CN111571781A - Method for manufacturing plant specimen enamel handicraft - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing plant specimen enamel handicraft Download PDFInfo
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- CN111571781A CN111571781A CN202010391460.7A CN202010391460A CN111571781A CN 111571781 A CN111571781 A CN 111571781A CN 202010391460 A CN202010391460 A CN 202010391460A CN 111571781 A CN111571781 A CN 111571781A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/001—Applying decorations on shaped articles, e.g. by painting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/044—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with glaze or engobe or enamel or varnish
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/18—Applying ornamental structures, e.g. shaped bodies consisting of plastic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
- B44C3/04—Modelling plastic materials, e.g. clay
- B44C3/046—Modelling plastic materials, e.g. clay using a modelling surface, e.g. plate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
- B44C5/06—Natural ornaments; Imitations thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a plant specimen enamel handicraft, which comprises the steps of preparing and shaping veins, preparing lost foam veins, coating lost foam coating, embedding the lost foam veins into a pottery blank, firing a vein female die, filling a fired vein displacement body by taking the vein female die as a template, paving the vein displacement body on a matrix, firing enamel and the like. The leaf vein of the lost foam prepared by the invention is convenient for embedding a wet greenware, the leaf vein of the lost foam has obvious shaping and supporting effects on the slot, no stress exists, the coating of the lost foam coating can prevent the adhesion of the thinner slot or the generation of secondary cracks near the slot caused by the expansion or contraction of the greenware during firing, the marked slot is clear and complete, the leaf vein displacement body prepared by taking the leaf vein female die as a template has good fitting degree with the outer surface of a matrix, the similarity with the original leaf vein is high, and the completeness of vein reappearance is high. The addition of the thin-layer deposited carbon film is convenient for stripping the vein displacement body, and is favorable for further protecting the copied venation of the vein displacement body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of enamel preparation, in particular to a method for manufacturing a plant specimen enamel handicraft.
Background
In the existing preparation process of cloisonne enamel, plant patterns are manufactured by drawing a plain sketch firstly and then cloisonne on a matrix to form pattern lines, and the cloisonne enamel is formed by point-blue firing after the line is sealed.
In order to obtain realistic three-dimensional reality of plant lines and plant patterns, plant specimens are directly combined with enamel, venation textures of plants are fully utilized, the obtained lines are vivid and three-dimensional, the limitation of a wire inlay process is broken through, the textures are clear, details are real, however, the firing temperature of the enamel needs to reach 800-900 ℃, dry plant specimens cannot be remained on the surface of a matrix at the firing temperature, only some residual fuzzy print or glaze vacuoles are remained after firing, the subsequent point blue filling and drawing steps cannot be carried out, the three-dimensional effect cannot be mentioned, the combination of the plant specimens and the enamel is extremely difficult, and the current plant leaf pattern drawing can only be manually copied or simply drawn. Even if vein lines can be reserved in the firing process through other means, as the tire body is not a regular object, the radians of all parts on the outer surface are inconsistent and change greatly, and the phenomena of non-fit, tilting or overlapping are easy to occur when the veins are attached to the tire body, so that the effect display of the veins is seriously influenced.
The plant specimen imitation prepared by methods such as concave die filling and die pressing is common, but the concave die is required to have fire-resistant property when the concave die is used for preparing the plant specimen imitation capable of resisting high temperature, most of the existing concave die dies can not resist high temperature of more than 1000 ℃, when the concave die dies are prepared by high-temperature resistant materials such as ceramics, fine concave slots are easily adhered or cracked in the firing process, and once the slots are deformed or cracked, the preparation of the vein imitation is silent. When the vein replicator is prepared, the details of the tail end of the vein are numerous and complicated, so that the ceramic female die is difficult to replicate the plant vein with the numerous details, and further the high-fidelity refractory vein replicator cannot be prepared through the female die.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the defect that plant natural textures cannot be shown and utilized on the outer surface in the existing enamel handicraft preparation process, the invention provides a plant specimen enamel handicraft manufacturing method, which can be used for preparing a high-fidelity fire-resistant vein duplicate through a fire-resistant concave die so as to show and utilize the plant natural textures in the enamel handicraft.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for manufacturing a plant specimen enamel handicraft comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing plant veins: washing with water after boiling with alkali solution to remove leaf pulp, and drying the residual water-absorbing paper;
(2) clamping the incompletely dried veins between a ceramic female die and a tire body for shaping, matching and attaching the ceramic female die and the tire body, and taking out the veins after completely drying and shaping;
(3) taking the shaped veins as a template, printing the veins of the lost foam by 3D, sucking and taking out redundant lost foam coating after the veins of the lost foam are dip-coated with the lost foam coating, and airing for later use;
(4) completely embedding the veins of the lost foam into the surface of the inner wall of a wet greenware body, finishing the wet greenware body until the inner and outer surfaces are smooth and flat, then drying the greenware body, wherein the wet greenware body is the same as the green body of the ceramic female die, and then firing and molding the dry greenware body to obtain a vein female die;
(5) coating or depositing a release agent in the groove gap of the inner wall of the vein female die by taking the vein female die as a die, filling glaze or polyacrylonitrile solution, and taking out the rigid or flexible vein displacement body after high-temperature treatment and molding;
(6) brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the adhesion part of the matrix, adhering the vein displacement body, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the body, and firing;
(7) coating surface glaze on the veins of the veins according to the color layout, firing to finish coloring, polishing and cleaning to obtain the handicraft.
Preferably, the 3D printing thickness of the vein evanescent mode is 5-100 times of that of a shaped vein, and the printing raw material of the vein of the evanescent mode is polystyrene.
Preferably, the glaze is a color glaze, and the single-coating thickness of the transparent bottom glaze is 0.2-0.8 mm.
Preferably, the firing temperature of the greenware is 1200-1400 ℃.
Preferably, when the slot filler of the vein concave die is polyacrylonitrile solution, the high-temperature treatment method comprises the following steps:
(A) filling the slot with a polyacrylonitrile solution until the polyacrylonitrile solution is full and slightly overflows, immersing the vein female die into a solidification solution for solidification after ultrasonic degassing, wherein the solidification solution is a mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide and water or a mixed solution of dimethyl formamide and water;
(B) then, a multi-stage gradient temperature water washing step is carried out, and the content of residual solvent in the solidified body is lower than five per ten thousandth through the multi-stage gradient temperature water washing;
(C) drying and densifying the polyacrylonitrile solidified body after water washing, carrying out heat setting on the dried and densified vein displacing body in a vein female die in superheated steam to prepare a carbonized precursor, polishing the carbonized precursor in situ in the vein female die, and removing the part protruding out of the slot according to the radian of the inner surface;
(D) and (3) carrying out preoxidation treatment on the whole vein female die in a preoxidation furnace with an air atmosphere of 220-265 ℃ for 30-60 minutes, then sequentially carrying out carbonization treatment in a low-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 350-800 ℃ and a high-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 1100-1300 ℃, cooling and taking out carbides to obtain the flexible vein displacement body.
Preferably, the vein female die prepared in the step (4) is used for repeatedly preparing the vein displacement body after being qualified through repeated inspection, and the specific method is that polyacrylonitrile solution is injected into a slot and is directly taken out to observe the completeness of the vein details after being solidified, and the completeness of the vein female die is more than 95% and can be used for subsequent repeated preparation and use.
Preferably, the preparation method of the polyacrylonitrile solution comprises the following steps: fully dissolving the completely dehydrated polyacrylonitrile membrane in DMSO or DMF, adding a thickening agent, fully stirring, filtering the dissolved solution, and defoaming in a vacuum standing state to obtain a membrane-forming solution, wherein the mass concentration of the polyacrylonitrile membrane in the membrane-forming solution is 19-22 wt%, and the mass concentration of the thickening agent is 2-5 wt%.
Preferably, when the slot filler of the vein concave die is glaze, the high-temperature treatment method comprises the following steps: filling the slot with the ground glaze until the slot is full and slightly overflows, ultrasonically degassing, firing at 850 ℃ for forming, polishing in situ in the vein concave die, removing the part protruding out of the slot according to the radian of the inner surface, and taking out to obtain the rigid vein displacement body.
Preferably, after the vein female die is prepared, the sintering residues in the slot are removed by high-pressure water flow.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the 3D printing uses the vein which is clamped, dried and shaped by the ceramic female die and the matrix as a template, the printed lost mould vein has a certain radian, and is convenient for embedding a wet greenware, the groove gap on the vein female die is formed by engraving and printing the shaped vein as the template, the shaping and supporting effect of the lost mould vein on the groove gap is obvious, no stress exists, the coating of the lost mould coating can prevent the adhesion of the finer groove gap caused by the expansion or shrinkage of the greenware during firing or the generation of secondary cracks near the groove gap, the engraved groove gap is clear, the tail end detailed structure of the vein can be maintained, the integrity is good, the vein displacement body prepared by using the vein female die as the template is good in adhesion degree with the outer surface of the matrix, the similarity with the original vein is high, and the integrity of vein reappearance is high.
Because the inner surface of the vein concave die is provided with the cambered surface attached to the matrix, the vein displacement body prepared after polishing also has a certain radian, so that the attachment degree with the matrix is extremely good, obvious gaps and upwarping can not occur, the phenomenon that the veins of the arteries are intussuscepted and raised can not occur, and a good foundation is provided for the.
The deposited carbon film is used as the release agent, so that the contact fixation of the filler and the ceramic matrix can be effectively avoided, the situation that vein details are damaged due to incapability of stripping or difficult stripping is avoided, the deposited carbon layer is thin, the filling of a detail slot gap is not influenced, the vein replication integrity of the vein replacement body is further improved, and convenience is provided for the firing display of the vein replacement body on the matrix.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vein structure.
Detailed Description
The following examples are included to provide further detailed description of the present invention and to provide those skilled in the art with a more complete, concise, and exact understanding of the principles and spirit of the invention.
Example 1: the plant specimen enamel handicraft is prepared by the following method:
(1) preparing plant veins: boiling with 13 wt% sodium hydroxide solution, washing with water to remove leaf pulp, and drying the remaining water-absorbing paper with complete vein as shown in FIG. 1;
(2) clamping the incompletely dried veins between a ceramic female die and a tire body for shaping, matching and attaching the ceramic female die and the tire body, and taking out the veins after completely drying and shaping; the step can shape the vein to be consistent with the radian of the outer surface of the matrix, so that the vein of the subsequent lost foam mold can be conveniently embedded into a wet ceramic blank.
(3) The design vein is used as a template, the 3D printing of the vein of the evanescent mode is adopted, the 3D printing thickness of the vein evanescent mode is 5 times of that of the design vein, the embedding depth is increased, the stereoscopic impression of the vein displacement body is improved, and a slot generated by imprinting can be effectively supported. The printing material for the veins of the evanescent mode in this example was polystyrene. After the lost foam vein is dip-coated with the lost foam coating, taking out and placing on a porous ceramic plate, sucking and taking out redundant lost foam coating through the small holes on the porous ceramic plate under negative pressure, and ensuring uniform coating after repeated coating and sucking for multiple times; the porous ceramic plate can uniformly suck and take out redundant lost foam coating on the surface, a thin and uniform lost foam coating layer is formed on the surface of the lost foam leaf vein, the phenomenon that the lost foam coating layer loses vein network structure due to sheet adhesion caused by excessive coating is prevented, and then the lost foam leaf vein is dried for later use; the evaporative pattern coating selected in the embodiment is a metal casting type evaporative pattern coating, and the fire-resistant temperature range is 900-1000 ℃.
(4) Completely embedding the lost foam leaf vein into the inner wall surface of a wet greenware body, finishing the wet greenware body until the inner and outer surfaces are smooth and flat, then drying the greenware body, wherein the wet greenware body is the same as the green body of the ceramic female die, and then firing and molding the dry greenware body at 1200 ℃ to obtain a leaf vein female die; during high-temperature firing, polystyrene is gradually gasified and disappeared when the temperature is raised to about 300 ℃, and the lost foam coating on the surface of the lost foam vein is continuously heated and gradually sintered to control the shape of the slot gap to be unchanged and prevent the slot gap from being adhered and collapsed or prevent secondary cracks from being generated near the slot gap. And in the sintering stage of 1200-1400 ℃, the greenware is sintered and shaped, the lost foam coating is gradually ablated to form a small amount of residues, and the sintered residues in the slot gap can be removed by high-pressure water flow after the vein female die is prepared.
(5) The vein female die is used as a die, a release agent is coated or deposited in a groove gap on the inner wall of the vein female die, and a conventional release agent is difficult to coat at a narrow part (such as 500 mu m) of the groove gap, so the release agent adopts a vacuum deposition method to deposit and prepare a graphite film (method reference: Xujinfen, Fangjiabao. preparation of a vacuum deposition carbon film and performance [ J ] of the vacuum deposition carbon film and solid lubrication, 1986(03):28-34+50.) or to coat graphite, the deposition or coating thickness of the release agent is about 30 mu m, polyacrylonitrile solution is filled in, and a flexible vein displacement body is taken out after high-temperature treatment and molding, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(A) preparation of polyacrylonitrile solution: fully dissolving the completely dehydrated polyacrylonitrile membrane in pure DMSO, adding a thickening agent, fully stirring, filtering the dissolved solution, and defoaming in a vacuum standing state to obtain a solution, wherein the mass concentration of the polyacrylonitrile membrane in the solution is 19 wt%, the mass concentration of the thickening agent is 2 wt%, and the thickening agent can be increased or decreased according to the effect, so that the strength of the solution is ensured, and the solution is proper in thickness. When the polyacrylonitrile membrane is dissolved, the materials are gradually added in batches, namely a certain amount of solvent, a certain amount of polyacrylonitrile membrane, a certain amount of solvent and a certain amount of polyacrylonitrile membrane … are added repeatedly, so that the waste silk is ensured to be fully contacted with the solvent. And after the feeding is finished, stirring at room temperature to uniformly mix the waste silk and the solvent, swelling for 7 hours at room temperature in a closed state, heating the swelling mixture to 65 ℃, stirring and dissolving for 4.5 hours at 40rpm, and filtering the mixture solution and defoaming in a vacuum standing state to obtain the polyacrylonitrile solution.
(B) Filling the slot with polyacrylonitrile solution until the polyacrylonitrile solution is full and slightly overflows, and immersing the vein female die into solidification liquid for solidification after ultrasonic degassing at the frequency of 25kHz, wherein the solidification liquid is a mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide and water; the mass concentration of DMSO in the solidification solution is 75 wt%, the temperature is 20 ℃, and the solidification time is 40 s; and then, performing multistage gradient temperature water washing, and performing water washing in hot water at 50-85 ℃ by adopting gradient temperature rise. Specifically, the water is washed in a water bath at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 10s, and then washed in water baths at the temperatures of 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80 and 85 ℃ for 15s respectively. And washing with water at a multi-stage gradient temperature to ensure that the content of residual solvent in the membrane is less than five ten-thousandths. At the moment, polyacrylonitrile solution can be injected into the slot to be solidified and then directly taken out to observe the completeness of the vein details, and the completeness of the vein details is over 95 percent, so that the polyacrylonitrile solution can be used for subsequent repeated preparation and use.
(C) And (3) carrying out drying densification on the polyacrylonitrile solidified body in situ after washing, wherein the temperature in the drying densification process is 100 ℃ and the time is 30 s. The dried and densified vein displacement body in the vein female die is subjected to heat setting in superheated steam to prepare a carbonized precursor, the carbonized precursor is subjected to in-situ grinding in the vein female die, and the part protruding out of the slot is removed according to the radian of the inner surface;
(D) and (3) carrying out preoxidation treatment on the whole vein female die in a preoxidation furnace with an air atmosphere of 220 ℃ for 30 minutes, then carrying out carbonization treatment in a low-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 350 ℃ and a high-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 1100 ℃ in sequence, cooling and taking out the carbide to obtain the flexible vein displacement body. The vein replacement body not only highly reproduces and retains vein and shape of vein, but also has the characteristic of resisting high temperature of more than 1000 ℃, and subsequent repeated calcination can not damage vein and shape of vein and whole shape
(6) Arranging the sticking position of the vein displacing body, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the sticking position of the matrix, sticking the vein displacing body, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the matrix, wherein the thickness of the transparent bottom glaze coated twice is 0.2mm, firing at 880 ℃ according to a conventional firing method, ensuring that the ground glaze is transparent and the vein pattern is clear and visible after firing, and fixing the vein displacing body under the ground glaze in a similar relief shape. All glazes used in this example are conventional commercially available glazes.
(7) Coating surface glaze on the vein veins of the veins according to the color and the layout, wherein the surface glaze adopts antimony surface glaze, firing is carried out at 830 ℃ according to a conventional firing method to finish coloring, and polishing and cleaning are carried out to obtain the artware.
Example 2: the plant specimen enamel handicraft is prepared by the following method:
(1) preparing plant veins: boiling 12 wt% calcium hydroxide alkali solution, flushing with water to remove leaf pulp, and drying the residual water-absorbing paper;
(2) clamping the incompletely dried veins between a ceramic female die and a tire body for shaping, matching and attaching the ceramic female die and the tire body, and taking out the veins after completely drying and shaping;
(A) the method comprises the steps of taking a shaped vein as a template, adopting 3D to print the vein of the evanescent mode, wherein the 3D printing thickness of the vein evanescent mode is 100 times of that of the shaped vein, and the printing raw material of the vein of the evanescent mode is polystyrene. After the lost foam vein is dip-coated with the lost foam coating, taking out and placing on a porous ceramic plate, repeatedly coating, hanging and sucking for multiple times, and ensuring uniform coating; the porous ceramic plate can uniformly suck and take out redundant lost foam coating on the surface, and then the veins of the lost foam are dried for later use; the evaporative pattern coating selected in the embodiment is a metal casting type evaporative pattern coating, and the fire-resistant temperature range is 900-1000 ℃.
(3) Completely embedding the lost foam leaf vein into the inner wall surface of a wet greenware body, finishing the wet greenware body until the inner and outer surfaces are smooth and flat, then drying the greenware body, wherein the wet greenware body is the same as the green body of the ceramic female die, and then firing and molding the dry greenware body at 1400 ℃ to obtain a leaf vein female die; the sintering residue in the slot can be removed by high-pressure water flow after the vein concave die is fired.
(4) Coating or depositing a release agent in a groove gap on the inner wall of a vein female die which is taken as a die, filling the groove gap with a colored ground glaze until the colored ground glaze is full and slightly overflows, carrying out ultrasonic degassing at 55kHz, then firing and forming at 850 ℃, carrying out in-situ polishing in the vein female die, removing a part protruding out of the groove gap according to the radian of the inner surface, and taking out to obtain a rigid vein displacement body; the release agent was a chemical vapor deposition amorphous carbon film, the release agent having a thickness of about 100 μm.
(5) Arranging the sticking position of the vein displacing body, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the sticking position of the tire body, sticking the vein displacing body, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the tire body, wherein the thickness of the transparent bottom glaze coated twice is 0.8mm, firing at 880 ℃ according to a conventional firing method, ensuring that the bottom glaze is transparent and the vein is clear and visible after firing, and fixing the vein under the bottom glaze in a similar relief shape. All glazes used in this example are conventional commercially available glazes.
(6) Coating surface glaze on the vein veins of the veins according to the color and the layout, wherein the surface glaze adopts antimony surface glaze, firing is carried out at 830 ℃ according to a conventional firing method to finish coloring, and polishing and cleaning are carried out to obtain the artware.
Example 3: the plant specimen enamel handicraft is prepared by the following method:
(1) preparing plant veins: boiling 13 wt% sodium hydroxide solution, flushing with water to remove leaf pulp, and drying the residual water-absorbing paper;
(2) clamping the incompletely dried veins between a ceramic female die and a tire body for shaping, matching and attaching the ceramic female die and the tire body, and taking out the veins after completely drying and shaping;
(3) the method comprises the steps of taking a shaped vein as a template, and adopting 3D printing of the vein of the evanescent mode, wherein the 3D printing thickness of the vein evanescent mode is 80 times of that of the shaped vein, and the printing raw material of the vein of the evanescent mode is polystyrene. After the lost foam vein is dip-coated with the lost foam coating, taking out and placing on a porous ceramic plate, sucking and taking out redundant lost foam coating through the small holes on the porous ceramic plate under negative pressure, and ensuring uniform coating after repeated coating and sucking for multiple times; the porous ceramic plate can uniformly suck and take out redundant lost foam coating on the surface, a thin and uniform lost foam coating layer is formed on the surface of the lost foam leaf vein, and then the lost foam leaf vein is dried for later use; the evaporative pattern coating selected in the embodiment is a metal casting type evaporative pattern coating, and the fire-resistant temperature range is 900-1000 ℃.
(4) Completely embedding the lost foam leaf vein into the inner wall surface of a wet greenware body, finishing the wet greenware body until the inner and outer surfaces are smooth and flat, then drying the greenware body, wherein the wet greenware body is the same as the green body of the ceramic concave die, and firing and molding the dry greenware body at 1300 ℃ to obtain a leaf vein concave die; the sintering residue in the slot can be removed by high-pressure water flow after the preparation of the vein female die is finished.
(5) And (3) coating or depositing a release agent in the groove gap of the inner wall of the cavity by using the vein female die as a die, depositing an amorphous carbon film by using the release agent through a chemical vapor deposition method, wherein the thickness of the release agent is about 80 mu m, injecting a polyacrylonitrile solution into the groove gap, directly taking out the polyacrylonitrile solution after solidification, and observing the completeness of the vein details, wherein the completeness of more than 95 percent can be used for subsequent repeated preparation and use. Refilling polyacrylonitrile solution, taking out the flexible vein displacement body after high-temperature treatment and molding, and comprising the following specific steps:
(A) preparation of polyacrylonitrile solution: fully dissolving the completely dehydrated polyacrylonitrile membrane in pure DMF, adding a thickening agent, fully stirring, filtering the dissolved solution, and defoaming in a vacuum standing state to obtain a solution, wherein the mass concentration of the polyacrylonitrile membrane in the solution is 22 wt%, the mass concentration of the thickening agent is 5 wt%, and the thickening agent can be increased or decreased according to the effect, so that the strength of the solution is ensured, and the solution is proper in thickness. And after the feeding is finished, stirring at room temperature to uniformly mix the waste silk and the solvent, swelling for 18 hours at room temperature in a closed state, heating the swelling mixture to 70 ℃, stirring and dissolving for 7 hours at 40rpm, and filtering and defoaming the mixture solution in a vacuum standing state to obtain the polyacrylonitrile solution.
(B) Filling the slot with polyacrylonitrile solution until the polyacrylonitrile solution is full and slightly overflows, and immersing the vein female die into solidification liquid for solidification after ultrasonic degassing at the frequency of 90kHz, wherein the solidification liquid is a mixed solution of DMF (dimethyl formamide) and water; the mass concentration of DMF in the solidification solution is 75 wt%, the temperature is 20 ℃, and the solidification time is 40 s;
(C) and then, performing multistage gradient temperature water washing, and performing water washing in hot water at 50-85 ℃ by adopting gradient temperature rise. Specifically, the water is washed in a water bath at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 10s, and then washed in water baths at the temperatures of 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80 and 85 ℃ for 15s respectively. And washing with water at a multi-stage gradient temperature to ensure that the content of residual solvent in the membrane is less than five ten-thousandths.
(D) And (3) carrying out in-situ drying densification on the polyacrylonitrile solidified body after washing, wherein the temperature of the drying densification process is 100 ℃, and the time is 30 s. The dried and densified vein displacement body in the vein female die is subjected to heat setting in superheated steam to prepare a carbonized precursor, the carbonized precursor is subjected to in-situ grinding in the vein female die, and the part protruding out of the slot is removed according to the radian of the inner surface;
(E) and (3) carrying out preoxidation treatment on the whole vein female die in a preoxidation furnace with an air atmosphere of 265 ℃ for 60 minutes, then carrying out carbonization treatment in a low-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 800 ℃ and a high-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 1300 ℃ in sequence, cooling and taking out the carbide to obtain the flexible vein displacement body.
(6) Arranging the sticking position of the vein displacing body, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the sticking position of the matrix, sticking the vein displacing body, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the matrix, wherein the thickness of the transparent bottom glaze coated twice is 0.6mm, firing at 880 ℃ according to a conventional firing method, ensuring that the ground glaze is transparent and the vein pattern is clear and visible after firing, and fixing the vein displacing body under the ground glaze in a similar relief shape. All glazes used in this example are conventional commercially available glazes.
(7) Coating surface glaze on the vein veins of the veins according to the color and the layout, wherein the surface glaze adopts antimony surface glaze, firing is carried out at 830 ℃ according to a conventional firing method to finish coloring, and polishing and cleaning are carried out to obtain the artware.
Example 4: the plant specimen enamel handicraft is prepared by the following method:
(1) preparing plant veins: boiling 13 wt% sodium hydroxide solution, flushing with water to remove leaf pulp, and drying the residual water-absorbing paper;
(2) clamping the incompletely dried veins between a ceramic female die and a tire body for shaping, matching and attaching the ceramic female die and the tire body, and taking out the veins after completely drying and shaping;
(3) the method comprises the steps of taking a shaped vein as a template, and adopting 3D printing of the vein of the evanescent mode, wherein the 3D printing thickness of the vein evanescent mode is 50 times of that of the shaped vein, and the printing raw material of the vein of the evanescent mode is polystyrene. After the lost foam vein is dip-coated with the lost foam coating, sucking to remove the redundant coating, and forming a thin and uniform lost foam coating layer on the surface of the lost foam vein, wherein the method is the same as the example 1, and then airing the lost foam vein for later use; the evaporative pattern coating selected in the embodiment is a metal casting type evaporative pattern coating, and the fire-resistant temperature range is 900-1000 ℃.
(4) Completely embedding the lost foam leaf vein into the inner wall surface of a wet greenware body, finishing the wet greenware body until the inner and outer surfaces are smooth and flat, then drying the greenware body, wherein the wet greenware body is the same as the green body of the ceramic female die, and then firing and molding the dry greenware body at 1350 ℃ to obtain a leaf vein female die; the sintering residue in the slot can be removed by high-pressure water flow after the preparation of the vein female die is finished.
(5) Taking the vein female die as a die, coating or depositing a release agent in a groove gap on the inner wall of the vein female die, directly coating the release agent by graphite powder, wherein the thickness of the release agent is about 50 mu m, injecting a polyacrylonitrile solution into the groove gap, directly taking out the polyacrylonitrile solution after solidification, and observing the completeness of the vein details, wherein the completeness of the vein details is more than 95 percent and can be used for subsequent repeated preparation and use. Refilling polyacrylonitrile solution, taking out the flexible vein displacement body after high-temperature treatment and molding, and comprising the following specific steps:
(A) preparation of polyacrylonitrile solution: fully dissolving the completely dehydrated polyacrylonitrile membrane in pure DMSO, adding a thickening agent, fully stirring, filtering the dissolved solution, and defoaming in a vacuum standing state to obtain a solution, wherein the mass concentration of the polyacrylonitrile membrane in the solution is 20 wt%, the mass concentration of the thickening agent is 3.5 wt%, and the thickening agent can be increased or decreased according to the effect, so that the strength of the solution is ensured, and the solution is proper in thickness. When the polyacrylonitrile membrane is dissolved, feeding materials step by step in batches, stirring at room temperature after the feeding is finished to uniformly mix the waste silk and the solvent, swelling for 7 hours at the room temperature in a closed state, heating the swelling mixture to 65 ℃, stirring at 40rpm for dissolving for 4.5 hours, and filtering and defoaming the mixture solution in a vacuum standing state to obtain the polyacrylonitrile solution.
(B) Filling the slot with polyacrylonitrile solution until the polyacrylonitrile solution is full and slightly overflows, ultrasonically degassing at the frequency of 35kHz, and then immersing the vein female die integrally into a solidification liquid for solidification, wherein the solidification liquid is a mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide and water; the mass concentration of DMSO in the solidification solution is 75 wt%, the temperature is 20 ℃, and the solidification time is 40 s;
(C) and then, performing multistage gradient temperature water washing, and performing water washing in hot water at 50-85 ℃ by adopting gradient temperature rise. Specifically, the water is washed in a water bath at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 10s, and then washed in water baths at the temperatures of 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80 and 85 ℃ for 15s respectively. And washing with water at a multi-stage gradient temperature to ensure that the content of residual solvent in the membrane is less than five ten-thousandths.
(D) And (3) carrying out in-situ drying densification on the polyacrylonitrile solidified body after washing, wherein the temperature of the drying densification process is 100 ℃, and the time is 30 s. The dried and densified vein displacement body in the vein female die is subjected to heat setting in superheated steam to prepare a carbonized precursor, the carbonized precursor is subjected to in-situ grinding in the vein female die, and the part protruding out of the slot is removed according to the radian of the inner surface;
(E) and (3) carrying out preoxidation treatment on the whole vein female die in a preoxidation furnace with an air atmosphere of 240 ℃ for 45 minutes, then carrying out carbonization treatment in a low-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 550 ℃ and a high-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 1200 ℃ in sequence, cooling and taking out the carbide to obtain the flexible vein displacement body.
(6) Arranging the sticking position of the vein displacing body, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the sticking position of the matrix, sticking the vein displacing body, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the matrix, wherein the thickness of the transparent bottom glaze coated twice is 0.5mm, firing at 880 ℃ according to a conventional firing method, ensuring that the ground glaze is transparent and the vein pattern is clear and visible after firing, and fixing the vein displacing body under the ground glaze in a similar relief shape. All glazes used in this example are conventional commercially available glazes.
(7) Coating surface glaze on the vein veins of the veins according to the color and the layout, wherein the surface glaze adopts antimony surface glaze, firing is carried out at 830 ℃ according to a conventional firing method to finish coloring, and polishing and cleaning are carried out to obtain the artware.
Comparative example 1: the process was the same as in example 1 except that the vein prepared in step (1) was directly stuck to the body and then subjected to subsequent enamel firing.
Comparative example 2: the rest of the process was the same as example 1, except that the molded vein was directly embedded in a wet greenware to prepare a vein die.
Comparative example 3: the rest of the steps are the same as those in the example 1, except that the lost foam vein after 3D printing is directly embedded into a wet greenware to prepare a vein concave die without coating lost foam paint.
Comparative example 4: the rest was the same as example 2 except that the deposition of a carbon film was not performed, and a glaze was directly filled for preparing a vein displacement body.
Comparative example 5: the rest was the same as example 1 except that the polyacrylonitrile solution was directly filled for preparing a vein displacement body without deposition of a carbon film.
The finished enamel artware fired in the above examples was subjected to visual inspection for details, and the evaluation results were as follows:
TABLE 1 Effect of different vein treatment processes on vein patterns on the surface of finished products
The reasons for the results shown in table 1 are mainly: the plant veins mainly comprise organic matters such as plant fibers, when the veins are directly coated with glaze and fired, the organic matters, carbonate and other substances in the veins are gasified and escaped at high temperature, and the detailed structures in the veins cannot be effectively preserved, so that the vein patterns of the finished products only retain the rough outlines of some veins, and the integrity is seriously damaged. The tail end of the vein completely disappears and gasifies in the temperature rise process, so that the unformed glaze cannot be supported, and the gasification process also easily causes air holes, so that the phenomenon of air holes or collapse occurs in the vein paving area. And the leaf vein ash remained after high-temperature calcination is easy to cause the slag inclusion phenomenon of the transparent glaze, so that the appearance of the finished product is seriously influenced. The main reason for the phenomenon is that the veins are not high-temperature resistant to calcination, but the preparation of the vein replacement body effectively overcomes the defect that the veins are not high-temperature resistant, the damage rate of the fine line structure of the veins is low, and the veins and the details of the original veins are effectively replaced and restored.
In the contrast embodiment, the dislocation of the multiple breakpoints in the whole venation is mainly caused by the fact that the paving carrier is an irregular arc surface of the matrix, the vein is brittle and easy to break after the preparation is completed, when the paving carrier is paved on the arc surfaces with different radians, the fracture of the vein is easily caused by the paving carrier, and therefore the dislocation of the multiple breakpoints in the whole venation is caused.
The vein is only remained, so that the vein die is light and small in size, and the vein die can be repeatedly used for preparing the vein replacement body, so that the cost for preparing the vein replacement body is low, and the wide application of the vein replacement body in the preparation of the enamel artware is not influenced.
In order to investigate the influence of the evanescent mode vein, the evanescent mode coating and the release agent on the preparation effect of the vein female die and the vein displacement body, the rigid or flexible vein displacement body prepared in each embodiment is compared with the original vein in the contact ratio or similarity degree, the vein displacement body or the original vein is photographed or scanned into a picture, Image compiler software is adopted to compare the similarity degree, and the replacement integrity degree of the vein displacement body is sequentially judged;
and for the observation of the vein female die, the opening on the surface of the groove gap is observed by using a magnifying glass and naked eyes, and the defects such as cracks, vacuoles and the like in or near the groove gap are detected by matching with an X-ray internal defect detector so as to determine the shaping condition of the groove gap in the vein female die.
TABLE 2 results of the test of the degree of completeness of replacement of the vein displacer
The results in table 2 show that the vein female die finished products in examples 1 to 4 completely have the capability of completely copying the details of the vein, and the vein displacement body prepared by using the method has high similarity with the original vein, namely the texture of the original vein is effectively reproduced, the integrity is high, and the phenomena of large adhesion and unclear texture are not generated. The deposition of carbon element films such as graphite and the like occupies small volume, has thin and uniform thickness, effectively prevents glaze or polyacrylonitrile materials from contacting and fixing with the slot, has good demolding effect, effectively improves the integrity of the vein displacement body during stripping, and reduces the damage probability of detail lines during stripping.
In contrast to example 2, the original veins are directly embedded into the wet ceramic body, and large-area fracture and damage of the veins occur during embedding, which is mainly because the original veins are extremely fragile after being shaped and dried, and are fractured under a slight force during embedding, detailed re-engraving cannot be performed, only some thicker contour veins can be engraved on the ceramic concave die, the complete reproducibility of the veins is low, and the veins cannot be used for preparing the vein displacement body.
In contrast example 3, since the lost mold coating is not applied, the 3D printed lost mold veins cannot support the greenware during the firing of the vein female mold, and after the sintering support effect of the lost mold coating is lost, the expansion or contraction effect of the greenware during the high-temperature firing causes a plurality of thin grooves at the end to be adhered, and cracks appear near some of the grooves, and the vein displacement body copied by using the method has low similarity with the original veins, and cannot be used for preparing the vein displacement body.
In comparative example 4 in which a glaze was filled for sintering a rigid vein displacement body, since the glaze was allowed to be fixed to the ceramic substrate of the vein die, the vein displacement body could not be peeled and extracted without the presence of a carbon film, and thus the vein displacement body could not be produced.
In comparative example 5, the polyacrylonitrile solution is filled for sintering the flexible vein replacement body, although the polyacrylonitrile is not fixed on the ceramic substrate after solidification and carbonization, but the carbon film is not used as the release agent, when stripping and extraction are carried out, because the end slot is thin, a small amount of detail part is inevitably difficult to strip to cause defect or fracture, the preparation integrity of the final vein replacement body is influenced, and the similarity with the original vein is far inferior to that in comparative example 1.
In summary, the 3D printing uses the vein which is clamped, dried and shaped by the ceramic female die and the matrix as the template, the printed lost mould vein has a certain radian, and is convenient for embedding the wet greenware, because the groove gap on the vein female die is formed by engraving the shaped vein as the template, the lost mould vein has obvious shaping supporting effect on the groove gap, has no stress, can prevent the adhesion of the finer groove gap caused by the expansion or shrinkage of the greenware during firing or the generation of secondary cracks near the groove gap after coating the lost mould coating, has clear engraved groove gap, can keep the tail end detailed structure of the vein, has good integrity, and the vein displacement body prepared by using the vein female die as the template is well adhered to the outer surface of the matrix, has high similarity with the original vein, and has high integrity of vein recurrence.
Because the inner surface of the vein concave die is provided with the cambered surface attached to the matrix, the vein displacement body prepared after polishing also has a certain radian, so that the attachment degree with the matrix is extremely good, obvious gaps and upwarping can not occur, the phenomenon that the veins of the arteries are intussuscepted and raised can not occur, and a good foundation is provided for the.
The deposited carbon film is used as the release agent, so that the contact fixation of the filler and the ceramic matrix can be effectively avoided, the situation that vein details are damaged due to incapability of stripping or difficult stripping is avoided, the deposited carbon layer is thin, the filling of a detail slot gap is not influenced, the vein replication integrity of the vein replacement body is further improved, and convenience is provided for the firing display of the vein replacement body on the matrix.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention; the technology not related to the invention can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the plant specimen enamel handicraft is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) preparing plant veins: washing with water after boiling with alkali solution to remove leaf pulp, and drying the residual water-absorbing paper;
(2) clamping the incompletely dried veins between a ceramic female die and a tire body for shaping, matching and attaching the ceramic female die and the tire body, and taking out the veins after completely drying and shaping;
(3) taking the shaped veins as a template, printing the veins of the lost foam by 3D, sucking and taking out redundant lost foam coating after the veins of the lost foam are dip-coated with the lost foam coating, and airing for later use;
(4) completely embedding the veins of the lost foam into the surface of the inner wall of a wet greenware body, finishing the wet greenware body until the inner and outer surfaces are smooth and flat, then drying the greenware body, wherein the wet greenware body is the same as the green body of the ceramic female die, and then firing and molding the dry greenware body to obtain a vein female die;
(5) coating or depositing a release agent in the groove gap of the inner wall of the vein female die by taking the vein female die as a die, filling glaze or polyacrylonitrile solution, and taking out the rigid or flexible vein displacement body after high-temperature treatment and molding;
(6) brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the adhesion part of the matrix, adhering the vein displacement body, brushing a layer of transparent bottom glaze on the body, and firing;
(7) coating surface glaze on the veins of the veins according to the color layout, firing to finish coloring, polishing and cleaning to obtain the handicraft.
2. The method for making a vegetation specimen enamel artwork according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the 3D printing thickness of the vein evanescent mode is 5-100 times of that of a shaped vein, and the printing raw material of the vein evanescent mode is polystyrene.
3. The method for making a vegetation specimen enamel artwork according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the glaze is a colored glaze, the single-coating thickness of the transparent bottom glaze is 0.2-0.8 mm, and the release agent is a graphite film, an amorphous carbon film or a graphite coating layer.
4. The method for making a vegetation specimen enamel artwork according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the firing temperature of the greenware is 1200-1400 ℃.
5. The method for making a vegetation specimen enamel artwork according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: when the slot filler of the vein female die is polyacrylonitrile solution, the high-temperature treatment method comprises the following steps:
(A) filling the slot with a polyacrylonitrile solution until the polyacrylonitrile solution is full and slightly overflows, immersing the vein female die into a solidification solution for solidification after ultrasonic degassing, wherein the solidification solution is a mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide and water or a mixed solution of dimethyl formamide and water;
(B) then, a multi-stage gradient temperature water washing step is carried out, and the content of residual solvent in the solidified body is lower than five per ten thousandth through the multi-stage gradient temperature water washing;
(C) drying and densifying the polyacrylonitrile solidified body after water washing, carrying out heat setting on the dried and densified vein displacing body in a vein female die in superheated steam to prepare a carbonized precursor, polishing the carbonized precursor in situ in the vein female die, and removing the part protruding out of the slot according to the radian of the inner surface;
(D) and (3) carrying out preoxidation treatment on the whole vein female die in a preoxidation furnace with an air atmosphere of 220-265 ℃ for 30-60 minutes, then sequentially carrying out carbonization treatment in a low-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 350-800 ℃ and a high-carbon furnace with a nitrogen atmosphere of 1100-1300 ℃, cooling and taking out carbides to obtain the flexible vein displacement body.
6. The method for making a vegetation specimen enamel artwork according to claim 5, wherein said method comprises the steps of: and (4) the vein female die prepared in the step (4) is qualified through re-inspection and then used for repeatedly preparing the vein displacement body, the specific method is that polyacrylonitrile solution is injected into the slot to be solidified, and then the polyacrylonitrile solution is directly taken out to observe the completeness of the vein details, and the vein female die with the similarity of more than 95% of the original vein can be used for subsequent repeated preparation and use.
7. The method for making a vegetation specimen enamel artwork according to claim 5, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the preparation method of the polyacrylonitrile solution comprises the following steps: fully dissolving the completely dehydrated polyacrylonitrile membrane in DMSO or DMF, adding a thickening agent, fully stirring, filtering the dissolved solution, and defoaming in a vacuum standing state to obtain a membrane-forming solution, wherein the mass concentration of the polyacrylonitrile membrane in the membrane-forming solution is 19-22 wt%, and the mass concentration of the thickening agent is 2-5 wt%.
8. The method for making a vegetation specimen enamel artwork according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: when the slot filler of the vein female die is glaze, the high-temperature treatment method comprises the following steps: filling the slot with the ground glaze until the slot is full and slightly overflows, ultrasonically degassing, firing at 850 ℃ for forming, polishing in situ in the vein concave die, removing the part protruding out of the slot according to the radian of the inner surface, and taking out to obtain the rigid vein displacement body.
9. The method for making a vegetation specimen enamel artwork according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein a sintered residue in a slot is removed by a high pressure water stream after the vein die is prepared.
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