CN111595252A - Axle size dynamic detection system based on laser measurement technology - Google Patents
Axle size dynamic detection system based on laser measurement technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111595252A CN111595252A CN202010438300.3A CN202010438300A CN111595252A CN 111595252 A CN111595252 A CN 111595252A CN 202010438300 A CN202010438300 A CN 202010438300A CN 111595252 A CN111595252 A CN 111595252A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B11/10—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters of objects while moving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
A dynamic detection system for axle size based on laser measurement technology relates to a dynamic detection technology for axle size of a railway, and aims to solve the problem that detection errors are easily caused by the existing axle size detection method. When a truck passes through the wheel sensor, the control industrial personal computer receives the arrival information of the truck and gives out a control signal to electrify and work the laser ranging sensor, and meanwhile, the data acquisition industrial personal computer acquires the data of the truck; the laser ranging sensor measures the vertical distance between the vehicle axle and the distance sensor in real time, transmits information to the laser signal processing unit, calculates the diameter size of the vehicle axle according to an internal algorithm of the processing unit, and finally corresponds to and stores vehicle data acquired by the data acquisition industrial personal computer. The method has the advantages that no manual calibration and measurement link is provided, and the calculation result is more reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dynamic detection technology for the dimension of a railway axle.
Background
Along with the development of railway transportation towards high speed, large density and heavy load, the abrasion of the axle is increasingly serious, so that the size of the axle is changed, the matching relation between wheels and steel rails is changed, the damage of the wheels of the truck to structural parts is aggravated, the higher railway transportation cost is caused, and the railway transportation safety is directly influenced; in order to ensure the running safety of the truck, the railway department stipulates that the running truck needs to regularly detect the state of the axle so as to determine the overhaul or the scrappage of the axle.
The conventional truck axle size detection system detects the size of an axle through an image recognition technology, equipment needs to be calibrated before working, and detection errors are easily caused because all size data are manually detected in the calibration process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing axle size detection method is easy to cause detection errors, and provides an axle size dynamic detection system based on a laser measurement technology.
The axle size dynamic detection system based on the laser measurement technology is used for detecting the diameter of the axle of a truck; the detection system comprises a laser range finder, a laser signal processing unit, industrial personal computer equipment and a wheel sensor;
the laser range finder is vertically arranged between two adjacent sleepers below the rail;
the wheel sensors are arranged on the side walls of the rails to acquire passing information of the truck and send magnetic steel signals, and meanwhile, the truck is ensured to pass through the laser range finder after preferentially passing through the wheel sensors;
the industrial personal computer equipment comprises a control industrial personal computer and a data acquisition industrial personal computer;
the control industrial personal computer is used for receiving the magnetic steel signals sent by the wheel sensors and sending control signals after receiving the magnetic steel signals;
the laser range finder is used for receiving a control signal sent by the control industrial personal computer and starts to work after receiving the control signal, so that when the axle to be detected of the truck passes through the laser range finder, the vertical distance between the laser range finder and the axle to be detected is obtained in real time, and meanwhile, the vertical distance information is sent out in a laser signal mode;
the laser signal processing unit is used for receiving a laser signal sent by the laser range finder, obtaining the diameter information of the axle to be detected through the laser signal and sending the diameter information;
the data acquisition industrial personal computer is used for receiving a control signal sent by the control industrial personal computer, acquiring the vehicle information of the truck after the control industrial personal computer receives the control signal, and simultaneously, corresponding and storing the vehicle information and the diameter information sent by the laser signal processing unit.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the truck preferentially passes through the wheel sensor, the wheel sensor sends a magnetic steel signal to be transmitted to the control industrial personal computer, and the control industrial personal computer sends control signals to the laser range finder and the data acquisition industrial personal computer respectively after receiving the magnetic steel signal; the laser range finder starts to work after receiving the control signal, after an axle to be detected on the truck passes through the laser range finder, the laser range finder acquires a plurality of groups of vertical distance information between the axle to be detected and the axle to be detected, the vertical distance information is transmitted to the laser signal processing unit in a laser signal mode, and the laser signal processing unit calculates the diameter size of the axle to be detected through an internal algorithm; the data acquisition industrial personal computer starts to acquire the vehicle information of the truck after receiving the control signal, wherein the vehicle information comprises the speed, the type and the passing time; and the collected truck information corresponds to the diameter size output by the laser signal processing unit and is stored.
The invention has the advantages that the invention has no link of manual calibration and measurement, the calculation result is more reliable, and simultaneously, when the diameter size is stored, the data of the diameter size corresponds to the vehicle information, and the condition that only the diameter size data does not know which truck the diameter size data belongs to does not occur.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an axle dimension dynamic detection system based on a laser measurement technology according to a first embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a control principle of a dynamic axle dimension detection system based on a laser measurement technique according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser range finder according to a second embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an internal algorithm of a laser signal processing unit in the fourth embodiment.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 and 2, and the axle dimension dynamic detection system based on the laser measurement technology is used for detecting the diameter of the truck axle 1; the detection system comprises a laser range finder 2, a laser signal processing unit 3, industrial personal computer equipment 4 and a wheel sensor 5;
the laser range finder 2 is vertically arranged between two adjacent sleepers below the rail;
the wheel sensor 5 is arranged on the side wall of the rail to acquire the passing information of the truck and send out a magnetic steel signal, and meanwhile, the truck is ensured to pass through the laser range finder 2 after preferentially passing through the wheel sensor;
the industrial personal computer equipment 4 comprises a control industrial personal computer 4-1 and a data acquisition industrial personal computer 4-2;
the control industrial personal computer 4-1 is used for receiving the magnetic steel signals sent by the wheel sensor 5 and sending control signals after receiving the magnetic steel signals;
the laser range finder 2 is used for receiving a control signal sent by the control industrial personal computer 4-1 and starting to work after receiving the control signal, so that when the axle 1 to be detected of the truck passes through the laser range finder 2, the vertical distance between the laser range finder and the axle 1 to be detected is obtained in real time, and meanwhile, the vertical distance information is sent out in the form of a laser signal;
the laser signal processing unit 3 is used for receiving the laser signal sent by the laser range finder 2, obtaining the diameter information of the axle 1 to be detected through the laser signal and sending the diameter information;
the data acquisition industrial personal computer 4-2 is used for receiving a control signal sent by the control industrial personal computer 4-1, acquiring the vehicle information of the truck after the control signal is received, wherein the vehicle information comprises the vehicle speed, the vehicle type and the passing time, and simultaneously, corresponding and storing the vehicle information and the diameter information sent by the laser signal processing unit 3.
The second embodiment is as follows: in the present embodiment, the axle dimension dynamic detection system based on the laser measurement technology is further defined, in the present embodiment, the laser range finder 2 includes a laser generator 2-1, a linear collimator objective 2-2, a cylindrical objective 2-3, a combined objective 2-4, and an RS-COMS 2-5;
the laser generator 2-1 is used for emitting laser, the laser emitted by the laser generator sequentially passes through the linear collimating objective lens 2-2 and the cylindrical objective lens 2-3 and then irradiates the axle 1 to be detected, the laser is reflected on the axle 1 to be detected, the reflected light of the laser is received by the RS-COMS2-5 after passing through the combined objective lens 2-4, and the RS-COMS2-5 obtains the distance from the axle 1 to the laser generator 2-1 according to the position of the reflected light.
In the present embodiment, the measurement principle of the laser distance meter 2 is as shown in fig. 3, and the position of the reflected light from the RS-COMS2-5 is detected by a triangulation method, and the distance between the axle 1 to be detected and the laser generator 2-1 can be measured by detecting the change; RS-COMS2-5 is twice the pixel width of COMS, has realized the extremely high precision; the combined objective lens 2-4 has the function of minimizing the influence of distortion and exerting the performance of RS-COMS2-5 to the maximum extent; the linear collimating objective lens 2-2 is used for focusing a light spot and eliminating irregular light beams; the cylindrical objective 2-3 is used to form a very regular elliptical light spot, which is crucial for accurate measurement of rough objects, and moreover, the width of the light spot remains constant throughout the measurement range.
The third concrete implementation mode: in this embodiment, the axle size dynamic detection system based on the laser measurement technology is further defined in the first embodiment, and in this embodiment, the detection system further includes a network unit 6;
the network unit 6 is used for sending the diameter information stored in the data acquisition industrial personal computer 4-2 and the vehicle information corresponding to the diameter to a railway bureau through a network.
In the embodiment, the network unit 6 is additionally arranged, and the speed, the model and the passing moment of the vehicle included in the vehicle information are connected to a railway computer network or a data network nearby in a special line mode through optical cables, so that railway personnel can check the diameter information of the passing vehicle through the platform at any time.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: in the present embodiment, the axle size dynamic detection system based on the laser measurement technology is further limited to the first embodiment, in the present embodiment, the laser signal processing unit 3 obtains the diameter information of the axle 1 to be detected through the following algorithm;
the method comprises the steps of firstly, establishing a rectangular coordinate system, forming a detection axle section diagram by taking time as a horizontal coordinate and distance as a vertical coordinate and taking the vertical distance between the laser range finder 2 and an axle 1 to be detected, which is acquired in real time, and placing the detection axle section diagram in a first quadrant;
and step two, selecting the lowest point A of the cross section of the detection axle, and reading the coordinates as follows: t2, s 2;
and step three of an algorithm, selecting a point on the cross section of the detected axle, wherein the point is different from the lowest point of the cross section of the detected axle, and reading the coordinates of the point as follows: t1, s 1;
connecting the lowest point and an arbitrarily-selected point and making a vertical bisector of the lowest point and the arbitrarily-selected point, wherein the intersection point of a connecting line of the lowest point and the arbitrarily-selected point and the vertical bisector is B;
step five of algorithm, the diameter of the axle to be detected is obtained through a formula 1, a formula 2, a formula 3 and a formula 4;
AB 1/2 (t2-t1) cos α equation 3
AQ 2PA 2AB sin β (t2-t1) cos α sin β formula 4
Wherein the angle β is: taking the circle center P as a vertex, taking a connecting line of the circle center P and the point A as one side, and taking a connecting line of the circle center P and the point B as an angle of the other side; the alpha angle is a chord tangent angle passing through the point A, AQ is used for obtaining the diameter of the axle to be detected, and PA is used for obtaining the radius of the axle to be detected.
Claims (4)
1. An axle size dynamic detection system based on a laser measurement technology is used for detecting the diameter of a truck axle (1); the detection system is characterized by comprising a laser range finder (2), a laser signal processing unit (3), industrial personal computer equipment (4) and a wheel sensor (5);
the laser range finder (2) is vertically arranged between two adjacent sleepers below the rail;
the wheel sensor (5) is arranged on the side wall of the rail to acquire the passing information of the truck and send out a magnetic steel signal, and meanwhile, the truck is ensured to pass through the laser distance meter (2) after preferentially passing through the wheel sensor;
the industrial personal computer equipment (4) comprises a control industrial personal computer (4-1) and a data acquisition industrial personal computer (4-2);
the control industrial personal computer (4-1) is used for receiving the magnetic steel signals sent by the wheel sensor (5) and sending control signals after receiving the magnetic steel signals;
the laser range finder (2) is used for receiving a control signal sent by the control industrial personal computer (4-1), starts to work after receiving the control signal, so that when the axle (1) to be detected of the truck passes through the laser range finder (2), the vertical distance between the laser range finder and the axle (1) to be detected is obtained in real time, and meanwhile, the vertical distance information is sent in the form of a laser signal;
the laser signal processing unit (3) is used for receiving a laser signal sent by the laser range finder (2), obtaining the diameter information of the axle (1) to be detected through the laser signal and sending the diameter information;
the data acquisition industrial personal computer (4-2) is used for receiving a control signal sent by the control industrial personal computer (4-1), acquiring the vehicle information of the truck after receiving the control signal, and simultaneously corresponding and storing the vehicle information and the diameter information sent by the laser signal processing unit (3).
2. The dynamic detection system of the axle dimension based on the laser measurement technology is characterized in that the laser range finder (2) comprises a laser generator (2-1), a linear collimating objective (2-2), a cylindrical objective (2-3), a combined objective (2-4) and an RS-COMS (2-5);
the laser generator (2-1) is used for emitting laser, the laser emitted by the laser generator sequentially passes through the linear collimating objective lens (2-2) and the cylindrical objective lens (2-3) and then irradiates the axle (1) to be detected, the laser is reflected on the axle (1) to be detected, reflected light of the laser is received by the RS-COMS (2-5) after passing through the combined objective lens (2-4), and the RS-COMS (2-5) obtains the distance from the axle (1) to the laser generator (2-1) according to the position of the reflected light.
3. The dynamic detection system of the axle dimensions based on laser measurement technique according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a network unit (6);
the network unit (6) is used for sending the diameter information stored in the data acquisition industrial personal computer (4-2) and the vehicle information corresponding to the diameter to a railway bureau through a network.
4. The dynamic detection system for the axle dimension based on the laser measurement technology is characterized in that the laser signal processing unit (3) obtains the diameter information of the axle (1) to be detected through the following algorithm;
the method comprises the steps of firstly, establishing a rectangular coordinate system, forming a detection axle section diagram by taking time as a horizontal coordinate and distance as a vertical coordinate and taking the vertical distance between the laser range finder (2) and an axle (1) to be detected, which is acquired in real time, and placing the detection axle section diagram in a first quadrant;
and step two, selecting the lowest point A of the cross section of the detection axle, and reading the coordinates as follows: (t2, s 2);
and step three of an algorithm, selecting a point on the cross section of the detected axle, wherein the point is different from the lowest point of the cross section of the detected axle, and reading the coordinates of the point as follows: (t1, s 1);
connecting the lowest point and an arbitrarily-selected point and making a vertical bisector of the lowest point and the arbitrarily-selected point, wherein the intersection point of a connecting line of the lowest point and the arbitrarily-selected point and the vertical bisector is B;
step five of algorithm, the diameter of the axle to be detected is obtained through a formula (1), a formula (2), a formula (3) and a formula (4);
formula (1) for crossing beta ═ alpha
Expression (2) of arctan (s1-s2)/(t2-t1)
AB 1/2 (t2-t1) cos α equation (3)
AQ 2PA 2AB sin β (t2-t1) cos α sin β formula (4)
Wherein the angle β is: taking the circle center P as a vertex, taking a connecting line of the circle center P and the point A as one side, and taking a connecting line of the circle center P and the point B as an angle of the other side; the alpha angle is a chord tangent angle passing through the point A, AQ is used for obtaining the diameter of the axle to be detected, and PA is used for obtaining the radius of the axle to be detected.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010438300.3A CN111595252A (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2020-05-21 | Axle size dynamic detection system based on laser measurement technology |
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| CN202010438300.3A CN111595252A (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2020-05-21 | Axle size dynamic detection system based on laser measurement technology |
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