CN111557249B - Pig breeding system utilizing microalgae breeding full-life-cycle multi-element cooperation - Google Patents

Pig breeding system utilizing microalgae breeding full-life-cycle multi-element cooperation Download PDF

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CN111557249B
CN111557249B CN202010270902.2A CN202010270902A CN111557249B CN 111557249 B CN111557249 B CN 111557249B CN 202010270902 A CN202010270902 A CN 202010270902A CN 111557249 B CN111557249 B CN 111557249B
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microalgae
area
breeding
hydrothermal carbonization
outdoor
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CN111557249A (en
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王爽
胡栓虎
李斌
蒋鼎
程晓雪
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/02Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/08Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • B08B9/087Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by methods involving the use of tools, e.g. brushes, scrapers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/20Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Abstract

The invention discloses a pig breeding system utilizing full-life-cycle multivariate cooperation of microalgae breeding, which comprises a pig breeding area, an indoor microalgae breeding area, an outdoor microalgae breeding area and a hydrothermal carbonization treatment area; the pig breeding area is provided with an excrement collecting area which is connected with an excrement storage pool; a sewage outlet of the excrement storage pool is connected with the outdoor microalgae culture area, and an excrement discharge port of the excrement storage pool is connected with the hydrothermal carbonization treatment area; the feces and the microalgae cultured in the outdoor microalgae culture area are used as raw materials for hydrothermal carbonization. The invention brings the whole life cycle of microalgae into a circulating system, not only utilizes the functional characteristics of the microalgae cultivation stage, but also realizes the high value improvement of the harvesting stage, fully utilizes the respective advantages, optimizes the pig farm environment, reduces the production cost and realizes the synergistic utilization of the microalgae and the pig farm.

Description

Pig breeding system utilizing microalgae breeding full-life-cycle multi-element cooperation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass resource utilization and ecological breeding, and particularly relates to a pig breeding system utilizing the full life cycle multivariate cooperation of microalgae breeding.
Background
In recent years, the development of pig industry makes a great contribution to ensuring the safe supply of meat products, but also brings negative problems, such as accumulation of a large amount of excrement into mountains and environmental pollution. Malodorous gas generated in pig raising places mainly contains ammonia sulfide, methane and other toxic and harmful components, which not only causes air pollution, but also directly or indirectly harms human and animal health. Some pollutants in the pig manure can not only pollute surface water through surface runoff, but also deeply pollute underground water through soil. In addition, the pig manure also contains a large amount of pathogenic bacteria, parasitic ova and other substances which are easy to increase the risk of diseases. Therefore, the key to promote the sustainable development of the breeding industry is to purify the bad gas in time and effectively treat the excrement.
Generally, pig manure is relatively complex in composition and contains proteins, fats, organic acids, cellulose, hemicellulose, inorganic salts, and the like. 80% of dry matter of the pig manure is organic matter, 27% of easily degradable organic carbon, low content of hemicellulose and cellulose, and high content of crude fat and lignin. Because the waste materials generated in the existing breeding process and the excrement of the pigs are not reasonably applied, excessive treatment is not generally carried out, the waste materials are directly abandoned or used as agricultural fertilizers after simple fermentation, so that the excessive sodium and potassium can cause the reduction of micropores and the reduction of permeability of soil through the reverse polymerization effect although the nutrient elements of the pig manure, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, are utilized, and the soil structure is damaged. In addition, the pig manure can be accumulated and fermented to produce biogas, but the influence of temperature is large, the problem of heavy metal residue is difficult to solve, and secondary pollution is avoided.
The characteristics of the microalgae which is used as a third-generation biofuel raw material are widely concerned, but the commercial value of the microalgae is limited and the microalgae is difficult to be widely used because the content of microalgae cells in culture water is low when the microalgae are harvested in a stable period, the dry mass is less than 1% of the total mass, the concentration of the microalgae water cannot be directly used, namely the microalgae can be used, most of water is usually removed, even the water is dried, and therefore more harvesting cost is generated. The defects of single utilization mode and high harvesting cost seriously limit the popularization of microalgae cultivation and utilization.
Hydrothermal carbonization is a process in which biomass is heated in water at medium temperature and high pressure to produce a thermochemical reaction to produce a char product, and is used for treating wet biomass components with high water content. The feed liquid has great relation with commercial value, if the moisture content is extremely high, the yield of the biochar is low; if the moisture content is extremely low, the reaction of the solid biomass is incomplete, and the quality of the biochar does not reach the standard. Therefore, the liquid-to-feed ratio is generally limited to a certain range. In addition, about 90% of the gas by-products in the hydrothermal carbonization process are CO2, but a small amount of CO, CH4 and the like are also contained, so that the direct emission can pollute the environment, and the purification of waste gas needs additional cost and is not beneficial to the utilization of the hydrothermal carbonization.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a pig breeding system utilizing the multivariate cooperation of the whole life cycle of microalgae breeding, the whole life cycle of microalgae is brought into a circulating system, the functional characteristics of the microalgae breeding stage are utilized, the high value improvement of the harvesting stage is realized, the respective advantages are fully utilized, the environment of a pig farm is optimized, the production cost is reduced, and the synergic utilization of the two is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a pig breeding system utilizing the full life cycle multivariate cooperation of microalgae breeding comprises a pig breeding area, an indoor microalgae breeding area, an outdoor microalgae breeding area and a hydrothermal carbonization treatment area;
the pig breeding area is provided with an excrement collecting area which is connected with an excrement storage pool; a sewage outlet of the excrement storage pool is connected with an outdoor microalgae culture area, and an excrement discharge port of the excrement storage pool is connected with a hydrothermal carbonization treatment area; the feces and the microalgae cultured in the outdoor microalgae culture area are used as raw materials for hydrothermal carbonization.
Furthermore, the indoor microalgae cultivation area is arranged at the top of the pigsty, and the air in the pigsty is purified by utilizing the indoor microalgae cultivation process, so that the oxygen content is improved.
Further, the indoor microalgae breeding area adopts the annular breeding pond hung above the pigsty, and is provided with an electric wall brush on the annular breeding pond, and the wall brush is utilized to stir the algae liquid and clean the wall surface of the indoor microalgae breeding pond.
Furthermore, the annular culture pond is connected with the hydrothermal carbonization treatment area, and water phase products after hydrothermal carbonization treatment are cooled to provide water for the microalgae in the annular culture pond.
Furthermore, the outdoor microalgae culture area comprises an outdoor microalgae culture pond arranged outside the pigsty, and sewage in the excrement storage pond is used as growth liquid of microalgae in the outdoor microalgae culture pond, so that nutrients are provided for microalgae growth, and the sewage can be primarily purified.
Furthermore, the microalgae cultured in the outdoor microalgae culture pond or the indoor microalgae culture area can be used as an auxiliary material for breeding pigs.
Further, the hydrothermal carbonization treatment area comprises a hydrothermal carbonization furnace, an exhaust port of the hydrothermal carbonization furnace is connected with the outdoor microalgae culture pond, and waste gas generated by hydrothermal liquefaction is absorbed by utilizing the growth process of microalgae in the outdoor microalgae culture pond.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the requirements of hydrothermal carbonization raw materials are met: hydrothermal carbonization requires a certain ratio of water to dry material to achieve the best reaction benefit. During single hydrothermal carbonization, the pig manure needs to be supplemented with water, and the water content of the microalgae needs to be reduced due to low concentration. Therefore, the pig manure is cooperated with the microalgae for hydrothermal carbonization, so that the water demand balance of the pig manure and the microalgae is met, and the cost for removing the water of the microalgae is eliminated.
2. The pig manure is cooperated with microalgae for cleaning and recycling: in the novel pig-raising ecological farm, algae water and pig manure are mixed to balance the water demand, and then the hydrothermal carbonization device can be used for producing biochar without any pretreatment process, so that the time of the whole process flow is shortened, and the raw material treatment cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the gas by-product contains a small amount of harmful substances, and the pig manure is cleaned and reused after being absorbed and purified by the microalgae.
3. The full life cycle of microalgae is utilized for multiple purposes: the microalgae cultivation device is used in a pig farm, and during the cultivation stage, firstly, the air in the pig farm is purified, secondly, the microalgae cultivation device is used for sewage purification, and thirdly, a small amount of toxic gas in hydrothermal carbonization gas-phase products is absorbed; during the harvesting stage, one is used as a feed blend and the other is used as one of the hydrothermal carbonization raw materials. The method has great effect on improving the environment of a pig farm and greatly improves the utilization degree of microalgae.
4. And (3) water phase pollution-free circulation: water in the microalgae culture device returns to the microalgae culture device after the hydrothermal carbonization process, so that the circulation of a water phase is realized. In addition, in the circulation process, due to the action of hydrothermal carbonization, not only are pathogenic bacteria and wastewater pollutants eliminated, but also pollution-free circulation of a water phase is realized, and some nutrient substances of the pig manure are reserved, so that the growth of microalgae is facilitated.
5. In conclusion, the method comprehensively considers the characteristics of the pig manure and the microalgae, applies the pig manure and the microalgae to a hydrothermal carbonization technology to obtain the biochar with high added value, is combined with a microalgae cultivation device, realizes the purification of gas and pollution-free circulation of a water phase, has less overall steps of the system, high utilization rate, high cleaning degree and reasonable structure, realizes the resource synergistic utilization of the pig manure and the microalgae while fully utilizing the environmental benefits of the microalgae to solve the environmental problems of a pig farm, and has higher cost benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a farming system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a pigsty;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the system operation;
in the figure, 1, a piggery, 2, a pig breeding area, 3, a support frame, 4, an indoor microalgae culture pond, 5, a wall brush, 6, an illumination system, 7, a signal line, 8, a controller, 9, a feces storage pond, 10, an outdoor microalgae culture pond, 11 and a hydrothermal carbonization furnace.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a pig breeding system utilizing the full-life-cycle multivariate cooperation of microalgae breeding is characterized in that a pig breeding area, an indoor microalgae breeding area, an outdoor microalgae breeding area and a hydrothermal carbonization treatment area are arranged in a pig house 1;
the ground in the pig house 1 is divided into a plurality of pig breeding areas 2, each pig breeding area 2 comprises a bottom plate, an excrement collecting area is arranged between each bottom plate and the ground right below the bottom plate, a plurality of discharge ports are formed in each bottom plate, and excrement of pigs can fall into the excrement collecting area from the discharge ports under the flushing of personnel; the excrement collecting area is connected with the excrement storage pool 9 through a discharge pipeline, excrement naturally settles in the excrement storage pool 9, a sewage discharge port on the upper layer of the excrement storage pool 9 is connected with the outdoor microalgae culture pool 10, and sewage in the middle layer of the excrement storage pool 9 is input into the outdoor microalgae culture pool 10; so as to realize solid-liquid separation of the settled mixed solution (separation of solid substances such as pig manure and the like in the sewage and liquid substances such as pig urine and the like), wherein the water content of the bottom layer of the pig manure after the solid-liquid separation reaches more than 70 percent, a sewage outlet at the lower layer of the manure storage pool 9 is connected with a feed inlet of the hydrothermal carbonization furnace 11, and the bottom layer of the pig manure is input into the hydrothermal carbonization furnace 11 to be used as one of raw materials for hydrothermal carbonization;
the outdoor microalgae culture pond 10 is arranged outside the pigsty 1, and proper amount of water, algae seeds (such as scenedesmus obliquus) and microalgae culture medium (such as BG-11 culture medium) are added into the outdoor microalgae culture pond 10 and stirred on time, so that the microalgae can grow normally; the outdoor microalgae culture pond 10 of the invention utilizes the sewage discharged from the pigsty 1 to provide nutrients for microalgae in the growth stage, thereby continuously absorbing organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances in the sewage, preliminarily purifying the sewage discharged from the pigsty 1, and reducing the indexes of pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen and the like in the sewage. The microalgae outlet of the outdoor microalgae culture pond 10 is connected with the feed inlet of the hydrothermal carbonization furnace 11; the dry mass of the microalgae in the harvesting stage is only less than 1% of the total mass, so that the microalgae and the bottom layer pig manure are used as raw materials for hydrothermal carbonization; microalgae can be used as a high-protein product and can also be used as a feed for breeding pigs to provide high-protein nutrition; in the harvesting stage, part of microalgae algae water is taken and used for mixing pig feed after drying (natural air drying or drying) or liquid high-temperature sterilization, and the mixing ratio can reach 1:1 at most.
By controlling the feeding speed, the mixing mass ratio of the pig manure and the microalgae entering the hydrothermal carbonization furnace 11 is kept to be 1 (0.5-2), hydrothermal carbonization is carried out in the hydrothermal carbonization furnace 11, the reaction conditions are that the temperature is 150-350 ℃, the pressure is 5-20 MPa, and the reaction time is set to be 60-150 min. And performing hydrothermal carbonization treatment to obtain liquid phase, gas phase and solid phase products, inputting the gas phase products into the outdoor microalgae culture pond 10, and absorbing the gas phase products generated by hydrothermal carbonization by using microalgae again. Extracting and separating the liquid phase product to obtain an oil phase product and a water phase product, inputting the water phase product into the outdoor microalgae culture pond 10 and the indoor microalgae culture pond 4 to be used as a raw material for microalgae culture again, and realizing water circulation; and storing the oil phase product. The solid phase product is the biochar.
The indoor microalgae culture pond 4 is arranged at the top of the pigsty, the indoor microalgae culture pond 4 is an annular culture pond with an upper opening, and the indoor microalgae culture pond 4 is arranged around the inner wall of the pigsty; the indoor microalgae culture pond 4 is supported by a plurality of vertical support frames 3; indoor little algae breed pond 4 adopts transparent material, like ya keli material etc. avoids indoor little algae breed pond 4 to shelter from indoor light, and the bottom in indoor little algae breed pond 4 scribbles the total reflection membrane simultaneously in order to improve indoor little algae breed pond 4's illumination utilization ratio. In order to clean the indoor microalgae culture pond 4, a slide rail parallel to the indoor microalgae culture pond 4 is arranged above the indoor microalgae culture pond 4; install mural brush 5 on this slide rail is supporting, the gyro wheel of this mural brush 5 upper end cooperatees with the slide rail, can drive mural brush 5 through the supporting motor of gyro wheel and remove along annular indoor little algae breed pond 4 to the realization stirs and clean the wall of indoor little algae breed pond 4 to the algae liquid in the indoor little algae breed pond 4, and then the dissolved oxygen volume of increase algae liquid need not to set up air pump or agitating unit again, energy saving consumption. In addition, a water inlet and a water outlet are further formed in the indoor microalgae culture pond 4, and valves are arranged on the water inlet and the water outlet to effectively adjust the water inlet and outlet amount. The reason why the indoor microalgae culture pond 4 is arranged in the pigsty 1 is that bad smell including feces and volatile and nonvolatile organic alcohol, acid, aldehyde, ester, amine, sulfide and the like generated by fermentation of the feces exists in the pigsty 1, and microalgae in the indoor microalgae culture pond 4 are utilized to treat CO in the air of the pigsty 12And gases such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are effectively adsorbed, and the growth of the microalgae is promoted.
The top of the pigsty is also evenly provided with an illuminating system 6, the illuminating system 6 is utilized to provide illumination for the pigsty 1 on one hand, and auxiliary illumination is provided for the growth of microalgae on the other hand, the illuminating system 6 and various pumps, valves and a hydrothermal carbonization furnace 11 in the whole system are connected with a controller 8 through a signal line 7, and the controller 8 is used for controlling the electric work start and stop of the whole system, so that automatic control is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, in the pig breeding system with the full-life-cycle multivariate cooperation of microalgae breeding designed by the present invention, in the stage of microalgae breeding, the indoor microalgae breeding pond 4 can purify the air in the pig house 1, and the outdoor microalgae breeding pond 10 can purify the wastewater discharged from the pig house 1, and can also absorb a small amount of toxic gas in the hydrothermal carbonization gas-phase product; in the microalgae harvesting stage, the mature microalgae can be used as a feed mixture on one hand and as one of raw materials for hydrothermal carbonization on the other hand, so that the advanced treatment of the pig manure is realized.
The microalgae cultured in the indoor microalgae culture pond 4 and the outdoor microalgae culture pond 10 can be used as raw materials for hydrothermal carbonization and pig feed, and are not limited to the design forms of the above embodiments.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the design idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the principles and concepts disclosed herein are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A pig breeding system utilizing the full-life-cycle multivariate cooperation of microalgae breeding is characterized by comprising a pig breeding area (2), an indoor microalgae breeding area, an outdoor microalgae breeding area and a hydrothermal carbonization treatment area;
the pig breeding area (2) is provided with an excrement collecting area which is connected with an excrement storage pool (9); a sewage outlet of the excrement storage tank (9) is connected with an outdoor microalgae culture area, and an excrement discharge port of the excrement storage tank (9) is connected with a hydrothermal carbonization treatment area; taking the feces and the microalgae cultured in the outdoor microalgae culture area as raw materials for hydrothermal carbonization; the indoor microalgae culture area adopts an annular culture pond hung above the pigsty (1); an electric wall brush (5) is arranged on the annular culture pond, the algae liquid is stirred by the wall brush (5) and the wall surface of the indoor microalgae culture pond (4) is cleaned; the outdoor microalgae culture area comprises an outdoor microalgae culture pond (10) arranged outside the pigsty (1), and sewage in the excrement storage pond (9) is used as a growth liquid of microalgae in the outdoor microalgae culture pond (10), so that nutrients are provided for microalgae growth, and the sewage can be primarily purified; the microalgae cultured in the outdoor microalgae culture pond (10) or the indoor microalgae culture area can be used as an auxiliary material for breeding pigs.
2. The system for cultivating pigs according to claim 1, wherein the indoor microalgae cultivation area is arranged on the top of the pigsty, and the air in the pigsty (1) is purified by the indoor microalgae cultivation process to increase the oxygen content.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the annular culture pond is connected to the hydrothermal carbonization treatment area, and the water phase product after the hydrothermal carbonization treatment is cooled to provide water for the microalgae in the annular culture pond.
4. The pig breeding system utilizing the full-life-cycle multivariate synergy of microalgae breeding according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal carbonization treatment area comprises a hydrothermal carbonization furnace (11), an exhaust port of the hydrothermal carbonization furnace (11) is connected with an outdoor microalgae culture pond (10), and waste gas generated by hydrothermal carbonization is absorbed by utilizing the growth process of microalgae in the outdoor microalgae culture pond (10).
CN202010270902.2A 2020-04-08 2020-04-08 Pig breeding system utilizing microalgae breeding full-life-cycle multi-element cooperation Active CN111557249B (en)

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CN107151055A (en) * 2017-06-01 2017-09-12 中国农业大学 A kind of method that waste water of livestock poultry environment increment is utilized
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