CN111608660A - Mining method suitable for gold ore body with inclination angle of 50-55 degrees - Google Patents
Mining method suitable for gold ore body with inclination angle of 50-55 degrees Download PDFInfo
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- CN111608660A CN111608660A CN202010492688.5A CN202010492688A CN111608660A CN 111608660 A CN111608660 A CN 111608660A CN 202010492688 A CN202010492688 A CN 202010492688A CN 111608660 A CN111608660 A CN 111608660A
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- stope
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0006—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by the bolt material
Abstract
The invention provides a mining method suitable for a gold ore body with an inclination angle of 50-55 degrees, belonging to the technical field of mining. The mining method suitable for the gold ore body inclination angle of 50 degrees to 55 degrees comprises five steps of stope selection, stope sequence, mining preparation cutting, rock drilling blasting and stope ore removal, the mining operation of the ore body inclination angle of 50 degrees to 55 degrees is realized, ore blocks meeting the specification in the ore body are selected as the stope according to requirements, the stability of the stope after the stope is established is guaranteed, stope is carried out in the sequence from top to bottom, roof protection or point column support of the stope is carried out during stope, the stability of the stope is enhanced, the ore body is more stable, rock expanded explosive is used as a blasting main material, and row skip sections in the same row and the same section are adopted to realize micro-difference control blasting, the precision of blasting is improved, the phenomenon of collapse in the blasting process is reduced, and the mining method is suitable for the mining operation of the ore body inclination angle of 50 degrees to 55 degrees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mining, in particular to a mining method suitable for a gold ore body with an inclination angle of 50-55 degrees.
Background
Gold ore refers to gold ore or gold deposit (mountain). Gold ore is a mineral aggregate with sufficient gold content and is industrially usable. Gold mines are sites where gold is obtained by mining operations, are industrially utilizable gold ore heaps formed by mineralization on a certain scale, and have complex and diverse gold deposit types. Mainly comprises conglomerate type, green rock zone type, quartz vein type, toughness shear zone type, karn type, porphyry type, shallow low-temperature hydrothermal type, volcanic rock type, newly-generated placer ore and the like. After the gold mine is mined, the gold mine is further processed and purified to be made into gold, and the gold has extremely high commercial value, so that the gold mine has certain development space for mining.
When gold ore is mined, the commonly adopted methods include a sublevel rock drilling stage open stope method and a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method, and the characteristics are as follows:
the method for the open field at the subsection rock drilling stage is characterized in that: the mining method is suitable for the middle-thickness ore body with the inclination and the steep inclination above the medium stability of the ore and the surrounding rock; dividing the stage ore body into sections, performing rock drilling in a rock drilling roadway, and performing centralized ore removal through a stage bottom structure; maintaining a goaf by utilizing natural support of ore pillars and stability of surrounding rocks, wherein the goaf is allowed to have a larger exposed area within a certain time; a mining method for carrying out two-step stoping on a chamber and a pillar;
the sublevel caving method without the sill pillar is characterized in that: dividing the stage ore body into sections, and continuously carrying out single-step stoping from top to bottom; the stoping roadway is arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin', the work of subsection rock drilling, ore caving, ore removal and the like is carried out in the stoping roadway, and the ore is removed under a caving rock covering layer; the mining method is used for realizing ground pressure control and ground pressure management.
The ore body with the inclination angle of 50-55 degrees has a big-end-up image in the depth, the mining process is summarized, the mining is carried out towards the deeper part, the trend of the ore body is prolonged to be shorter, the thickness is smaller, and the grade is lower. The existing mining method is only suitable for the mining block section of a common gold mine area, the ore body with the inclination angle of 50-55 degrees is controlled to be 130m along the trend, the mining block section is only 45m, the grade change in the depth direction is large, and accidents such as collapse and the like are easy to occur if the conventional mining method is adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects, the invention provides a mining method suitable for the gold ore with the inclination angle of 50-55 degrees, aiming at solving the problem that the traditional mining method is not suitable for mining in the mining area with the inclination angle of 50-55 degrees.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a mining method suitable for a gold ore body with an inclination angle of 50-55 degrees, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the stope selection, the block as the stope matrix should have the following components: the ore blocks are arranged along the trend of the ore body, the length of the ore blocks along the trend is about 40m, the height of the ore blocks is 30m of the middle section height, 4m of the bottom pillar height and 3m of the intermediate pillar width, no top pillar is left, and the ore room is arranged along the inclined length of the ore body in a segmented manner;
step two: stoping sequence, namely stoping each section in the stope from top to bottom, and simultaneously performing roof protection by using an anchor rod or supporting a stope by using a reserved point column along with the stope;
step three: mining and cutting, namely firstly tunneling a pedestrian ventilation raise and a chute in a drift tunnel, tunneling the pedestrian ventilation raise and the chute along the lower wall of an ore body after the pedestrian ventilation raise and the chute are communicated, taking the pedestrian ventilation raise and the chute as a passage for personnel equipment to enter a stope and as a stope ventilation passage, and finally constructing a sectional chute, a cutting drift and a cutting raise;
step four: rock drilling and blasting, wherein a rock drill is adopted for rock drilling, ore falling is carried out in a shallow hole, blast holes are formed in the surface of a rock body, rock expansion explosive and non-electric millisecond detonating tubes are adopted for blasting, and differential control blasting is realized by adopting inter-row jumping sections of the same row and the same section;
step five: ore removal in a stope: after ore is dropped from a stope each time, the ore is carried by a scraper, and the ore is loaded into a hopper at the bottom of a chute.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the first step, the laser range finder is used to measure the ore block during the range finding selection of the stope, and the measurement error of the laser range finder is ensured to be ± 0.15m during the model selection.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the second step, during stope.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the anchor rod in the second step is a high-strength aluminum alloy rod or a high-strength steel alloy rod.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the third step, fresh air flow enters the stope from the middle section drift, the ventilating pedestrian courtyard and the ventilating upward hill of the pedestrian, and after the working face is cleaned, dirty air is discharged to the upper middle section return air roadway.
In one embodiment of the invention, the stope ventilation is mainly negative pressure ventilation formed by a mine ventilation system, and if the stope ventilation is poor, a local fan is added in the stope to enhance the ventilation effect in the stope.
In one embodiment of the invention the rock drilling machine used in said fourth step should be a YT-28 air-leg rock drilling machine.
In one embodiment of the invention, when the blast holes in the four steps are arranged: the row spacing is 0.6-1.0 m, the eye spacing is 0.8-1.0 m, and the eye depth is 1.8-2.2 m.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the fifth step, the power of the scraper is 15 or 30kW, and a running rail is pre-installed at the bottom of the orepass, and one end of the running rail extends out of the stope.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the mining method suitable for the gold ore body with the inclination angle of 50-55 degrees is obtained through the design, strict requirements are provided for the size and the trend of ore blocks, the ore blocks meeting the specifications of the ore body are selected as a stope according to the requirements, the stability of the stope after the stope is established is ensured, the stope is mined from top to bottom in sequence, in addition, the roof protection of an anchor rod or a point-remaining column is carried out to support the stope while the stope is mined, the stability of the stope is enhanced, the ore body is more stable, rock expanded explosive is used as a blasting main material, and the row skip section of the same row and the same section is adopted to realize the micro-difference control blasting, the blasting precision is improved, the collapse phenomenon in the blasting process is reduced, and the mining method is suitable for mining the ore body with the inclination angle of 50-55 degrees.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like are used in a positional or positional relationship that is indicative of, but not limiting of, the present invention, merely for the convenience and simplicity of description, and that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus not be construed as limiting of the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Examples
The invention provides a mining method suitable for a gold ore body with an inclination angle of 50-55 degrees, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the stope selection, the block as the stope matrix should have the following components: the ore blocks are arranged along the trend of the ore body, the ore blocks are about 40m long along the trend, the height of the ore blocks is 30m of the height of the middle section, the height of the bottom pillar is 4m, the width of the middle pillar is 3m, no top pillar is left, and the ore room is arranged along the inclined long section of the ore body.
Step two: stoping sequence, namely stoping each section in the stope from top to bottom, and simultaneously performing roof protection by using an anchor rod or supporting a stope by using a reserved point column along with the stope;
understandably, during stoping, if the ventilation of a stope is not good, the local fan is adopted for forced ventilation immediately; during stoping, the stoping boundary is controlled, and the phenomenon of over-mining and under-mining cannot occur.
Step three: mining and cutting, namely firstly tunneling a pedestrian ventilation raise and a chute in a drift tunnel, tunneling the pedestrian ventilation raise and the chute along the lower wall of an ore body after the pedestrian ventilation raise and the chute are communicated, taking the pedestrian ventilation raise and the chute as a passage for personnel equipment to enter a stope and as a stope ventilation passage, and finally constructing a sectional chute, a cutting drift and a cutting raise;
it can be understood that the lighting equipment should be erected in time when the pedestrian ventilation patio and the chute shaft are driven, and good lighting needs to be ensured on the operation site so as to observe the change of the operation condition of the stope.
Step four: rock drilling and blasting, wherein a rock drill is adopted for rock drilling, ore falling is carried out in a shallow hole, blast holes are formed in the surface of a rock body, rock expansion explosive and non-electric millisecond detonating tubes are adopted for blasting, and differential control blasting is realized by adopting inter-row jumping sections of the same row and the same section;
furthermore, the rock expanded explosive can be an ammonium nitrate explosive, abandons the TNT component in the original ammonium nitrate-TNT explosive, improves the safety in production and use, eliminates the harm of TNT to human bodies and environmental pollution, and is a pollution-free and non-toxic environment-friendly product.
Step five: ore removal in a stope: after ore is dropped from a stope each time, the ore is carried by a scraper, and the ore is loaded into a hopper at the bottom of a chute.
Preferably, in the first step, when the stope ranging is selected, the laser range finder is adopted to measure the ore block, when the laser range finder is in the type selection, the measurement error of the laser range finder is ensured to be +/-0.15 m, the laser range finder is an instrument for measuring the distance of the target by using a certain parameter of modulated laser, the measurement range of the laser range finder is 3.5-5000 m, the measurement range is wide, the measurement range is enough to support the laser range finder to be used for measurement in the mine area, and the laser range finder is convenient to operate, high in measurement accuracy and beneficial to stope ranging.
Preferably, in the second step, during stope stoping, the roof of the hollow stope in each section needs to be supported by a cement roll anchor rod following the working face, so that the roof of the stope is maintained stable, the mine wall is temporarily reserved in the stope, and partial recovery is performed under the condition of ensuring safety after stoping of a mine room is finished.
Preferably, the anchor rod in the second step is a high-strength aluminum alloy rod or a high-strength steel alloy rod, the anchor rod is used for supporting the mining empty field, the stability of the mining empty field is improved, the possibility of accidents such as collapse of the mining empty field is reduced, when the anchor rod is installed, the anchor rod is synchronously operated along with the mining in the mining empty field, and the anchor rod is guaranteed to be capable of timely supporting the mining empty field.
Preferably, in the third step, fresh air flow enters a stope from a middle section gallery, a ventilation pedestrian courtyard and a pedestrian ventilation ascending mountain, and after a working face is cleaned, dirty air is discharged to an upper middle section return air roadway.
Preferably, stope ventilation is mainly negative pressure ventilation formed by a mine ventilation system, and if the stope ventilation is poor, a local fan is added in the stope to enhance the ventilation effect in the stope.
Preferably, the rock drilling machine used in the fourth step is an YT-28 airleg rock drilling machine, and an YT-28 airleg rock drilling machine airport 661mm in size is small, so that the rock drilling machine is favorably used in a stope, the impact frequency is not less than 37 Hz, the impact frequency is high, and the rock drilling effect is good.
Preferably, when the blast holes in the fourth step are arranged: the row spacing is 0.6-1.0 m, the eye spacing is 0.8-1.0 m, the eye depth is 1.8-2.2 m, and the blast hole can also be called as a blast hole.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the power of the scraper is 15 or 30kW, a travelling crane rail is arranged at the bottom of the orepass in advance, one end of the rail extends out of the stope, and the rail is additionally arranged to facilitate guiding the movement of the vehicle body.
The mining method is particularly suitable for mining the gold ore body with the inclination angle of 50-55 degrees, strict requirements are provided for the size and the trend of ore blocks, the ore blocks meeting the specifications of the ore body are selected as a stope according to the requirements, the stope is guaranteed to be stable after being established, stoping is carried out in the sequence from top to bottom, in addition, the roof protection or the point-remaining column support of the stope is carried out while stoping, the stability of the stope is enhanced, the ore body is more stable, rock expanded explosive is used as a blasting main material, and the row skip section of the same row and the same section is adopted to realize the differential control blasting, the blasting precision is improved, the collapse phenomenon in the blasting process is reduced, and the mining method is suitable for mining the ore body with the inclination angle of 50-55 degrees.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A mining method suitable for a gold ore body with an inclination angle of 50-55 degrees is characterized by comprising the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: the stope selection, the block as the stope matrix should have the following components: the ore blocks are arranged along the trend of the ore body, the length of the ore blocks along the trend is about 40m, the height of the ore blocks is 30m of the middle section height, 4m of the bottom pillar height and 3m of the intermediate pillar width, no top pillar is left, and the ore room is arranged along the inclined length of the ore body in a segmented manner;
step two: stoping sequence, namely stoping each section in the stope from top to bottom, and simultaneously performing roof protection by using an anchor rod or supporting a stope by using a reserved point column along with the stope;
step three: mining and cutting, namely firstly tunneling a pedestrian ventilation raise and a chute in a drift tunnel, tunneling the pedestrian ventilation raise and the chute along the lower wall of an ore body after the pedestrian ventilation raise and the chute are communicated, taking the pedestrian ventilation raise and the chute as a passage for personnel equipment to enter a stope and as a stope ventilation passage, and finally constructing a sectional chute, a cutting drift and a cutting raise;
step four: rock drilling and blasting, wherein a rock drill is adopted for rock drilling, ore falling is carried out in a shallow hole, blast holes are formed in the surface of a rock body, rock expansion explosive and non-electric millisecond detonating tubes are adopted for blasting, and differential control blasting is realized by adopting inter-row jumping sections of the same row and the same section;
step five: ore removal in a stope: after ore is dropped from a stope each time, the ore is carried by a scraper, and the ore is loaded into a hopper at the bottom of a chute.
2. A mining method suitable for gold ore body inclination angles of 50-55 ° as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step one, the ore block should be measured by using a laser range finder in stope range selection, and the measurement error of the laser range finder should be ensured to be ± 0.15m in profile selection.
3. A mining method suitable for the gold ore body with the inclination angle of 50-55 degrees as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, during stope stop.
4. A mining method suitable for gold ore body inclination angles of 50-55 ° according to claim 1, wherein the anchor rod in the second step is a high-strength aluminum alloy rod or a high-strength steel alloy rod.
5. A mining method suitable for gold ore bodies with an inclination angle of 50-55 degrees as claimed in claim 1, wherein fresh air flows enter a stope from a middle section gallery, a ventilating pedestrian shaft and a ventilating upward mountain for pedestrians in the third step, and after a working face is cleaned, dirty air is discharged to an upper middle section return air roadway.
6. A mining method suitable for gold ore bodies with an inclination angle of 50-55 degrees as claimed in claim 4, wherein stope ventilation is mainly negative pressure ventilation formed by a mine ventilation system, and if the stope ventilation is poor, a local fan is added in the stope to enhance ventilation effect in the stope.
7. A mining method adapted for gold ore body inclination angles of 50 ° -55 ° in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the rock drill used in the fourth step is YT-28 air-leg rock drill.
8. A mining method suitable for gold ore body inclination angles of 50 ° -55 ° according to claim 1, characterized in that when the blast holes in the four steps are arranged: the row spacing is 0.6-1.0 m, the eye spacing is 0.8-1.0 m, and the eye depth is 1.8-2.2 m.
9. A mining method suitable for gold ore with an inclination angle of 50-55 ° as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step five, the power of the scraper is 15 or 30kW, and the bottom of the ore pass is pre-installed with a running rail, one end of which extends to the outside of the stope.
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| CN202010492688.5A CN111608660A (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2020-06-03 | Mining method suitable for gold ore body with inclination angle of 50-55 degrees |
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| CN202010492688.5A CN111608660A (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2020-06-03 | Mining method suitable for gold ore body with inclination angle of 50-55 degrees |
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