CN111585134B

CN111585134B - Motor brush mechanism

Info

Publication number: CN111585134B
Application number: CN202010451058.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗先娥
Original assignee: Changsha Bailuda Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Changsha BaiLuDa Technology Development Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2020-05-25
Filing date: 2020-05-25
Publication date: 2021-06-22
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-25
Also published as: CN111585134A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of motors, and particularly relates to a motor brush mechanism which comprises a base ring disc, a torsional spring and a brush mechanism, wherein the base ring disc arranged in an end cover of a motor rotor is symmetrically provided with two brush mechanisms matched with a reversing ring arranged on the motor rotor; according to the invention, on the premise of meeting the requirement of sufficient contact between the electric brush and the reversing ring, the interaction force between the carbon brush and the reversing ring is smaller, so that the abrasion between the carbon brush and the reversing ring is reduced, the service life of the carbon brush is further prolonged, the replacement period of the carbon brush or the electric brush mechanism is prolonged, and the maintenance cost of the motor is reduced.

Description

Motor brush mechanism

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of motors, and particularly relates to a motor brush mechanism.

Background

The brush motor is widely used due to low cost and simple structure, but the brush of the brush motor needs to be replaced periodically due to abrasion. In the running process of the brush motor, if the pressure of the brush and the reversing ring is overlarge, abnormal high temperature is caused due to serious mechanical abrasion and abrasion, and abrasion and ablation are caused. If the pressure between the brush and the commutation ring is too low, the vibration of the motor operation can cause the contact area between the brush and the commutation ring to pulsate, and sparks are generated. The pressure between the brushes and the commutation ring in a typical brush motor is a suitable intermediate value to minimize damage caused by both of the above-mentioned damage factors.

However, the replacement cycle of the brush in the brush motor is still short for the occasion that the brush is not suitable for replacement, so that the occasion can select the brushless motor with higher use cost, thereby increasing the overall cost of the equipment, and therefore, the design of the brush mechanism capable of effectively prolonging the replacement cycle of the brush in the brush motor is necessary.

The invention designs a motor brush mechanism to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention discloses a motor brush mechanism which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention conventionally use, which are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, or be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

A motor brush mechanism characterized by: the motor rotor electric brush mechanism comprises a base ring disc, a torsion spring and electric brush mechanisms, wherein the base ring disc arranged in an end cover of a motor rotor is symmetrically provided with two electric brush mechanisms matched with a reversing ring arranged on the motor rotor; two torsion springs are symmetrically arranged on the base ring disc and respectively apply pressure to the two electric brush mechanisms; the pressure of the electric brush mechanism to the reversing ring is smaller than that of the torsion spring to the electric brush mechanism, and the contact between the electric brush mechanism and the reversing ring cannot generate pulsation due to the running vibration of the motor.

The electric brush mechanism comprises a sliding sleeve A, a sliding plug A, a connecting rod A, a pin shaft B, a swing rod, a connecting rod B, a sliding rod, an L rod A, a sliding sleeve C, a sliding plug B, a push rod, a carbon brush and a one-way locking mechanism, wherein the sliding sleeve A with openings at two ends is arranged in an installation seat on a base disc, and a limiting plate for limiting the sliding sleeve A to slide towards the direction of a motor rotor is arranged on the installation seat; the sliding plug A pressed by one end of the corresponding torsion spring slides in the sliding sleeve A in the radial direction; one end of the swing rod is rotatably matched with a pin shaft B arranged in the sliding sleeve A, and the other end of the swing rod is connected with a sliding rod which radially slides on the outer side wall of the sliding sleeve A through a connecting rod B hinged with the slide rod B; the sliding plug A is connected with the middle part of the swing rod through a connecting rod A hinged with the sliding plug A and the swing rod.

A sliding sleeve C is arranged at the opening at the tail end of the sliding sleeve A, and a sliding plug B slides in the sliding sleeve C in the radial direction; the sliding plug B is fixedly connected with the sliding rod through the L rod A; one end of the sliding plug B is provided with a push rod, and a carbon brush in contact with the reversing ring is arranged at the tail end of the push rod; the sliding plug B is connected with the inner wall of the sliding sleeve A through a one-way locking mechanism, and the one-way locking mechanism prevents the carbon brush from generating contact pulsation with the reversing ring.

As a further improvement of the technology, the swing rod passes through and swings in a movable groove C on the sliding sleeve A and a movable groove A on the corresponding mounting seat, and the movable groove A and the movable groove C provide a movable space for the movement of the swing rod. The sliding rod slides in a sliding sleeve B arranged on the outer side of the sliding sleeve A, the sliding sleeve B moves in a movable groove B on the side wall of the corresponding mounting seat, the sliding sleeve B provides a sliding track for the sliding rod, and the movable groove B provides a movable space for the sliding sleeve B to move relative to the mounting seat. A fixed seat is arranged on the side wall of the mounting seat, and a pin shaft A is arranged on the fixed seat; the pin shaft A is provided with a corresponding torsion spring in an embedded mode; one end of the torsion spring is connected with the corresponding pin shaft A, and the other end of the torsion spring is matched with a sliding plug A in the corresponding electric brush mechanism. All install the apron that blocks corresponding sliding sleeve A through the bolt on every mount pad for sliding sleeve A can not break away from the mount pad because of the operation vibration of motor in being fixed in the mount pad better. The L rod A slides in a movable groove D on the side wall of the sliding sleeve C, and the movable groove D provides a movable space for the movement of the L rod A. The tail end of the carbon brush is provided with a contact cambered surface matched with the reversing ring, and one end of the carbon brush is kept in full contact with the reversing ring through the contact cambered surface.

As a further improvement of the technology, the one-way locking mechanism comprises an L-shaped rod B, a contact plate, a telescopic rod consisting of an outer sleeve and an inner rod, a return spring and an L-shaped plate, wherein one end of the L plate positioned in the sliding sleeve A is fixedly connected with the sliding plug B, the other end of the L plate is provided with a telescopic rod with an included angle of 110 degrees between the telescopic direction and the motion direction of the carbon brush, the included angle of 110 degrees between the telescopic rod and the motion direction of the carbon brush is ensured, when the carbon brush moves in the direction of compressing the telescopic rod in the radial direction under the influence of the vibration of the motor, the component force of the telescopic rod in the telescopic direction is not enough to overcome the resultant force of the friction force generated by the non-parallel of the telescopic direction and the stress direction of the telescopic rod and the pressure of the pre-compressed return spring in the telescopic rod, so that the telescopic rod is contracted and passively locked, the carbon brush is always in good contact with the reversing ring, and the contact pulsation between the carbon brush and the reversing ring caused by the vibration of the motor is avoided. A contact plate vertical to the motion direction of the carbon brush is installed at the other end of the telescopic rod, and the contact plate is in contact fit with one end of an L rod B installed on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve A; the telescopic rod is internally provided with a return spring for the telescopic reset.

As a further improvement of the technology, the inner rod of the telescopic rod is symmetrically provided with two guide blocks which respectively slide in two guide grooves on the inner wall of the outer sleeve. The guide block and the guide groove play a positioning and guiding role in sliding of the inner rod in the outer sleeve of the telescopic rod, and meanwhile, the inner rod is prevented from being separated from the outer sleeve, and the inner reset spring is guaranteed to be in a pre-compression state.

As a further improvement of the technology, the above one-way locking mechanism has a second scheme, which includes an L-rod B, a threaded sleeve, a sliding seat, an L-seat, a screw, a bevel gear a, a bevel gear B, a volute spring, a rotating shaft, a one-way ring, a straight gear, a support, and a rack, wherein the L-seat is installed on a sliding plug B, and a square threaded sleeve is installed in the sliding seat installed on the L-seat and slides radially; a screw rod is in threaded fit in the screw sleeve, and one end of the screw rod is in rotating fit with the L seat; one end of the screw sleeve far away from the L seat is in contact fit with an L rod B arranged on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve A; a bevel gear A is arranged on the screw rod; a support is arranged on the L seat, and a rotating shaft vertical to the motion direction of the carbon brush is rotatably matched on the support; one end of the rotating shaft is rotatably matched with a bevel gear B meshed with the bevel gear A, and the other end of the rotating shaft is provided with a one-way ring; a straight gear is nested on the one-way ring; the rotating shaft drives the bevel gear B to rotate through the volute spiral spring nested on the rotating shaft; the straight gear is meshed with a rack arranged in the sliding sleeve A.

As a further improvement of the technology, the inner wall of the bevel gear B is provided with a ring groove; the scroll spring is positioned in the annular groove; one end of the volute spiral spring is connected with the inner wall of the annular groove, and the other end of the volute spiral spring is connected with the rotating shaft; the rack is installed in the sliding sleeve A through a fixed rod. The annular groove provides an accommodating space for the spiral spring, and the space occupied by the spiral spring on the rotating shaft is reduced.

As a further improvement of the technology, the transmission ratio of the bevel gear A to the bevel gear B is larger than 1, the ratio of the reference circle diameter of the bevel gear B to the straight gear is larger than 1, it is guaranteed that when the carbon brush is abraded, the L seat moves away from the L rod B under the driving of the sliding plug B, and the L seat drives the straight gear to move relative to the rack through the support and the rotating shaft. Because the transmission ratio of the bevel gear A to the bevel gear B is greater than 1, and the ratio of the reference circle diameters of the bevel gear B to the straight gear is greater than 1, the rack drives the screw to rotate at high speed through the straight gear, the unidirectional ring which performs unidirectional driving, the rotating shaft, the volute spring, the bevel gear B and the bevel gear A, and the screw which rotates at high speed drives the screw sleeve which is screwed with the screw to generate the motion which is axially close to the L rod B. The high-speed rotation of screw rod has compensatied the axial relative motion's of restriction because of thread pitch slow between screw rod and the swivel nut for the swivel nut is in order to be higher than L seat relative sliding sleeve B's rate of motion high-speed motion and keep with L pole B's sustained contact under the screw rod effect of high-speed rotation, and at this in-process, because axial rapid motion swivel nut is with L pole B recontact and interact back, sliding plug B still continues the motion, at this moment, the volute spring begins by compression deformation energy storage, the volute spring of deformation energy storage drives the swivel nut and keeps sticising the contact with L pole B through a series of transmissions, guarantee that the one-way locking function of one-way locking mechanism does not become invalid.

Compared with the traditional motor brush, the invention applies external pressure to the brush mechanism through the torsion spring, and ensures that the carbon brush in the brush mechanism is in good contact with the reversing ring. Because the pressure of the torsion spring on the middle part of the swing rod with the swinging tendency under the action of the torsion spring is 2 times larger than the pressure of the electric brush and the reversing ring driven by the tail end of the swing rod through a series of transmissions, the pressure of the carbon brush on the reversing ring is smaller although the pressure of the external torsion spring on the whole electric brush mechanism is larger. According to the invention, on the premise of meeting the requirement of sufficient contact between the electric brush and the reversing ring, the interaction force between the carbon brush and the reversing ring is smaller, so that the abrasion between the carbon brush and the reversing ring is reduced, the service life of the carbon brush is further prolonged, the replacement period of the carbon brush or the electric brush mechanism is prolonged, and the maintenance cost of the motor is reduced.

Meanwhile, due to the existence of the one-way locking mechanism, when the carbon brush is subjected to the acting force generated by the reversing ring due to the vibration of the motor, the movement trend of the carbon brush towards the direction far away from the reversing ring can be completely stopped by the pressure of the torsion spring, the carbon brush is ensured to be still kept in good contact with the reversing ring, the contact pulsation between the carbon brush and the reversing ring due to the vibration of the motor is avoided, the damage of sparks caused by the contact pulsation to the motor is prevented, the service life of the motor is prolonged, and the maintenance cost of the motor is reduced.

The invention has simple structure and better use effect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention in cooperation with a circular plate base.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the matching of the limiting plate, the mounting seat, the sliding sleeve a, the sliding plug a and the torsion spring.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the circular plate base, the mounting seat, the limiting plate and the torsion spring.

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mounting seat, the fixing seat, the pin a and the torsion spring.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the brush mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a one-way locking mechanism and a partial cross-section thereof.

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second solution of the one-way locking mechanism cooperating with the sliding sleeve a and the sliding plug B.

Fig. 8 is a second version of the one-way locking mechanism and a schematic cross-sectional view thereof.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the screw, bevel gear A, bevel gear B, spiral spring, one-way ring and spur gear.

Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sliding sleeve A.

Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sleeve C.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the sliding plug a, the connecting rod a, the swing rod, the connecting rod B, the sliding rod, the sliding sleeve B, L rod a, the sliding plug B, the push rod and the carbon brush in cooperation.

FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bevel gear and its components.

Number designation in the figures: 1. a base ring plate; 2. a rotor circular hole; 3. a mounting seat; 4. a movable groove A; 5. a movable groove B; 6. a limiting plate; 7. a fixed seat; 8. a pin shaft A; 9. a torsion spring; 10. a cover plate; 11. an electric brush mechanism; 12. a sliding sleeve A; 13. a movable groove C; 14. a sliding plug A; 15. a connecting rod A; 16. a pin B; 17. a swing rod; 18. a connecting rod B; 19. a slide bar; 20. a sliding sleeve B; 21. an L-bar A; 22. a sliding sleeve C; 23. a movable groove D; 24. a sliding plug B; 25. a push rod; 26. a carbon brush; 27. contacting the arc surface; 28. a one-way locking mechanism; 29. an L-bar B; 30. a contact plate; 31. a telescopic rod; 32. a jacket; 33. a guide groove; 34. an inner rod; 35. a guide block; 36. a return spring; 37. an L plate; 38. a threaded sleeve; 39. a slide base; 40. an L seat; 41. a screw; 42. a bevel gear A; 43. a bevel gear B; 44. a ring groove; 45. a volute spiral spring; 46. a rotating shaft; 47. a unidirectional ring; 48. a spur gear; 49. a support; 50. a rack; 51. and (5) fixing the rod.

Detailed Description

The drawings are schematic illustrations of the implementation of the present invention to facilitate understanding of the principles of structural operation. The specific product structure and the proportional size are determined according to the use environment and the conventional technology.

As shown in fig. 1, the motor rotor end cover comprises a base ring disc 1, a torsion spring 9 and a brush mechanism 11, wherein as shown in fig. 1, two brush mechanisms 11 matched with a reversing ring arranged on a motor rotor are symmetrically arranged on the base ring disc 1 arranged in the motor rotor end cover; as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, two torsion springs 9 are symmetrically installed on the base ring plate 1, and the two torsion springs 9 respectively apply pressure to the two brush mechanisms 11; the pressure of the brush mechanism 11 on the commutation ring is smaller than that of the torsion spring 9 on the brush mechanism 11, and the contact between the brush mechanism 11 and the commutation ring cannot generate pulsation due to the running vibration of the motor.

As shown in fig. 5 and 7, the brush mechanism 11 includes a sliding sleeve a12, a sliding plug a14, a connecting rod a15, a pin B16, a swing rod 17, a connecting rod B18, a sliding rod 19, an L rod a21, a sliding sleeve C22, a sliding plug B24, a push rod 25, a carbon brush 26, and a one-way locking mechanism 28, wherein as shown in fig. 2, 3, and 10, the sliding sleeve a12 with openings at two ends is installed in an installation seat 3 on a base disc, and a limit plate 6 for limiting the sliding of the sliding sleeve a12 to the direction of the motor rotor is installed on the installation seat 3; as shown in fig. 2, the sliding plug a14 pressed by one end of the corresponding torsion spring 9 slides radially in the sliding sleeve a 12; as shown in fig. 2, 5 and 7, one end of the swing rod 17 is rotatably matched with a pin shaft B16 installed in the sliding sleeve a12, and the other end of the swing rod 17 is connected with a sliding rod 19 which radially slides on the outer side wall of the sliding sleeve a12 through a connecting rod B18 hinged with the sliding rod and the sliding sleeve; the sliding plug A14 is connected with the middle part of the swing rod 17 through a connecting rod A15 hinged with the sliding plug A14 and the swing rod.

As shown in fig. 5 and 7, a sliding sleeve C22 is installed at the opening at the tail end of the sliding sleeve a12, and a sliding plug B24 slides in the sliding sleeve C22 in the radial direction; as shown in fig. 5, 7 and 12, the sliding plug B24 is fixedly connected with the sliding rod 19 through an L rod a 21; one end of the sliding plug B24 is provided with a push rod 25, and a carbon brush 26 in contact with the reversing ring is arranged at the tail end of the push rod 25; the sliding plug B24 is connected with the inner wall of the sliding sleeve A12 through the one-way locking mechanism 28, and the one-way locking mechanism 28 prevents the carbon brush 26 from generating contact pulsation with the reversing ring.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 10, the swing rod 17 passes through and swings in the movable groove C13 on the sliding sleeve a12 and the movable groove a4 on the corresponding mounting seat 3, and the movable groove a4 and the movable groove C13 provide a movable space for the movement of the swing rod 17. As shown in fig. 2, 5 and 12, slide rod 19 slides in slide sleeve B20 installed outside slide sleeve a12, slide sleeve B20 moves in movable groove B5 on the side wall of corresponding installation seat 3, slide sleeve B20 provides slide track for slide rod 19, and movable groove B5 provides movable space for the movement of slide sleeve B20 relative to installation seat 3. As shown in fig. 4, a fixed seat 7 is installed on the side wall of the installation seat 3, and a pin shaft A8 is installed on the fixed seat 7; the pin shaft A8 is provided with a corresponding torsion spring 9 in an embedded manner; torsion spring 9 has one end connected to a respective pin A8 and the other end engaged with a wiper plug a14 in a respective brush mechanism 11. As shown in fig. 1, a cover plate 10 for blocking the corresponding sliding bush a12 is mounted on each mounting seat 3 by bolts, so that the sliding bush a12 is better fixed in the mounting seat 3 and can not be separated from the mounting seat 3 due to the operation vibration of the motor. As shown in fig. 2 and 11, the L-shaped rod a21 slides in the movable groove D23 on the side wall of the sliding sleeve C22, and the movable groove D23 provides a movable space for the movement of the L-shaped rod a 21. The end of the carbon brush 26 has a contact arc 27 matching with the commutation ring, and the contact arc 27 makes one end of the carbon brush 26 keep full contact with the commutation ring.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the unidirectional locking mechanism 28 includes an L-shaped bar B29, a contact plate 30, an expansion bar 31 composed of an outer sleeve 32 and an inner bar 34, a return spring 36, and an L-shaped plate 37, wherein as shown in fig. 5 and 6, one end of the L-shaped plate 37 located in the sliding sleeve a12 is fixedly connected to the sliding plug B24, the other end of the L-shaped plate 37 is mounted with the expansion bar 31 whose expansion direction and carbon brush 26 moving direction form an angle of 110 degrees, the angle between the expansion bar 31 and the carbon brush 26 moving direction is 110 degrees, so as to ensure that when the carbon brush 26 moves in the direction of compressing the expansion bar 31 in the radial direction when being affected by the vibration of the motor, the expansion bar 31 is not subjected to component force in the expansion direction enough to overcome the resultant force of the expansion bar 31 generated by the non-parallel expansion direction and the force-receiving direction of the expansion bar 31 and the pressure of, contact pulsation between the carbon brushes 26 and the commutation ring caused by motor vibration is avoided. A contact plate 30 which is vertical to the motion direction of the carbon brush 26 is arranged at the other end of the telescopic rod 31, and the contact plate 30 is in contact fit with one end of an L-shaped rod B29 which is arranged on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve A12; a return spring 36 for extending and retracting the telescopic rod 31 is installed in the telescopic rod.

As shown in fig. 6, two guide blocks 35 are symmetrically installed on the inner rod 34 of the telescopic rod 31, and the two guide blocks 35 respectively slide in the two guide grooves 33 on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 32. The guide block 35 and the guide groove 33 play a positioning and guiding role in the sliding of the inner rod 34 in the outer sleeve 32 of the telescopic rod 31, and simultaneously, the inner rod 34 is prevented from being separated from the outer sleeve 32 and the inner return spring 36 is ensured to be in a pre-compression state.

As shown in fig. 8, the one-way locking mechanism 28 has a second scheme, which includes an L-shaped rod B29, a threaded sleeve 38, a sliding seat 39, an L-shaped seat 40, a screw rod 41, a bevel gear a42, a bevel gear B43, a volute spring 45, a rotating shaft 46, a one-way ring 47, a straight gear 48, a support 49 and a rack 50, wherein as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the L-shaped seat 40 is installed on a sliding plug B24, and the sliding seat 39 installed on the L-shaped seat 40 has a square threaded sleeve 38 sliding radially; a screw rod 41 is in threaded fit with the screw sleeve 38, and one end of the screw rod 41 is in rotating fit with the L seat 40; one end of the screw sleeve 38 far away from the L seat 40 is in contact fit with an L rod B29 arranged on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve A12; the screw 41 is provided with a bevel gear A42; as shown in fig. 7 and 9, the L-shaped base 40 is provided with a support 49, and the support 49 is rotatably fitted with the rotating shaft 46 perpendicular to the moving direction of the carbon brush 26; one end of the rotating shaft 46 is rotatably matched with a bevel gear B43 meshed with the bevel gear A42, and the other end of the rotating shaft 46 is provided with a one-way ring 47; a straight gear 48 is nested on the one-way ring 47; the rotating shaft 46 drives the bevel gear B43 to rotate through the scroll spring 45 nested on the rotating shaft; spur gear 48 meshes with rack 50 mounted in slide a 12.

As shown in fig. 13, the bevel gear B43 has a circular groove 44 on its inner wall; scroll spring 45 is located in groove 44; one end of a scroll spring 45 is connected with the inner wall of the annular groove 44, and the other end is connected with a rotating shaft 46; as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the rack 50 is installed in the sliding bush a12 through the fixing rod 51. The annular groove 44 provides a receiving space for the spiral spring 45, and reduces the space occupied by the spiral spring 45 on the rotating shaft 46.

As shown in fig. 9, the transmission ratio of the bevel gear a42 to the bevel gear B43 is greater than 1, and the ratio of the pitch circle diameter of the bevel gear B43 to the pitch circle diameter of the spur gear 48 is greater than 1, so that when the carbon brush 26 is worn, the L-shaped seat 40 is driven by the sliding plug B24 to move away from the L-shaped rod B29, and the L-shaped seat 40 drives the spur gear 48 to move relative to the rack 50 through the support 49 and the rotating shaft 46. Because the transmission ratio of the bevel gear A42 to the bevel gear B43 is greater than 1, and the ratio of the pitch circle diameters of the bevel gear B43 to the straight gear 48 is greater than 1, the rack 50 drives the screw 41 to rotate at high speed through the straight gear 48, the unidirectional ring 47 which performs unidirectional driving, the rotating shaft 46, the spiral spring 45, the bevel gear B43 and the bevel gear A42, and the screw 41 which rotates at high speed drives the screw sleeve 38 which is screwed with the screw 41 to generate the movement which is axially close to the L rod B29. The high-speed rotation of the screw 41 compensates for the slow axial relative movement between the screw 41 and the threaded sleeve 38 due to the limitation of the thread pitch, so that the threaded sleeve 38 moves fast at a speed higher than the movement speed of the L seat 40 relative to the sliding sleeve B20 and keeps continuous contact with the L rod B29 under the action of the high-speed rotating screw 41, and in the process, after the axial fast-moving threaded sleeve 38 is in contact with and interacts with the L rod B29 again, the sliding plug B24 still moves continuously, at the moment, the volute spring 45 starts to be compressed, deformed and stored energy, and the volute spring 45 with deformed and stored energy drives the threaded sleeve 38 to keep pressing contact with the L rod B29 through a series of transmission, thereby ensuring that the unidirectional locking function of the unidirectional locking mechanism 28 does not fail.

According to the invention, the swing rod 17 swings around a pin shaft B16 which is rotatably matched with one end of the swing rod, the torsion spring 9 transmits acting force to the middle part of the swing rod 17 through the sliding plug A14 and the connecting rod A15, and the swing rod 17 is pushed by the connecting rod A15 to drive the carbon brush 26 and the reversing ring to extrude with each other through the connecting rod B18 hinged with the tail end of the swing rod and a series of transmissions. Because the pressure of the torsion spring 9 on the middle part of the swing rod 17 which generates the swing trend under the action of the torsion spring 9 is 2 times larger than the pressure of the torsion spring 9 on the tail end of the swing rod 17 which drives the brush and the reversing ring through a series of transmissions, the pressure of the external torsion spring 9 on the whole brush mechanism 11 is larger, but the pressure of the carbon brush 26 on the reversing ring is smaller. According to the invention, on the premise of meeting the requirement of full contact between the electric brush and the reversing ring, the interaction force between the carbon brush 26 and the reversing ring is small, so that the abrasion between the carbon brush 26 and the reversing ring is reduced, the service life of the carbon brush 26 is prolonged, the replacement period of the carbon brush 26 or the electric brush mechanism 11 is prolonged, and the maintenance cost of the motor is reduced.

The working process of the invention is as follows: in the initial state, the sliding plugs a14 in the two brush mechanisms 11 are respectively pressed by the corresponding torsion springs 9, the sliding plug a14 in the brush mechanism 11 presses the carbon brush 26 against the commutating ring through the connecting rod a15, the swing rod 17, the connecting rod B18, the sliding rod 19, the L rod a21, the sliding plug B24 and the push rod 25, and the contact arc surface 27 of the carbon brush 26 in the two brush mechanisms 11 is in contact with the commutating ring. If the unidirectional locking mechanism 28 is composed of the L rod B29, the contact plate 30, the telescopic rod 31 composed of the outer sleeve 32 and the inner rod 34, the return spring 36 and the L plate 37, at this time, the telescopic rod 31 is in a compressed state, and the return spring 36 inside the telescopic rod 31 is in a pre-pressing energy storage state.

Since the moment arm generated by the sliding plug a14 acting on the swing lever 17 through the connecting rod a15 is shorter than the moment arm generated by the carbon brush 26 acting on the swing lever 17 through a series of transmission actions, the pressure generated by the carbon brush 26 on the reversing ring is much smaller than the pressure of the corresponding torsion spring 9 on the sliding plug a14 or the whole brush mechanism 11. Therefore, when the brush mechanism 11 is kept in good contact with the reversing ring under the condition of constant pressure, the interaction force between the carbon brush 26 in the brush mechanism 11 and the reversing ring reaches a smaller degree, on the basis of meeting the requirement of good contact between the carbon brush 26 and the reversing ring, the mutual friction between the carbon brush 26 and the reversing ring is ensured to be smaller, the abrasion of the carbon brush 26 is relieved, the replacement period of the carbon brush 26 or the brush mechanism 11 is prolonged, and the maintenance cost of the motor is reduced.

When the carbon brushes 26 in the two brush mechanisms 11 are abraded by long-time friction of the commutation ring rotating along with the rotor, the sliding plug a14 slides in the direction of the commutation ring along the radial direction under the pressure of the torsion spring 9, and the sliding plug a14 drives the swing rod 17 to swing around the pin shaft B16 through the connecting rod a15 hinged with the sliding plug a 14. The swing rod 17 drives the sliding rod 19 to slide in the sliding sleeve B20 in the direction of the reversing ring along the radial direction through the connecting rod B18 hinged with the swing rod, and the sliding rod 19 drives the carbon brush 26 to move towards the reversing ring through the L rod A21, the sliding plug B24 and the push rod 25 and continuously extrudes the reversing ring and keeps continuous good contact with the reversing ring.

In the process, if the unidirectional locking mechanism 28 is composed of the L rod B29, the contact plate 30, the telescopic rod 31 composed of the outer sleeve 32 and the inner rod 34, the return spring 36 and the L plate 37, at this time, the sliding plug B24 drives the L plate 37 to gradually release the limitation on the telescopic rod 31, the telescopic rod 31 performs self-adaptive extension under the action of the pre-pressing energy storage return spring 36, the extended telescopic rod 31 drives the contact plate 30 to keep good contact with the L rod B29, and the contact plate 30 generates lateral relative sliding relative to the L rod B29 along with the extension of the telescopic rod 31. If the one-way locking mechanism 28 is composed of an L rod B29, a screw sleeve 38, a sliding seat 39, an L seat 40, a screw rod 41, a bevel gear A42, a bevel gear B43, a spiral spring 45, a rotating shaft 46, a one-way ring 47, a straight gear 48, a support 49 and a rack 50, the sliding plug B24 drives the L seat 40 to move away from the sliding sleeve A12. The L-shaped seat 40 drives the spur gear 48 to move relative to the rack 50 through the support 49 and the rotating shaft 46, and the rack 50 drives the spur gear 48 to rotate. At this time, the one-way ring 47 plays a one-way driving role, so that the spur gear 48 drives the bevel gear B43 to rotate through the one-way ring 47, the rotating shaft 46 and the spiral spring 45, the bevel gear B43 drives the screw 41 to rotate at a high speed through the bevel gear a42, the screw 41 rotating at the high speed drives the screw sleeve 38 to rapidly slide in the sliding seat 39 in a direction close to the L-rod B29, and the sliding of the screw sleeve 38 makes up for the stroke of the L-seat 40 driving the screw sleeve 38 to move away from the L-rod through the screw 41 and keeps continuous extrusion contact with the L-rod B29. In the process, the deformation of the spiral spring 45 stores part of the motion energy of the sliding plug B24 relative to the sliding sleeve a12, so as to ensure that the screw sleeve 38 keeps continuous good contact with the L rod B29 under the driving of the stored energy spiral spring 45, and provide for the unidirectional locking mechanism 28 to prevent the carbon brush 26 from generating contact pulsation with the commutation ring under the vibration of the running motor.

When the running motor vibrates, contact pulsation may occur between the commutation ring and the carbon brushes 26 in the motor, and the carbon brushes 26 tend to move away from the commutation ring.

In this case, if the unidirectional locking mechanism 28 is composed of the L rod B29, the contact plate 30, the telescopic rod 31 composed of the outer sleeve 32 and the inner rod 34, the return spring 36 and the L plate 37, the carbon brush 26 will push the swing link 17 away from the reversing ring direction through the push rod 25, the sliding plug B24, the L rod a21, the sliding rod 19 and the connecting rod B18, so as to generate a tendency of swinging around the pin B16 toward the sliding plug a 14. Meanwhile, the sliding plug B24 quickly pushes the telescopic rod 31 towards the sliding plug a14 through the L-shaped plate 37, the telescopic rod 31 has a contraction tendency, and the telescopic rod 31 quickly pushes the contact plate 30 towards the L-shaped rod B29. Because the included angle between the extension direction of the telescopic rod 31 and the movement direction of the carbon brush 26 is 110 degrees, and the angle between the contraction force direction of the telescopic rod 31 and the extension direction of the telescopic rod 31 is larger at this time, under the combined action of the return spring 36 inside the telescopic rod 31 and the friction between the inner rod 34 and the outer sleeve 32, the contraction of the telescopic rod 31 is difficult to form friction locking. At this time, the telescopic rod 31 is equivalent to the telescopic rod 31 which does not shrink as a straight rod, the sliding sleeve a12 is driven by the contact plate 30 and the L rod B29 to move towards the sliding plug a14, and the sliding sleeve a12 drives the other end of the swing rod 17 to move towards the sliding plug a14 by the pin B16. At the same time, the two ends of the swing link 17 are simultaneously subjected to the acting forces with the same direction and the same magnitude, so that the whole swing link 17 pushes the sliding plug a14 to move against the pressure of the torsion spring 9 through the connecting rod a15 hinged with the whole swing link. Due to the large pressure of the torsion spring 9, the movement tendency of the carbon brush 26 does not drive the sliding plug a14 or the whole brush mechanism 11 to move away from the commutation ring through a series of transmissions, thereby ensuring that the carbon brush 26 does not generate contact pulsation with the commutation ring under the influence of the operation vibration of the motor.

If the unidirectional locking mechanism 28 is composed of an L rod B29, a screw sleeve 38, a sliding seat 39, an L seat 40, a screw rod 41, a bevel gear a42, a bevel gear B43, a spiral spring 45, a rotating shaft 46, a unidirectional ring 47, a straight gear 48, a support 49 and a rack 50, the carbon brush 26 pushes the swing rod 17 to the direction away from the reversing ring through the push rod 25, the sliding plug B24, the L rod a21, the sliding rod 19 and the connecting rod B18 to generate the tendency of swinging around the pin shaft B16 to the direction of the sliding plug a 14. At the same time, the sliding plug B24 rapidly pushes the screw 41 toward the sliding plug a14 through the L-shaped seat 40. Because the screw 41 and the threaded sleeve 38 have a thread self-locking function, the screw 41 and the threaded sleeve 38 do not move relatively, the screw 41 drives the sliding sleeve a12 to move towards the sliding plug a14 through the threaded sleeve 38 and the L rod B29 which is in contact with the threaded sleeve 38, and the sliding sleeve a12 drives the other end of the swing rod 17 to move towards the sliding plug a14 through the pin shaft B16. At the same time, the two ends of the swing link 17 are simultaneously subjected to the acting forces with the same direction and the same magnitude, so that the whole swing link 17 pushes the sliding plug a14 to move against the pressure of the torsion spring 9 through the connecting rod a15 hinged with the whole swing link. Due to the large pressure of the torsion spring 9, the movement tendency of the carbon brush 26 does not drive the sliding plug a14 or the whole brush mechanism 11 to move away from the commutation ring through a series of transmissions, thereby ensuring that the carbon brush 26 does not generate contact pulsation with the commutation ring under the influence of the operation vibration of the motor. Meanwhile, the one-way ring 47 plays an overrunning role, so that the energy-storing volute spring 45 drives the one-way ring 47 to synchronously rotate along with the supporting wheel through the rotating shaft 46 without movement interference.

After a long period of use, when the carbon brushes 26 are worn down severely, the rear end cover of the motor is removed, so that the two brush mechanisms 11 are disengaged from the commutation ring. The cover plate 10 is opened, one end of the torsion spring 9 is manually pulled away from the sliding plug a14, and the brush mechanism 11 is detached from the mounting base 3. During replacement and installation, one end of the torsion spring 9 is firstly broken off by hand, a new brush mechanism 11 is placed in the installation seat 3, one end of the torsion spring 9 is pressed on the sliding plug a14, and the cover plate 10 is installed to fix the brush mechanism 11. If the unidirectional locking mechanism 28 is composed of an L rod B29, a contact plate 30, an expansion link 31 composed of an outer sleeve 32 and an inner rod 34, a return spring 36 and an L plate 37, the carbon brush 26 is slowly pressed into the sliding sleeve C22 by a hand, so that the expansion link 31 is slowly contracted under the action of an external force, the oscillating bar 17 is driven by a series of transmissions to oscillate to a certain tiny extent in the direction of the sliding plug A14 around the pin shaft B16, the oscillating bar 17 drives the sliding plug A14 to overcome partial pressure of the torsion spring 9 through the connecting rod A15 to generate certain amplitude movement, when a contact arc surface 27 on the carbon brush 26 is in contact with the reversing ring, the hand is released, and finally the carbon brush 26 is driven by the series of transmissions to be in extrusion contact with the reversing.

If the unidirectional locking mechanism 28 is composed of an L rod B29, a threaded sleeve 38, a sliding base 39, an L seat 40, a screw rod 41, a bevel gear A42, a bevel gear B43, a volute spring 45, a rotating shaft 46, a unidirectional ring 47, a straight gear 48, a support 49 and a rack 50, the carbon brush 26 is slowly pressed into the sliding sleeve C22 by hand, so that the carbon brush 26 acts on two ends of the oscillating rod 17 through a series of transmissions and pushes the sliding plug A14 to overcome partial pressure of the torsion spring 9 through the oscillating rod 17 and the connecting rod A15 to generate certain amplitude movement, the carbon brush 26 is released when a contact arc surface 27 on the carbon brush 26 is in contact with the reversing ring, and finally the carbon brush 26 is driven to be in pressing contact with the reversing ring through a series of transmissions under the.

In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the torsion spring 9 is used for externally pressing the electric brush mechanism 11, so that the carbon brush 26 in the electric brush mechanism 11 is ensured to be well contacted with the reversing ring. Because the pressure of the torsion spring 9 on the middle part of the swing rod 17 with the swinging tendency under the action of the torsion spring 9 is 2 times greater than the pressure of the torsion spring 9 on the tail end of the swing rod 17 which drives the brush and the reversing ring through a series of transmissions, the pressure of the external torsion spring 9 on the whole brush mechanism 11 is greater, but the pressure of the carbon brush 26 on the reversing ring is smaller. According to the invention, on the premise of meeting the requirement of full contact between the electric brush and the reversing ring, the interaction force between the carbon brush 26 and the reversing ring is small, so that the abrasion between the carbon brush 26 and the reversing ring is reduced, the service life of the carbon brush 26 is prolonged, the replacement period of the carbon brush 26 or the electric brush mechanism 11 is prolonged, and the maintenance cost of the motor is reduced.

Meanwhile, due to the existence of the one-way locking mechanism 28, when the carbon brush 26 is subjected to the acting force of the reversing ring generated by the vibration of the motor, the movement trend of the carbon brush 26 in the direction away from the reversing ring is completely stopped by the pressure of the torsion spring 9, so that the carbon brush 26 is ensured to be kept still and still keep good contact with the reversing ring, the contact pulsation between the carbon brush 26 and the reversing ring generated by the vibration of the motor is avoided, the damage of sparks caused by the contact pulsation to the motor is prevented, the service life of the motor is prolonged, and the maintenance cost of the motor is reduced.

Claims

1. A motor brush mechanism characterized by: the motor rotor electric brush mechanism comprises a base ring disc, a torsion spring and electric brush mechanisms, wherein the base ring disc arranged in an end cover of a motor rotor is symmetrically provided with two electric brush mechanisms matched with a reversing ring arranged on the motor rotor; two torsion springs are symmetrically arranged on the base ring disc and respectively apply pressure to the two electric brush mechanisms; the pressure of the electric brush mechanism on the reversing ring is smaller than that of the torsion spring on the electric brush mechanism, and the contact between the electric brush mechanism and the reversing ring cannot generate pulsation due to the running vibration of the motor;

the electric brush mechanism comprises a sliding sleeve A, a sliding plug A, a connecting rod A, a pin shaft B, a swing rod, a connecting rod B, a sliding rod, an L rod A, a sliding sleeve C, a sliding plug B, a push rod, a carbon brush and a one-way locking mechanism, wherein the sliding sleeve A with openings at two ends is arranged in an installation seat on a base disc, and a limiting plate for limiting the sliding sleeve A to slide towards the direction of a motor rotor is arranged on the installation seat; the sliding plug A pressed by one end of the corresponding torsion spring slides in the sliding sleeve A in the radial direction; one end of the swing rod is rotatably matched with a pin shaft B arranged in the sliding sleeve A, and the other end of the swing rod is connected with a sliding rod which radially slides on the outer side wall of the sliding sleeve A through a connecting rod B hinged with the slide rod B; the sliding plug A is connected with the middle part of the swing rod through a connecting rod A hinged with the sliding plug A and the swing rod;

a sliding sleeve C is arranged at the opening at the tail end of the sliding sleeve A, and a sliding plug B slides in the sliding sleeve C in the radial direction; the sliding plug B is fixedly connected with the sliding rod through the L rod A; one end of the sliding plug B is provided with a push rod, and a carbon brush in contact with the reversing ring is arranged at the tail end of the push rod; the sliding plug B is connected with the inner wall of the sliding sleeve A through a one-way locking mechanism, and the one-way locking mechanism prevents the carbon brush from generating contact pulsation with the reversing ring;

the swing rod penetrates through and swings in the movable groove C on the sliding sleeve A and the movable groove A on the corresponding mounting seat; the sliding rod slides in a sliding sleeve B arranged outside the sliding sleeve A, and the sliding sleeve B moves in a movable groove B on the side wall of the corresponding mounting seat; a fixed seat is arranged on the side wall of the mounting seat, and a pin shaft A is arranged on the fixed seat; the pin shaft A is provided with a corresponding torsion spring in an embedded mode; one end of the torsion spring is connected with the corresponding pin shaft A, and the other end of the torsion spring is matched with a sliding plug A in the corresponding electric brush mechanism; each mounting seat is provided with a cover plate for blocking the corresponding sliding sleeve A through a bolt; the L-shaped rod A slides in a movable groove D on the side wall of the sliding sleeve C; the tail end of the carbon brush is provided with a contact arc surface matched with the reversing ring.

2. A brush mechanism for an electric motor according to claim 1, wherein: the one-way locking mechanism comprises an L rod B, a contact plate, a telescopic rod consisting of an outer sleeve and an inner rod, a reset spring and an L plate, wherein one end of the L plate positioned in the sliding sleeve A is fixedly connected with the sliding plug B, and the other end of the L plate is provided with the telescopic rod with an included angle of 110 degrees between the telescopic direction and the motion direction of the carbon brush; a contact plate vertical to the motion direction of the carbon brush is installed at the other end of the telescopic rod, and the contact plate is in contact fit with one end of an L rod B installed on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve A; the telescopic rod is internally provided with a return spring for the telescopic reset.

3. A brush mechanism for an electric motor according to claim 2, wherein: two guide blocks are symmetrically arranged on the inner rod of the telescopic rod and respectively slide in two guide grooves on the inner wall of the outer sleeve.

4. A brush mechanism for an electric motor according to claim 1, wherein: the one-way locking mechanism has a second scheme and comprises an L rod B, a threaded sleeve, a sliding seat, an L seat, a screw rod, a bevel gear A, a bevel gear B, a volute spiral spring, a rotating shaft, a one-way ring, a straight gear, a support and a rack, wherein the L seat is arranged on a sliding plug B, and a square threaded sleeve slides in the sliding seat arranged on the L seat in the radial direction; a screw rod is in threaded fit in the screw sleeve, and one end of the screw rod is in rotating fit with the L seat; one end of the screw sleeve far away from the L seat is in contact fit with an L rod B arranged on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve A; a bevel gear A is arranged on the screw rod; a support is arranged on the L seat, and a rotating shaft vertical to the motion direction of the carbon brush is rotatably matched on the support; one end of the rotating shaft is rotatably matched with a bevel gear B meshed with the bevel gear A, and the other end of the rotating shaft is provided with a one-way ring; a straight gear is nested on the one-way ring; the rotating shaft drives the bevel gear B to rotate through the volute spiral spring nested on the rotating shaft; the straight gear is meshed with a rack arranged in the sliding sleeve A.

5. A brush mechanism for an electric motor according to claim 4, wherein: the inner wall of the bevel gear B is provided with a ring groove; the scroll spring is positioned in the annular groove; one end of the volute spiral spring is connected with the inner wall of the annular groove, and the other end of the volute spiral spring is connected with the rotating shaft; the rack is installed in the sliding sleeve A through a fixed rod.

6. A brush mechanism for an electric motor according to claim 4, wherein: the transmission ratio of the bevel gear A to the bevel gear B is larger than 1, and the ratio of the reference circle diameters of the bevel gear B and the straight gear is larger than 1.