速离心真空泵Ⅱ 3.增速齿轮箱高速轴Ⅰ 4.增速齿轮箱高速轴Ⅱ 5.增速齿轮箱 6.增速齿轮箱低速轴 7.驱动电机主轴 8.驱动电机 9.入口Ⅰ 10.出口Ⅰ 11.入口Ⅱ 12.出口Ⅱ；In the figure, 1. High-speed centrifugal vacuum pump I 2. High-speed centrifugal vacuum pump II 3. Speed-increasing gearbox high-speed shaft I 4. Speed-increasing gearbox high-speed shaft II 5. Speed-increasing gearbox 6. Speed-increasing gearbox low-speed shaft 7. Drive Motor spindle 8. Drive motor 9. Inlet Ⅰ 10. Outlet Ⅰ 11. Inlet Ⅱ 12. Outlet Ⅱ;

101.前轴承 102.蜗壳 103.离心式叶轮 104.后轴承 105.主轴。101. Front bearing 102. Volute 103. Centrifugal impeller 104. Rear bearing 105. Main shaft.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和实施例详细说明本发明。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

本发明的多入口高速离心真空泵组包括从前至后顺序连接的由N台阵列排列的高速离心真空泵组成的高速离心真空泵组、一台增速齿轮箱和一台驱动电机，以及一套润滑系统和一套控制系统，N≥2；The multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set of the present invention comprises a high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set composed of N high-speed centrifugal vacuum pumps arranged in an array, a speed-increasing gear box and a driving motor, and a set of lubrication system and One set of control system, N≥2;

每台高速离心真空泵的主轴均分别与增速齿轮箱入口处对应的增速齿轮箱高速轴连接，N根增速齿轮箱高速轴在增速齿轮箱出口处合并成一根增速齿轮箱低速轴，增速齿轮箱低速轴与驱动电机的电机主轴固定连接；The main shaft of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump is respectively connected with the corresponding high-speed shaft of the speed-increasing gearbox at the entrance of the speed-increasing gearbox. , the low-speed shaft of the speed-increasing gear box is fixedly connected with the motor spindle of the drive motor;

所述的润滑系统分别为每台高速离心真空泵提供专用的润滑油路，并由控制系统通过分别控制专用的润滑油路上的阀门实现每台高速离心真空泵独立润滑；所述的润滑系统还通过独立管路为增速齿轮箱提供专用的润滑油路，通过控制系统实现增速齿轮箱的独立润滑；The lubricating system provides a dedicated lubricating oil circuit for each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump, and the control system realizes independent lubrication of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump by separately controlling the valves on the dedicated lubricating oil circuit; the lubricating system also provides independent lubrication. The pipeline provides a special lubricating oil circuit for the speed-increasing gearbox, and the independent lubrication of the speed-increasing gearbox is realized through the control system;

所述的控制系统分别独立控制每台高速离心真空泵的启动和停止，根据工况需求打开所需的高速离心真空泵。The control system independently controls the start and stop of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump, and turns on the required high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump according to the requirements of the working conditions.

进一步地，所述的润滑油路为循环油路，具有润滑和降温的双重作用。Further, the lubricating oil circuit is a circulating oil circuit, which has the dual functions of lubricating and cooling.

进一步地，所述的控制系统包括安装在多入口高速离心真空泵组中的温度传感器、压力传感器和速度传感器和PLC模块，PLC模块根据各传感器反馈的数据进行数据处理，再生成指令控制驱动电机的转速、各高速离心真空泵的启停和阀门的开关。Further, the described control system includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a speed sensor and a PLC module installed in the multi-entry high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump group, and the PLC module performs data processing according to the data fed back by each sensor, and then generates an instruction to control the drive motor. Speed, start and stop of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump and valve switch.

以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

实施例1Example 1

本实施例为双入口高速离心真空泵组，N＝2。This embodiment is a double-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set, with N=2.

如图1、图2所示，双入口高速离心真空泵组包括两台并列排列的高速离心真空泵Ⅰ1和高速离心真空泵Ⅱ2、一台增速齿轮箱5、一台驱动电机8、一套润滑系统以及一套控制系统。驱动电机主轴7通过联轴器与增速齿轮箱低速轴6连接，增速齿轮箱低速轴6通过齿轮组传动带动两根平行的增速齿轮箱高速轴Ⅰ3和增速齿轮箱高速轴Ⅱ4。增速齿轮箱高速轴Ⅰ3和增速齿轮箱高速轴Ⅱ4分别通过联轴器与两根高速离心真空泵的主轴105相连，主轴105通过后轴承104挂载离心式叶轮103，叶轮103通过前轴承101连接高速离心真空泵的入口，离心式叶轮103外包裹有蜗壳102。As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the double-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set includes two parallel high-speed centrifugal vacuum pumps I1 and high-speed centrifugal vacuum pumps II2, a speed-increasing gear box 5, a drive motor 8, a set of lubrication system and A control system. The main shaft 7 of the drive motor is connected with the low-speed shaft 6 of the speed-increasing gearbox through a coupling, and the low-speed shaft 6 of the speed-increasing gearbox drives two parallel high-speed shafts I3 of the speed-increasing gearbox and high-speed shaft II4 of the speed-increasing gearbox through the gear set transmission. The high-speed shaft I3 of the speed-increasing gearbox and the high-speed shaft II4 of the speed-increasing gearbox are respectively connected with the main shafts 105 of the two high-speed centrifugal vacuum pumps through couplings. Connected to the inlet of the high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump, the centrifugal impeller 103 is wrapped with a volute 102 .

介质气体通过高速离心真空泵Ⅰ1的离心式叶轮103做功后从入口Ⅰ9流向出口Ⅰ10，介质气体同时通过高速离心真空泵Ⅱ2的离心式叶轮103做功后从入口Ⅱ11流向出口Ⅱ12，高速离心真空泵Ⅰ1和高速离心真空泵Ⅱ2的流道分别独立运行。The medium gas passes through the centrifugal impeller 103 of the high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump I1 and flows from the inlet I9 to the outlet I10 after doing work, and the medium gas simultaneously passes through the centrifugal impeller 103 of the high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump II2 after doing work and flows from the inlet II11 to the outlet II12. The flow channels of vacuum pump II2 operate independently.

尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域。对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，可容易地实现另外的改进和润饰，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, and can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, additional improvements and modifications can easily be implemented without departing from the principles of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the general concept defined by the claims and equivalent scope. Specific details and legends shown and described herein.

Claims (3)

1. A high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump package of multiple entry which characterized in that: the multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set comprises a high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set, a speed-up gear box, a driving motor, a set of lubricating system and a set of control system, wherein the high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set is composed of N high-speed centrifugal vacuum pumps which are arranged in an array and sequentially connected from front to back, and N is more than or equal to 2;
the main shaft of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump is respectively connected with the high-speed shaft of the speed-increasing gear box corresponding to the inlet of the speed-increasing gear box, the high-speed shafts of the N speed-increasing gear boxes are combined into a low-speed shaft of the speed-increasing gear box at the outlet of the speed-increasing gear box, and the low-speed shaft of the speed-increasing gear box is fixedly connected with the motor main shaft of the driving motor;
the lubricating system respectively provides a special lubricating oil way for each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump, and the control system realizes independent lubrication of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump by respectively controlling valves on the special lubricating oil ways; the lubricating system also provides a special lubricating oil path for the speed-up gear box through an independent pipeline, and the independent lubrication of the speed-up gear box is realized through the control system;
the control system respectively and independently controls the start and stop of each high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump, and the required high-speed centrifugal vacuum pumps are opened according to the working condition requirements.
2. The multiple-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump group of claim 1, wherein: the lubricating oil path is a circulating oil path and has dual functions of lubricating and cooling.
3. The multiple-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump group of claim 1, wherein: the control system comprises a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a speed sensor and a PLC module which are arranged in the multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set, the PLC module carries out data processing according to data fed back by the sensors and then generates instructions to control the rotating speed of the driving motor, the starting and stopping of the high-speed centrifugal vacuum pumps and the opening and closing of the valves.
CN202010643763.3A 2020-07-07 2020-07-07 A multi-inlet high-speed centrifugal vacuum pump set Pending CN111637069A (en)

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