CN111616107A - 一种生态循环养殖系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生态循环养殖系统,包括:蝇蛆养殖、家畜类养殖、经济农作物、蚯蚓养殖,蝇蛆养殖过程中要消耗大量的禽、畜粪便,经蛆处理后的禽、畜粪便臭味很快消失,蝇蛆处理后的剩余物(虫渣)、是肥效长、无臭味、土壤改良效果明显、能克服连作障碍、防止土壤酸化的优质有机肥,供给农作物及蚯蚓生长,蚯蚓产生的有机肥也供给农作物,且蝇蛆可诱导产生的抗菌肽成分可取代目前饲喂动物所用的抗生素,提高养殖动物自身的抗病菌能力。以蝇蛆养殖消耗、处理动物粪便等废物为循环基础,以蝇蛆动物活性蛋白作为饲料添加剂为核心的绿色、环保、安全的现代工厂化、规模化生态养殖系统。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生态循环养殖领域,尤其涉及一种生态循环养殖系统。
背景技术
养殖业是利用畜禽等已经被人类驯化的动物,通过人工饲养、繁殖,使其将牧草和饲料等植物能转变为动物能,以取得肉、蛋、奶、羊毛、山羊绒、皮张、蚕丝和药材等畜产品的生产部门。是人类与自然界进行物质交换的极重要环节。养殖业是农业的主要组成部分之一。农业的重要组成部分,与种植业并列为农业生产的两大支柱。
在畜牧养殖过程中产生的大量粪便、饲料残渣及病尸等,造成的严重环境污染问题也早已引起了政府有关部门的高度重视。而另一方面为了获得更高的养殖效益,抵抗疾病,养殖业中抗生素等药物的滥用也造成了诸多的问题。
食品安全问题是目前中国消费者的最大不安,种植、养殖和食品加工的安全是国人的一块心病,食品安全在政治层面上已摆到一个非常高的高度。随着人们对环境、生态等可持续发展认识的深入,人们开始寻求更为安全、有效、无残留的动物促生长剂和保健剂来代替抗生素和化学药品。对于畜牧生产者来说生产无残留、无污染的天然绿色禽畜产品是当务之急,实现禽畜产品“绿色化”的核心问题,即是少用或不用抗生素等药物类饲料添加剂。对此,畜牧养殖业如何提高品质,减少药物残留,降低甚至禁止抗生素等药物作饲料添加剂使用成为生产绿色禽、畜产品的首要环节,也是当前禽、畜养殖业生存和发展的基础,环保、绿色、安全食品的生产和供给已成为时代消费的潮流。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的上述不足,本发明提供了一种生态循环养殖系统,以蝇蛆养殖消耗、处理动物粪便等废物为循环基础,以蝇蛆动物活性蛋白作为饲料添加剂为核心的绿色、环保、安全的现代工厂化、规模化生态养殖系统。
为了达到上述发明目的,本发明采用的具体方案为:
一种生态循环养殖系统,包括:蝇蛆养殖、家畜类养殖、经济农作物、蚯蚓养殖,蝇蛆养殖过程中要消耗大量的禽、畜粪便,经蛆处理后的禽、畜粪便臭味很快消失,蝇蛆处理后的剩余物(虫渣)、是肥效长、无臭味、土壤改良效果明显、能克服连作障碍、防止土壤酸化的优质有机肥,供给农作物及蚯蚓生长,蚯蚓产生的有机肥也供给农作物,而蝇蛆固有的动物活性高蛋白、维生素和多种微量元素以及蝇蛆体内可诱导产生抗菌物质,这些物质包含抗菌肽、抗菌蛋白、壳聚糖、昆虫凝集素作为动物蛋白添加剂,不仅可替代日益昂贵的鱼粉和骨粉,提高产蛋率和猪生长速度,降低养殖成本,且蝇蛆可诱导产生的抗菌肽成分可取代目前饲喂动物所用的抗生素,提高养殖动物自身的抗病菌能力。
进一步,养殖蝇蛆原料来源广泛,麦麸、酒糟、豆渣农副产品下脚料,猪粪、鸡粪、鸭粪畜禽粪便均宜于养殖,畜禽养殖场配上一个蝇蛆养殖场,就等于又建了一个昆虫蛋白质饲料生产场;原料是畜禽排出的粪便,产品是优质蝇蛆蛋白,利用禽畜粪养殖蝇蛆。
本发明的有益效果为:
而蝇蛆固有的动物活性高蛋白、维生素和多种微量元素以及蝇蛆体内可诱导产生抗菌物质,这些物质包含抗菌肽、抗菌蛋白、壳聚糖、昆虫凝集素等作为动物蛋白添加剂,不仅可替代日益昂贵的鱼粉和骨粉,提高产蛋率和猪生长速度、降低养殖成本,且蝇蛆可诱导产生的抗菌肽成分可取代目前饲喂动物所用的抗生素,提高养殖动物自身的抗病菌能力,使用蝇蛆作为饲料添加剂可真正实现禽畜产品“绿色化”生产满足消费者食品安全食用的时尚需求。同时,蝇蛆养殖过程中要消耗大量的禽、畜粪便,经蛆处理后的禽、畜粪便臭味很快消失,解决了禽畜养殖中粪便污染问题,净化了环境,蝇蛆处理后的剩余物虫渣,还是一种肥效长、无臭味、土壤改良效果明显,能克服连作障碍,防止土壤酸化的优质有机肥。因此利用蝇蛆作为饲料添加剂规模化发展养殖业不仅是生物技术应用的推广,而且符合当前国家大力推动的生态、环保、安全的“绿色食品”生产要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例进一步描述本发明,但本发明不仅仅限于以下实施例。在本发明的范围内或者在不脱离本发明的内容、精神和范围内,对本发明进行的变更、组合或替换,对于本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的,且包含在本发明的范围之内。
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚地理解,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
一种生态循环养殖系统,包括:蝇蛆养殖、家畜类养殖、经济农作物、蚯蚓养殖,蝇蛆养殖过程中要消耗大量的禽、畜粪便,经蛆处理后的禽、畜粪便臭味很快消失,蝇蛆处理后的剩余物(虫渣)、是肥效长、无臭味、土壤改良效果明显、能克服连作障碍、防止土壤酸化的优质有机肥,供给农作物及蚯蚓生长,蚯蚓产生的有机肥也供给农作物,而蝇蛆固有的动物活性高蛋白、维生素和多种微量元素以及蝇蛆体内可诱导产生抗菌物质,这些物质包含抗菌肽、抗菌蛋白、壳聚糖、昆虫凝集素作为动物蛋白添加剂,不仅可替代日益昂贵的鱼粉和骨粉,提高产蛋率和猪生长速度,降低养殖成本,且蝇蛆可诱导产生的抗菌肽成分可取代目前饲喂动物所用的抗生素,提高养殖动物自身的抗病菌能力。
养殖蝇蛆原料来源广泛,麦麸、酒糟、豆渣农副产品下脚料,猪粪、鸡粪、鸭粪畜禽粪便均宜于养殖,畜禽养殖场配上一个蝇蛆养殖场,就等于又建了一个昆虫蛋白质饲料生产场;原料是畜禽排出的粪便,产品是优质蝇蛆蛋白,利用禽畜粪养殖蝇蛆。
1、蝇蛆养殖项目投资,根据家禽、家畜养殖规模需求,要保证养殖蝇蛆日产4000公斤的规模,建设蝇蛆房约4000平方米,参考简阳大众养殖场计算,按每平米250元计算,需投资100万元。
2、家禽养殖项目投资,需建设孵化室、幼雏舍、成品蛋鸡舍。按每平米饲养成品蛋鸡13只鸡的密度计算,10万只蛋鸡需建鸡舍约7700平方米。采用无机玻璃钢保温板建造鸡舍每平米建造成本约350元投资8000平米鸡舍约需投资280万元,自动上料、中高档蛋鸡饲养设备投资约300万元,共计投资约580万元。
3、家畜养殖项目投资,按生产流程实行工厂化养猪,以配种、妊娠、分娩、哺乳、育成和育肥一条龙的连续流水式生产线,各生产阶段均有节奏而不断进行生产,需建设配种舍、妊娠舍、乳猪舍、保育、育肥舍,按平均2平米/头密度计算,建筑面积约5000平方米。猪舍采用无机玻璃钢保温板建造,投资约需175万元,自动化程度较高的生猪饲养设备投资约180万元,共计投资约355万元。
4、仓库和仓储设施。采用砖混结构,饲料储备仓库建筑面积600平方米,蛋禽产品仓库200平方米,建造单价450元,投资约36万元。
5、粪污处理系统,沼气系统,估计50万元。
5、办公、生活设施。采用砖混结构,建筑面积1500平方米,每平米造价600元,投资约90万元。
6、生产辅助设备。水、电设施配套、饲料生产和配置等投资估算150万元。
7、土地租赁费。按目前农业用地流转市场租赁价格水平,预计年租金1000元/亩,若一次性缴纳的话,30年租赁费总额为3000万。
上述固定资产投资估算约4360万元,尚不包括场地平整、道路建设、环境绿化、围墙、运输设备等投资和与项目建设相关的其他费用。
1、种苗购置费235万元其中
仔鸡100000只,3.5元/只,计35万元;
仔猪5000头,仔猪重约20斤,20元/斤,计200万元;
2、饲料根据鸡、猪生长周期不同,首期投入流动资金需882万元,其中仔鸡到产蛋期养殖时间约5个月,按六个月时间喂养计算,需消耗饲料2100吨,3200元/吨,计672万元;
猪养殖周期为6个月,每期出栏数为2500头,按6个月作饲料消耗。需猪饲料675吨,3100元/吨,计210万元。
3、水电费开支7.8万元;其中,每只鸡耗用水电费0.5元,十万只六个月时间耗费水电费约1.8万元,每头猪耗用水电费20元,2500头,六个月耗费水电费约5万元。
4、工资费用
养殖场按60人配员,人均工资2200元/月,由于养殖场前六个月基本没有收益,故需工资费用约79.2万元。
项目首期启动,以上四项需占用或投入流动资金约1204万元。
综合上述固定资产和流动资金需求,占地规模1000亩,饲养蛋鸡10万只,牲猪5000头,项目总投资约为5600万元。
项目效益分析
按养殖蛋鸡10万只、牲猪5000头测算。
一、养殖生产成本
1、蝇蛆养殖成本
注1、本表种蝇为工程家蝇,公母各半,产卵周期为7-12天,每对仓蝇日均产卵达25个。
2、家蝇从卵孵化到成熟蝇蛆,平均每只成熟蛆的重量为40毫克。
3、本表成本不含人工工资和电、水、取暖、消毒等其他原料耗费。
4、该表设定的是养殖理想状况,即蚕卵率和孵化率均为100%。
日产4000公斤蝇蛆养殖主要耗用成本测算表
该表单个蝇蛆重量40毫克系理论值,若单个蝇蛆重量达不到,苍蝇投入数须相应增加,将会导致饲养成本增加。
全年按360天生产计算,养殖蝇蛆1440吨,成本投入估算约390万元。
2、蛋鸡养殖成本,按生长周期17个月计算;
1、饲料成本
单位:kg、万只、
通过加入蝇蛆动物蛋白,蛋鸡养殖外购饲料实际耗用总量为4280吨,按四川地区现行鸡饲料价格3200元/吨计算,蛋鸡一个生长周期饲料成本为1369.6万元。
折算成12个月平均计算,年均消耗饲料成本约967万元。
3、牲猪养殖成本
仔猪购入重量为10公斤,按六个月生长期,重量为100公斤出栏,肉料消耗比按3:1计算。
单位:kg、头
数量 | 仔猪重 | 出栏得 | 净增 | 应耗料 | 蝇蛆代替 | 实际耗料 |
一头 | 10kg | 100kg | 90kg | 270kg | 72kg | 198kg |
50000头 | 50000 | 500000 | 450000 | 1350吨 | 360吨 | 990吨 |
通过加入蝇蛆动物蛋白,牲猪养殖外购饲料实际耗用总量为990吨,按四川地区现行猪饲料价格3100元/吨计算,出栏5000头猪饲料成本为307万元。
4、水电费
每只鸡耗用水电费0.5元,十万只12个月时间耗费水电费约3.6万元,每头猪耗用水电费20元,5000头六个月耗费水电费约10万元。共计约14万元。
5、摊销固定费
固定资产投资共4360万元,含租赁费,按30年摊销,每年摊销折旧费和租赁费共计145万元。
6、工资费用
养殖场按60人配员,人均工资2200元/月,全年工资费用约158万元。
7、种苗购置费
仔鸡100000只,3.5元/只,计35万元;
仔猪5000头,仔猪重约20斤,20元/斤,计200万元;
以上七项构成年养殖生产成本共计2216万元。
二、养殖销售收入
1、蛋鸡销售
10万只蛋鸡按平均产蛋率85%计算,一周期,17个月,产蛋约3060万个。若单位售价为2.5元/个,则收入7650万元。
10只蛋鸡淘汰,按按每只鸡平均重量4斤、售价5元/斤计算,收入约200万元。
折算成12个月,蛋鸡全年销售收入,鸡蛋和鸡,约5540万元。
2、牲猪销售
按全年出栏总数5000头,毛重总量约500000kg,按现行四川收购价16元/kg计算,可得收入800万元。上述蛋鸡和牲猪全年可得销售收入约6340万元。
三、养殖毛利:销售收入6340万元-养殖成本2216万元=4124万元。
以上所述仅为本发明专利的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明专利,凡在本发明专利的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明专利的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种生态循环养殖系统,其特征在于,包括:蝇蛆养殖、家畜类养殖、经济农作物、蚯蚓养殖,蝇蛆养殖过程中要消耗大量的禽、畜粪便,经蛆处理后的禽、畜粪便臭味很快消失,蝇蛆处理后的剩余物(虫渣)、是肥效长、无臭味、土壤改良效果明显、能克服连作障碍、防止土壤酸化的优质有机肥,供给农作物及蚯蚓生长,蚯蚓产生的有机肥也供给农作物,而蝇蛆固有的动物活性高蛋白、维生素和多种微量元素以及蝇蛆体内可诱导产生抗菌物质,这些物质包含抗菌肽、抗菌蛋白、壳聚糖、昆虫凝集素作为动物蛋白添加剂,不仅可替代日益昂贵的鱼粉和骨粉,提高产蛋率和猪生长速度,降低养殖成本,且蝇蛆可诱导产生的抗菌肽成分可取代目前饲喂动物所用的抗生素,提高养殖动物自身的抗病菌能力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种生态循环养殖系统,其特征在于,养殖蝇蛆原料来源广泛,麦麸、酒糟、豆渣农副产品下脚料,猪粪、鸡粪、鸭粪畜禽粪便均宜于养殖,畜禽养殖场配上一个蝇蛆养殖场,就等于又建了一个昆虫蛋白质饲料生产场;原料是畜禽排出的粪便,产品是优质蝇蛆蛋白,利用禽畜粪养殖蝇蛆。
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CN113287572A (zh) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-08-24 | 徐州生物工程职业技术学院 | 一种智能化的农业生态养殖系统 |
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