CN111632729A - Large-size garbage automatic crushing and separation treatment device and process method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic crushing and separating treatment device and a process method for large garbage, which comprises a feeding device, a separating device and a separating device, wherein the feeding device is used for receiving thrown materials and conveying the materials; the primary crushing equipment is used for primarily crushing the materials; the secondary crushing equipment is used for finely crushing the materials; the magnetic separator is used for separating metal materials; the screening equipment is used for separating large-size light substances; and a winnowing machine for separating small-sized light materials. The invention can efficiently and safely convert large garbage into metal products, large-size light material products and small-size light material products, and has high sorting efficiency and excellent cost performance.

Description

Large-size garbage automatic crushing and separation treatment device and process method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of bulky waste treatment, in particular to an automatic crushing and separation processing device and a process method for bulky waste.

Background technique

In recent years, with the improvement of people's material living standards, the replacement of furniture has become more and more frequent, and the large-scale garbage generated in the process of urban residents' house decoration and daily life has become a major problem for residents' garbage disposal.

Large pieces of garbage and large pieces of furniture mainly refer to wastes that weigh more than 5 kilograms or have a volume of more than 0.2 cubic meters or a length of more than 1 meter, and have strong integrity and need to be dismantled for reuse or disposal, such as waste mattresses and waste beds. The composition of the pad is mainly metal (metal support and inner spring), fabric and filling sponge. Compared with other urban domestic waste, it has the following difficulties: First, it is bulky and inconvenient to transport. Occupying valuable land resources, hindering public transportation, and causing adverse effects on the appearance and sanitation of the city; Second, large-scale garbage often has high recycling value. The main components of waste mattresses are wood, sponge, metal, fabric, etc. If it is good, it can turn waste into treasure; third, it often contains some harmful substances, which are not easy to degrade and easily become a source of pollution.

Therefore, the bulky waste should be further processed in a targeted, reasonable and efficient manner to achieve volume reduction, crushing, and harmless treatment of solid waste. Resource utilization is an important measure for bulky waste treatment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic crushing and separation processing device and process method for large-size garbage in view of the current "three lows" treatment status of low processing efficiency, low purity of finished products and low comprehensive utilization rate of large-size garbage. The waste can be efficiently and safely converted into metal products, large-size light-material products and small-size light-material products, with efficient sorting and superior cost performance, which can solve the above-mentioned problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the above purpose, one aspect of the present invention provides an automatic crushing and separation processing device for bulky waste, including:

Feeding equipment, used to undertake the delivery of materials and carry out the conveying of materials;

Primary crushing equipment for preliminary crushing of materials;

Secondary crushing equipment, used for fine crushing of materials;

Magnetic separator for separating metal materials;

Screening equipment for the separation of large-sized light substances; and

Air separator for separating small-sized light substances.

Further, the feeding equipment, the primary crushing equipment, the secondary crushing equipment, the magnetic separator, the screening equipment and the air separator are arranged in sequence, and there is a space between the primary crushing equipment and the secondary crushing equipment. The first conveyor belt, a second conveyor belt is arranged between the secondary crushing equipment and the screening equipment, the magnetic separator is installed on the second conveyor belt, and the screening equipment is connected to the air separator. A third conveyor belt is arranged between the machines.

Further, the feeding device is a stepping feeder or a chain plate conveyor.

Further, the primary crushing equipment is a shearing or tearing pre-crusher, including a movable blade, a fixed blade, a transmission mechanism, a casing, a power controller and a screen, and the movable blade is accompanied by the transmission mechanism. High-speed rotation, shearing with the fixed blade, and preliminary crushing of the material by shearing or tearing.

Further, the secondary crushing equipment is a vertical crusher or a wire separator.

Further, the vertical crusher includes a hopper, an impeller blade, a casing, a rotating shaft, a power device, and a control device.

Further, the wire separator includes a box body, a double-shaft cutter roller with a file, a file on the fixed box body, a transmission device and a control box, and the transmission device includes a reducer, a coupling and a gear.

Further, the magnetic separator is a suspended self-unloading magnetic separator, including a bracket, a magnetized magnetic pole, a rotating shaft, a scraper, a belt, a power source, and a control end.

Further, the screening equipment is a triangular disc screen, which includes triangular blades, a rotating shaft, a fixed frame, a gear box, a motor and a control system, and the triangular blades are arranged on the rotating shaft, in a shape of one along the respective rotating shafts. The horizontal angle is installed on the bracket, and the gear box is connected to the rotating shaft. Using the size difference between the materials, the materials are divided by the rotating curved surface movement of the triangular blades, and the large-sized light materials are separated.

Further, the air separator is a Z-type air separator, including a frame, a fan, a pipe, a feed port, a discharge port and a separation chamber, the shape of the pipe is a zigzag, and the transformation angle is 50-70 Using the density difference between materials, the light materials are blown out from the heavy materials through the airflow, and the small-sized light materials are separated.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a process method for automatic crushing and separation of bulky waste, comprising the following steps:

Step (1): Preliminary crushing of bulky waste: After the bulky waste enters the factory, it is directly fed into the primary crushing equipment through the feeding equipment. The primary crushing equipment has its own pressing device. During the extrusion shear stress process Dispose of large pieces of garbage with uneven sizes to meet the requirements of fine crushing;

Step (2): fine crushing of bulky waste: the materials after primary crushing are transferred to secondary crushing equipment, which can crush materials of different properties in the process of fine crushing. Spherical or block and separated from the light material, the fabric light material is dispersed evenly, and the wood is broken into relatively small blocks and granules;

Step (3): metal sorting: after the aforementioned materials are finely crushed, the adhesion between different types of materials is converted into separation, and after being sorted by a magnetic separator, spherical metal products and residual materials with high purity can be obtained;

Step (4): size screening: the size of the remaining materials after sorting is different, and the large-sized light materials are screened out by screening equipment;

Step (5): air sifting and screening: in addition to small-sized light materials, the under-sieve obtained after the remaining materials are screened by the sieving equipment also contains other impurities, and the second separation by the air separator can remove the impurities. Muck, which separates out small-sized light substances.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) After the present invention adopts the above technical scheme, the raw material bulky waste is converted into metal products, large-size light-material products and small-size light-material products; two crushing processes, namely primary crushing and fine crushing, are provided. The size of the obtained product is small, and the volume reduction effect is obvious; the sorting process fully considers the characteristics of the material, the sorting effect is good, and the resource of all categories can be realized.

(2) The present invention adopts the screening method of size screening and air separation, which realizes the crushing and sorting of complex large wastes, improves the separation rate of metals and other light materials, and facilitates the subsequent magnetic separator to separate the metals. Selected; in the process of resource utilization of all categories, the reduction and harmlessness are realized, and the product purity is improved and the economic benefits are good.

(3) The objects to be treated by the present invention are all kinds of large garbage, such as waste furniture, waste tables and chairs, waste mattresses, large garden waste, etc. The applicable objects are highly inclusive and universal, and can effectively solve the problem. The problem of recycling bulky waste.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process method of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment provides an automatic crushing and separation processing device for bulky waste, including feeding equipment, primary crushing equipment, secondary crushing equipment, magnetic separator, screening equipment and air separator; The material is transported into the primary crushing equipment through the feeding equipment, and a first conveyor belt is set between the primary crushing equipment and the secondary crushing equipment to connect the conveying materials; the secondary crushing equipment is connected with the secondary crushing equipment at the same time. The screening equipment is connected by a second conveyor belt, wherein a magnetic separator is installed on the second conveyor belt; the screening equipment and the wind separator are connected by a third conveyor belt .

The feeding equipment is preferably a step-by-step feeder or a chain plate conveyor, which undertakes the input or put in materials, and conveys the materials by means of motor transmission. The setting height, width and speed of the feeding equipment Match and adjust according to different materials and working conditions.

The first-stage crushing equipment is preferably a shearing or tearing pre-shredder, and the material is preliminarily crushed by shearing or tearing; the pre-shredder has a movable blade, a fixed blade, a transmission mechanism, a casing, and a power control. The moving blade rotates at high speed with the transmission mechanism, and shears with the fixed blade. After the material enters the crushing cavity from the feeding port, the moving blade rotates together with the main shaft of the transmission mechanism. Multiple shears are generated, and materials of different thicknesses are generated through the screen.

The secondary crushing equipment is preferably a vertical crusher or a wire separator, which finely crushes the material by means of shearing or extrusion; the vertical crusher has a hopper, an impeller blade, a casing, a rotating shaft, Power device and control device. The material falls vertically into the high-speed rotating impeller blade from the upper hopper of the casing. Under the action of high-speed centrifugal force, it collides and smashes with another part of the material shunted around the impeller blade. After the materials collide with each other , and the material will form eddy currents between the impeller blade and the casing to collide with each other for many times, rub and smash, and discharge straight from the lower part; the wire separator includes a box body, a double-shaft knife roller with a file, a fixed The file on the box body, as well as the transmission device and the control box, the transmission device includes a reducer, a coupling, a gear, and is extruded and sheared by the double-axis knife roller during operation, and the speed ratio of the double-axis knife roller If it is poor, the material is shredded and sheared to a smaller particle size.

The magnetic separator is preferably a suspended self-unloading magnetic separator, which uses the principle of magnetic magnetization to separate the magnetic metal substances in the material; including brackets, magnetized magnetic poles, rotating shafts, scrapers, belts, power sources, control At the end, after electrification, a magnetic field is generated around the magnetized magnetic poles, and the magnetic field between the magnetized magnetic poles magnetizes the metal material, showing magnetism, thereby generating a magnetic force; The separation of the material is driven by the belt to one end and then separated by the scraper.

The screening equipment is preferably a triangular disc screen, which consists of triangular blades, a rotating shaft, a fixed frame, a gear box, a motor and a control system. The triangular blades are arranged on the rotating shaft and are installed at a horizontal angle along the respective rotating shafts. On the bracket, the gear box is connected to the rotating shaft. The height of the rotating shaft can be adjusted up and down. The size difference between the materials is used to divide the materials through the rotating curved surface movement of the triangular blades.

The air separator is preferably a Z-type air separator, which is mainly composed of a frame, a fan, a pipe, a feed port, a discharge port, and a separation chamber. The shape of the pipe is preferably Z-shaped, and the transformation angle is 50-70 degrees. , to take advantage of the density difference between the materials, and the light materials are blown out from the heavy materials through the air flow to achieve separation; when the machine is working, after the materials enter the separation chamber from the feeding port, the materials fall along the Z-shaped pipe under the action of gravity, and the fan is driven by the fan. The blowing airflow enters from the bottom of the pipeline, and is screened by the difference between the buoyancy and gravity of the airflow, the small particles are discharged upwards with the airflow, and the large particles are discharged at the bottom of the pipeline.

The present embodiment also provides a process method for automatic crushing and separation of bulky waste, comprising the following steps:

Step (1) Primary crushing of bulky waste: After the bulky waste enters the factory, it is directly fed into the primary crushing equipment through the feeding equipment. The primary crushing equipment has its own pressing device, which will The original size of the large-sized garbage is not uniform, and the size that meets the requirements of fine crushing shall be treated;

Step (2) Fine crushing of bulky waste: the materials after primary crushing are transferred to secondary crushing equipment, which can crush materials of different properties in the process of fine crushing, in which the metal is crushed into spherical shapes Or block and separated from light materials, fabric light materials are dispersed evenly, and wood is broken into relatively small blocks and granules;

Step (3) sorting of metal: after the aforementioned material is finely crushed, the adhesion between different types of materials is converted into separation, and then the spherical metal product and residual material with high purity can be obtained after sorting by a magnetic separator;

Step (4) size screening: the remaining materials after sorting are different in size, and the large-sized light materials are screened out by screening equipment;

Step (5) Air-separation and screening: in addition to the small-sized light material, the under-screen obtained after the remaining material is screened by the screening equipment also contains other impurities, and the second separation by the air-separator can remove the slag. earth.

Further, in the step (1), the primary crushing is for the large and irregular size of the large garbage, and the material is complex and contains soft and hard substances. The life of crushing equipment is improved, and the efficiency of fine crushing is improved.

In the described step (2), after the material is initially broken through the first pass, the size is relatively uniform, but there will still be a large number of long materials, the adhesion problem between the fabric and the metal, and the secondary crushing equipment is added in this process step for fine crushing. It can be effectively solved after treatment.

The steps (3) and (4) are to use the magnetic properties of different materials and the physical properties of the size to carry out efficient and targeted sorting and shunting. The magnetic separator separates the magnetic materials, and then separates the Large size light material is separated out.

In the step (5), the sorting method is the air selection mode, and the working principle is to remove impurities according to the density of the material. Setting the air sorter is convenient to obtain relatively pure small-sized light materials, which can improve the efficiency of the separation process. The quality of light material products meets back-end requirements.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments are to be regarded in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is to be defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, which are therefore intended to fall within the scope of the claims. All changes within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of , are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the involved claim.

In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (11)

1. The automatic crushing and separating treatment device for bulky waste is characterized in that: comprising: Feeding equipment, used to undertake the delivery of materials and carry out the conveying of materials; Primary crushing equipment for preliminary crushing of materials; Secondary crushing equipment, used for fine crushing of materials; Magnetic separator for separating metal materials; Screening equipment for the separation of large-sized light substances; and Air separator for separating small-sized light substances. 2. The automatic crushing and separating treatment device for bulky waste according to claim 1, wherein the feeding equipment, the primary crushing equipment, the secondary crushing equipment, the magnetic separator, the screening equipment and the air separator are arranged in sequence , a first conveyor belt is provided between the primary crushing equipment and the secondary crushing equipment, a second conveyor belt is provided between the secondary crushing equipment and the screening equipment, and the second conveyor belt The magnetic separator is installed on the top, and a third conveyor belt is arranged between the screening equipment and the wind separator. 3 . The automatic crushing and separating treatment device for bulky waste according to claim 1 , wherein the feeding device is a stepping feeder or a chain plate conveyor. 4 . 4. The automatic crushing and separating treatment device for bulky waste according to claim 1, wherein the primary crushing equipment is a shear-type or tear-type pre-shredder, comprising a movable blade, a fixed blade, a transmission mechanism, a casing The moving blade rotates at a high speed with the transmission mechanism, and shears with the fixed blade, and the material is preliminarily broken by shearing or tearing. 5 . The automatic crushing, separating and processing device for bulky waste according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary crushing equipment is a vertical crusher or a wire separator. 6 . 6 . The automatic crushing, separating and processing device for bulky waste according to claim 5 , wherein the vertical crusher comprises a hopper, an impeller blade, a casing, a rotating shaft, a power device, and a control device. 7 . 7. The automatic crushing and separating treatment device for bulky waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: the wire separator comprises a box body, a double-axis knife roller with a file, a file on the fixed box body, a transmission device and a control device. The transmission device includes a reducer, a coupling and a gear. 8. The automatic crushing and separating treatment device for bulky waste according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic separator is a suspended self-unloading magnetic separator, comprising a bracket, a magnetized magnetic pole, a rotating shaft, a scraper, a belt, a power source ,Control terminal. 9. The automatic crushing and separation processing device for bulky waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the screening equipment is a triangular disc screen, comprising triangular blades, a rotating shaft, a fixed frame, a gear box, a motor and a control system. The triangular blades are arranged on the rotating shafts, mounted on the brackets at a horizontal angle along the respective rotating shafts, and are connected to the rotating shafts by the gear box. The rotating surface movement of the triangular blades divides the material and separates the large-sized light material. 10. The automatic crushing and separating treatment device for bulky waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air separator is a Z-type air separator, comprising a frame, a fan, a pipeline, a feed port, a discharge port and a separation The shape of the pipe is zigzag, and the transformation angle is 50-70 degrees. Using the density difference between the materials, the light materials are blown out from the heavy materials through the airflow, and the small-sized light materials are separated. 11. A process method for automatic crushing and separation of bulky waste, characterized in that: comprising the following steps: Step (1): Primary crushing of bulky waste: After the bulky waste enters the factory, it is directly fed into the primary crushing equipment through the feeding equipment. The primary crushing equipment has its own pressing device. During the extrusion shear stress process Dispose of large pieces of garbage with uneven sizes to meet the requirements of fine crushing; Step (2): fine crushing of bulky waste: the materials after primary crushing are sent to secondary crushing equipment, and the secondary crushing equipment crushes materials of different properties in the process of fine crushing, wherein the metal is crushed into spherical shapes Or block and separate from light materials, fabric light materials are evenly dispersed, and wood is broken into blocks and granules; Step (3): sorting of metal: after sorting by magnetic separator, spherical metal products and residual materials with high purity are obtained; Step (4): size screening: screening large-sized light materials through screening equipment; Step (5): air separation and screening: the second separation is carried out by the air separator to remove the dregs in the material, and separate small-sized light substances.

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