CN111553099B - Weld grade evaluation method and evaluation system - Google Patents
Weld grade evaluation method and evaluation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111553099B CN111553099B CN202010334185.5A CN202010334185A CN111553099B CN 111553099 B CN111553099 B CN 111553099B CN 202010334185 A CN202010334185 A CN 202010334185A CN 111553099 B CN111553099 B CN 111553099B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding seam grade evaluation method and a welding seam grade evaluation system. The welding seam grade evaluation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: acquiring a strength evaluation result of the welding seam according to a first standard; dividing a plurality of stress evaluation areas of the welding seam according to the strength evaluation result and combining a second standard, and superposing all the stress evaluation areas to obtain a polishing area and a non-polishing area of the welding seam; and determining the polishing state of the welding line and the corresponding stress bearing grade according to the polishing area and the non-polishing area. The method combines two different evaluation standards, and can accurately and efficiently evaluate the stress bearing grade of the welding seam in the initial scheme design stage of the framework, thereby reducing the occurrence of human intervention and avoiding the large difference of the analysis result of the evaluation of the welding seam grade due to the individual distinction of different simulation personnel and design personnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding seam grade evaluation method and a welding seam grade evaluation system.
Background
The weld joint is a joint formed on a weldment by fusion joining a welding rod and a metal at a joint by using a high temperature of a welding heat source. After the weld metal cools, the two weldments are connected into a whole to form the weldment. According to the shape of the weld metal and the mutual positions of the weldments, the weld can be concretely divided into a butt weld, a fillet weld, a plug weld, an electric rivet weld and the like. In the selection of the welding mode of the weldment and the joint form of the weldment, corresponding selection needs to be made by referring to the quality of the welding seams on different weldments. And evaluating the weld joint grade according to the related standard requirements through the weld joint safety grade, the weld joint performance grade and the weld joint inspection grade.
At present, in the initial scheme design stage of welding lines of a bogie frame of a railway vehicle and welding parts thereof, the stress bearing grade of each key welding line under the corresponding standard load or actually measured load spectrum cannot be obtained accurately from a virtual simulation result or a bench and line test, so that the safety grade, the performance grade, the inspection grade and the like of the welding line cannot be confirmed according to the requirements in British standard EN 15085-3:2007 (Chinese name is rail application-welding of a railway vehicle and parts thereof-third part: design requirement), but whether each welding line in the frame needs polishing or not and whether other related technological means need to be adopted can be roughly judged only according to the past experience, which can lead to the fact that the conventional welding line cannot be accurately designed, and further lead to the lack of the basis for confirming the welding form of the welding line of a newly developed structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides the weld grade assessment method and the assessment system, which can accurately and efficiently assess the stress bearing grade of the weld in the initial scheme design stage of the framework, thereby reducing the occurrence of human intervention and avoiding the large difference of analysis results of the weld grade assessment due to the individual distinction of different simulation personnel and design personnel.
The invention further provides a weld grade evaluation system.
According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, a weld grade evaluation method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a strength evaluation result of the welding seam according to a first standard;
dividing a plurality of stress evaluation areas of the welding seam according to the strength evaluation result and combining a second standard, and superposing all the stress evaluation areas to obtain a polishing area and a non-polishing area of the welding seam;
and determining the polishing state of the welding line and the corresponding stress bearing grade according to the polishing area and the non-polishing area.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining the strength evaluation result of the weld according to the first criterion further includes:
performing finite element analysis on the welding seam according to the first standard to obtain average stress and dynamic stress amplitude of the welding seam;
and carrying out strength evaluation on the welding seam according to the average stress and the dynamic stress amplitude of the welding seam and the fatigue limit evaluation rule of the first standard so as to obtain a strength evaluation result of the welding seam.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing finite element analysis on the weld according to the first criterion to obtain an average stress and a dynamic stress amplitude of the weld further comprises:
obtaining the average stress sigma of the weld according to formula (1) m ：
Obtaining the dynamic stress amplitude sigma of the welding line according to the formula (2) a ：
Wherein:
σ 1 、σ 2 …σ n representing the calculated stress of the static load of the weld, n being an integer greater than 1;
σ i representing the calculated stress of the pulsating load of the weld.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing strength evaluation on the weld according to the average stress and the dynamic stress amplitude of the weld and in combination with the fatigue limit evaluation rule of the first standard to obtain a strength evaluation result of the weld further includes:
evaluating the fatigue limit diagram of the weld joint specified in the first standard as an evaluation standard of the fatigue limit evaluation rule of the first standard
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of dividing a plurality of stress evaluation areas of the weld joint according to the strength evaluation result in combination with a second standard, and overlapping all the stress evaluation areas to obtain a polished area and a non-polished area of the weld joint further includes:
according to the average stress and the dynamic stress amplitude of the welding seam and in combination with the stress level evaluation rule of the second standard, determining the corresponding relation between each stress bearing state of the welding seam and the stress factor;
dividing a plurality of stress evaluation areas of the welding seam through a Goldman equation according to the corresponding relation between each stress bearing state of the welding seam and the stress factors;
superposing all the stress evaluation areas to form a Goldman comprehensive evaluation area diagram, and determining a polishing boundary and a non-polishing boundary in the Goldman comprehensive evaluation area diagram;
and acquiring the polished area and the non-polished area of the welding seam according to the polished boundary and the non-polished boundary in the Goldman comprehensive evaluation area diagram.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the stress bearing states include a high stress state, a medium stress state, and a low stress state;
stress factor S corresponding to the high stress state 1 The method meets the following conditions: s is S 1 ≥0.9；
Stress factor S corresponding to the medium stress state 2 The method meets the following conditions: s is more than or equal to 0.75 2 ＜0.9；
Stress factor S corresponding to the low stress state 3 The method meets the following conditions: s is S 3 ＜0.75。
According to one embodiment of the invention, the stress evaluation area of several of said welds comprises:
a first region, the weld within its range being polished to a high stress bearing state, the range of the first region satisfying:
a second region, the weld within its range being sanded to a medium stress bearing condition, the range of the second region satisfying:
a third region, the weld within which is ground to a low stress load bearing condition, the third region having a range that satisfies:
a fourth region, the weld within its range not being sanded to a high stress bearing state and being sanded to a high stress bearing state, the fourth region having a range that satisfies:
a fifth region, the weld within its range not being sanded to a high stress bearing state and sanded to a medium stress bearing state, the fifth region being within its range:
a sixth region, the weld within its range not being sanded to a high stress bearing state and being sanded to a low stress bearing state, the sixth region being within its range:
a seventh region, the weld within its range not being sanded to a medium stress bearing state and being sanded to a medium stress bearing state, the seventh region having a range that satisfies:
an eighth region, the weld within its range not being sanded to a medium stress bearing state and being sanded to a low stress bearing state, the eighth region having a range that satisfies:
a ninth region, wherein the weld within the range is not ground to a low stress load bearing condition, the range of the ninth region satisfying:
wherein:
σ b representing the tensile strength of the weld corresponding material;
σ 0 indicating the allowable stress at which the weld yields relative to the material;
σ w2 representing fatigue allowable stress of the weld joint in a non-polished state;
σ w3 representing fatigue allowable stress of the weld joint in a polished state.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the first criterion is railway vehicle-bogie frame design rule and the second criterion is rail application-welding of rail vehicles and their components-third part: design requirements.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, after the step of determining the polished state of the weld and the corresponding stress bearing level according to the polished area and the non-polished area, the method further includes:
according to the structure of the welding seam, combining the first standard and the second standard, and determining the safety level of the welding seam;
according to the safety grade, the polishing state and the corresponding stress bearing grade of the welding line, and the second standard, respectively determining the welding performance grade and the inspection grade of the welding line;
and determining the joint structure of the welding piece and the welding process of the welding seam according to the structure, the safety grade, the welding performance grade and the inspection grade of the welding seam.
A system for performing the weld grade assessment method as described above according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention includes a strength assessment module, a region division module, and a stress assessment module connected in sequence;
the strength evaluation module is used for acquiring a strength evaluation result of the welding seam according to a first standard;
the region dividing module is used for dividing a plurality of stress evaluation regions of the welding seam according to the strength evaluation result and combining a second standard, and overlapping all the stress evaluation regions to obtain a polished region and a non-polished region of the welding seam;
and the stress evaluation module is used for determining the polishing state of the welding line and the corresponding stress bearing grade according to the polishing area and the non-polishing area.
The above technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:
the welding seam grade evaluation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: acquiring a strength evaluation result of the welding seam according to a first standard; dividing a plurality of stress evaluation areas of the welding seam according to the strength evaluation result and combining a second standard, and superposing all the stress evaluation areas to obtain a polishing area and a non-polishing area of the welding seam; and determining the polishing state of the welding line and the corresponding stress bearing grade according to the polishing area and the non-polishing area. The method combines two different evaluation standards, can accurately and efficiently evaluate the stress bearing grade of the welding line in the initial stage of the structural design of the framework, so that the grinding amount of the welding line of the conventional bogie welding structure can be judged and reduced to a certain extent, the welding performance grade and the inspection grade of the welding line with lower bearing stress can be reduced, the production cost can be effectively controlled, the production efficiency is improved, and the method accords with the concept of lean research and development.
Furthermore, the method can accurately provide the stress bearing grades of the welding lines before and after polishing according to the strength evaluation structure of the welding lines, thereby being convenient for confirming whether the current welding lines need polishing, the stress bearing states before and after polishing, the safety grade of the welding lines, the welding performance grade, the inspection grade and the like according to the welding structure type, the operability and the safety grade, and rapidly realizing the design evaluation of the welding lines, leading the whole design process to be according to the following, reducing the occurrence of human intervention conditions and avoiding the different analysis results caused by individual differences of different simulation personnel and design personnel.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a step frame diagram of a weld grade assessment method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a Goldman comprehensive evaluation area provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a weld grade assessment method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in embodiments of the present invention will be understood in detail by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly specified and limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" on a second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the weld grade assessment method (may be simply referred to as a method in this embodiment) according to the present invention at least includes the following steps:
n1: acquiring a strength evaluation result of the welding seam according to a first standard;
n2: dividing stress evaluation areas of a plurality of welding seams by combining a second standard according to the strength evaluation result, and superposing all the stress evaluation areas to obtain a polished area and a non-polished area of the welding seams;
and N3: and determining the polishing state of the welding line and the corresponding stress bearing grade according to the polishing area and the non-polishing area.
It will be appreciated that the first standard described in this embodiment is the JIS-E-4207 standard, preferably the JIS-E-4207:2004 standard (Chinese name: railway vehicle-truck frame design rule), which includes at least the relevant specifications for the sanding requirements for the weld bead. The second standard of the present embodiment is the EN-15085-3 standard, preferably the EN-15085-3:2007 standard (chinese name: rail application-welding of rail vehicles and their components-third part: design requirements), which includes at least the stress factor and the goodman Haigh chart model for modifying the stress factor.
The method of the embodiment can combine the two standards with different evaluation contents, so that the stress bearing grade of the welding line can be accurately and efficiently evaluated at the initial stage of the design of the framework structure, the grinding amount of the welding line of the conventional bogie welding structure can be judged and reduced to a certain extent, the welding performance grade and the inspection grade of the welding line with lower bearing stress can be reduced, the production cost can be effectively controlled, the production efficiency is improved, and the concept of lean research and development is met.
In one embodiment, the step N1 further includes:
n11: performing finite element analysis on the weld according to a first standard to obtain the average stress sigma of the weld m And dynamic stress amplitude sigma a ；
N12: and according to the average stress and the dynamic stress amplitude of the welding seam, carrying out strength evaluation on the welding seam by combining with a fatigue limit evaluation rule of a first standard so as to obtain a strength evaluation result of the welding seam.
In the step 11, a finite element model is first built for the weld, and the finite element model is subjected to strength simulation analysis according to a first standard, so as to obtain a simulation stress data result, namely an average stress sigma of the weld m And dynamic stress amplitude sigma a So that the average stress sigma of the weld joint m And dynamic stress amplitude sigma a The abscissa and the ordinate of each set of weld points in the Goldman comprehensive evaluation region diagram described below are constructed.
Specifically, the method described in this embodiment determines the average stress σ of the weld by finite element analysis and stress calculation m And dynamic stress amplitude sigma a . The stress calculation is to calculate the stress when the static load and the dynamic load are loaded on the framework according to the type of the weld load, and divide the stress into an average stress and a dynamic stress amplitude for synthesis.
The step N1 includes a stress synthesis process. Wherein the average stress sigma m Refers to the static load sigma n Respectively calculating algebraic sums of the stresses at the weld joints; if there is a pulsating load sigma i When it is the average stress sigma m Refers to the pulsating load stress sigma i 1/2 of (d) and static load stress sigma n And (3) summing. I.e. step N1 further comprises:
obtaining the average stress sigma of the weld according to formula (1) m ：
Obtaining the dynamic stress amplitude sigma of the welding line according to the formula (2) a ：
Wherein:
σ m represents the average stress of the weld in MPa (megapascals);
σ a the dynamic stress amplitude of the welding line is expressed in MPa;
σ 1 、σ 2 …σ n the calculation stress of the static load of the welding line is expressed in MPa, and n is an integer greater than 1;
σ i the calculated stress, expressed in MPa, representing the pulsating load of the weld.
It will be appreciated that the finite element analysis described in this embodiment is performed by finite element analysis software, such as HyperMesh software; the finite element analysis process can divide the finite element grids by means of the CAD model of the product structure, and the load and the working condition of the welding line are established according to the first standard, so that more accurate intensity calculation is performed.
In the step N12, the simulated stress data result is mapped to the first standard, so as to determine a fatigue limit boundary equation of the weld, so that the obtained simulated stress data result is subjected to region determination through the fatigue limit boundary equation, and thus whether the weld needs polishing or not and the stress bearing grade after polishing can be determined according to the stress grade division of the weld.
It is understood that the evaluation criterion of the fatigue limit evaluation rule of the first standard is a fatigue limit diagram of the weld, and the strength of the weld is evaluated with the fatigue limit diagram of the weld specified in the first standard as the evaluation criterion of the fatigue limit evaluation rule of the first standard.
In one embodiment, the step N2 further includes:
n21: according to the average stress and the dynamic stress amplitude of the welding seam and in combination with a stress level evaluation rule of a second standard, determining the corresponding relation between each stress bearing state of the welding seam and the stress factor;
n22: dividing a plurality of stress evaluation areas of the welding seam through a Goldman equation according to the corresponding relation between each stress bearing state of the welding seam and the stress factor;
n23: superposing all the stress evaluation areas to form a Goldman comprehensive evaluation area diagram, and determining a polishing boundary and a non-polishing boundary in the Goldman comprehensive evaluation area diagram;
n24: and acquiring the polished area and the non-polished area of the welding line according to the polished boundary and the non-polished boundary in the Goldman comprehensive evaluation area diagram.
Further, according to the corresponding relation between the stress factor and the stress bearing state of the welding line in the second standard, the stress bearing grade of the welding line is determined according to the stress factor S. The stress factor S refers to the ratio of the calculated fatigue stress to the fatigue allowable stress for the type of joint to which the weld corresponds. The step N21 further includes:
the stress bearing state of the weld joint comprises a high stress state, a medium stress state and a low stress state; wherein:
stress factor S corresponding to high stress state welding line 1 The method meets the following conditions: s is S 1 ≥0.9；
Stress factor S corresponding to welding line in medium stress state 2 The method meets the following conditions: s is more than or equal to 0.75 2 ＜0.9；
Stress factor S corresponding to low stress state weld 3 The method meets the following conditions: s is S 3 ＜0.75。
Further, after the corresponding relation between each stress bearing state of the weld joint and the stress factor is determined in the step N21, the fatigue limit boundary equation of the weld joint in different stress bearing states can be determined in the step N22, so as to form a goodman comprehensive evaluation area diagram, and the grinding boundary and the non-grinding boundary are determined in the goodman comprehensive evaluation area diagram. And carrying out region judgment on the polished region and the non-polished region according to the Goldman comprehensive evaluation region diagram, and further determining whether the welding line needs to be polished or not and determining the polished stress bearing grade according to the division of the stress bearing grade.
Specifically, the steps according to the above steps N22, N23 and N24 further include: after the region overlapping treatment, the Goldman comprehensive evaluation region comprises the following nine stress evaluation regions, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the welding seam in the range of the first area is polished to be in a high-stress bearing state, and the range of the first area meets the following conditions:
and the welding line in the range of the second area is polished to be in a medium-stress bearing state, and the range of the second area meets the following conditions:
and a third region, wherein the welding line in the range is polished to be in a low-stress bearing state, and the range of the third region meets the following conditions:
and a fourth region, the weld within the fourth region not being polished to a high stress bearing state and being polished to a high stress bearing state, the fourth region having a range that satisfies:
a fifth region, the range of which is free from being ground to a high stress bearing state and ground to a medium stress bearing state, the range of the fifth region satisfying:
a sixth region, the weld within the range of which is not ground to a high stress bearing state and is ground to a low stress bearing state, the range of the sixth region satisfying:
a seventh region, the weld within its range not being sanded to a medium stress bearing state and being sanded to a medium stress bearing state, the range of the seventh region satisfying:
an eighth region, the range of welds within which is not ground to a medium stress bearing state and is ground to a low stress bearing state, the range of the eighth region satisfying:
a ninth region, the range of which is free from grinding to a low stress load bearing state, the range of the ninth region satisfying:
in all the formulas above:
σ b the tensile strength of the material corresponding to the welding line is expressed in MPa;
σ 0 the allowable stress of the weld relative to the yield of the material in MPa;
σ w2 the fatigue allowable stress of the weld joint in the state of not polishing is expressed in MPa;
σ w3 the fatigue allowable stress of the weld joint in the polished state is expressed in MPa.
As shown in fig. 2, according to the fatigue limit boundary equation of each stress evaluation region (the equation set of each stress evaluation region, i.e., equation (3) to equation (11)), each intersection point obtained by combining the points P1 to P20, which are each a fatigue limit boundary equation, and the abscissa and the ordinate, is shown in fig. 2, wherein the line P7P8 intersects the line P1P13, the line P1P11, the line P1P9, the line P4P10, the line P4P12, and the line P4P14 in order at the point P7, the point P17, the point P15, the point P18, the point P19, and the point P8, respectively, with the two points being a boundary line; line P5P6 intersects line P1P11, line P1P9, line P4P10, and line P4P12, respectively, at point P5, point P16, point P20, and point P6, in that order.
Then, as can be seen from the above formulas (3) to (11), fig. 2 shows:
the first region is a region surrounded by lines P7P17, P17P11, P11P12, P12P19, P19P8, P8P14, P14P13, and P13P 7.
The second region is a region surrounded by lines P17P15, P15P9, P9P10, P10P18, P18P19, P19P12, P12P11, and P11P 17.
The third region is a region surrounded by the lines P15P18, P18P10, P10P9, and P9P 15.
The fourth region is the union of the region surrounded by the lines P1P7, P7P17 and P17P1 and the region surrounded by the lines P4P8, P8P19 and P19P 4.
The fifth region is a union of the region surrounded by the lines P5P16, P16P15, P15P17 and P17P5 and the region surrounded by the lines P18P19, P19P6, P6P20 and P20P 18.
The sixth region is a region surrounded by the lines P15P16, P16P20, P20P18, and P18P 15.
The seventh region is the union of the region surrounded by the lines P1P5, P5P16 and P16P1 and the region surrounded by the lines P4P6, P6P20 and P20P 4.
The eighth region is a region surrounded by the line P2P3, the line P3P20, the line P20P16, and the line P16P 2.
The ninth region is a region surrounded by the line P1P2, the line P2P3, the line P3P4, and the abscissa axis.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the line P13P14 is a ground boundary line, and the line P7P8 is a non-ground boundary line. When the simulation stress data of the welding line are as follows: the weld being at average stress sigma m In the range of-220 MPa < sigma- m Less than or equal to 270Mpa and dynamic stress amplitude sigma a The range of (2) is 70MPa or lessσ a When the pressure is less than or equal to 110Mpa, the welding seam needs to be polished, namely the region is a polished region, and the rest is a non-polished region.
In one embodiment, the actual stress analysis result of the welding seam is mapped in the Goldman comprehensive evaluation area diagram through the step N3, whether the welding seam needs to be polished or not is determined according to whether the area where the stress analysis result of the welding seam is located is a polished area, and the stress bearing grade of the welding seam is compared and judged.
In one embodiment, after the step N3, the method further includes:
n4: according to the structure of the welding seam, combining the first standard and the second standard, and determining the safety grade of the welding seam;
n5: according to the safety level, the polishing state and the corresponding stress bearing level of the welding line, and combining with a second standard, respectively determining the welding performance level and the inspection level of the welding line;
n6: and determining the joint structure of the welding piece and the welding process of the welding seam according to the structure, the safety grade, the performance grade and the inspection grade of the welding seam.
In the step N4, the safety level of the weld seam is defined as the following classes according to the difference of the weld seam structure in the first standard and the second standard:
the safety level is low: fatigue of the welded joint cannot cause any direct damage to the overall function of the system, and a major event of personal injury is unlikely to be caused;
security level: failure of the welded joint results in a weakening of the overall system function or may cause personal injury events;
high safety grade: failure of the welded joint results in significant events of personal injury and reduced overall system function.
It will be appreciated that for a better determination of the security level, the content of annex G with reference to the second standard EN-15085-3 should also be considered if necessary.
In the above step N5, the welding performance grade of the weld is shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 table of the correspondence between the welding performance level and the stress bearing level of the weld
In the above steps N5 and N6, the corresponding relations among the weld stress level, the safety level, the welding performance level, and the inspection level are shown in table 2.
Table 2 table of correspondence between weld stress bearing level, safety level, welding performance level, and inspection level
| Stress level | Security level | Welding performance grade | Grade of inspection |
| High height | High height | CP A | CT1 |
| High height | In (a) | CP B | CT2 |
| High height | Low and low | CP C2 | CT3 |
| In (a) | High height | CP B | CT2 |
| In (a) | In (a) | CP C2 | CT3 |
| In (a) | Low and low | CP C3 | CT4 |
| Low and low | High height | CP C1 | CT2 |
| Low and low | In (a) | CP C3 | CT4 |
| Low and low | Low and low | CP D | CT4 |
Where CP denotes the weld performance rating of the weld, where A, B, C, C2, C3 and D are the corresponding weld performance rating designations, respectively. CT1, CT2, CT3, CT4 represent four inspection levels of the weld, respectively. Reference may be made in particular to the second and third criteria regarding the welding performance level and the inspection level.
Therefore, through the subsequent steps N4 to N6, the welding part joint structure and the welding process of the welding seam which are evaluated at present can be accurately judged, and the judging result meets the requirements of related welding standards.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not limiting of the present invention. While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and it is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A weld grade assessment method, comprising:
acquiring a strength evaluation result of the welding seam according to a first standard;
dividing a plurality of stress evaluation areas of the welding seam according to the strength evaluation result and combining a second standard, and superposing all the stress evaluation areas to obtain a polishing area and a non-polishing area of the welding seam;
determining the polishing state of the welding line and the corresponding stress bearing grade according to the polishing area and the non-polishing area;
the step of dividing a plurality of stress evaluation areas of the welding seam according to the strength evaluation result and combining a second standard, and superposing all the stress evaluation areas to obtain a polished area and a non-polished area of the welding seam further comprises the steps of:
according to the average stress and the dynamic stress amplitude of the welding seam and in combination with the stress level evaluation rule of the second standard, determining the corresponding relation between each stress bearing state of the welding seam and the stress factor;
dividing a plurality of stress evaluation areas of the welding seam through a Goldman equation according to the corresponding relation between each stress bearing state of the welding seam and the stress factors;
superposing all the stress evaluation areas to form a Goldman comprehensive evaluation area diagram, and determining a polishing boundary and a non-polishing boundary in the Goldman comprehensive evaluation area diagram;
acquiring a polished area and a non-polished area of the welding seam according to the polished boundary and the non-polished boundary in the Goldman comprehensive evaluation area diagram;
wherein the stress bearing state comprises a high stress state, a medium stress state and a low stress state;
stress factor S corresponding to the high stress state 1 The method meets the following conditions: s is S 1 ≥0.9；
Stress factor S corresponding to the medium stress state 2 The method meets the following conditions: s is more than or equal to 0.75 2 ＜0.9；
Stress factor S corresponding to the low stress state 3 The method meets the following conditions: s is S 3 ＜0.75。
2. The weld grade evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the strength evaluation result of the weld according to the first criterion further comprises:
performing finite element analysis on the welding seam according to the first standard to obtain average stress and dynamic stress amplitude of the welding seam;
and carrying out strength evaluation on the welding seam according to the average stress and the dynamic stress amplitude of the welding seam and the fatigue limit evaluation rule of the first standard so as to obtain a strength evaluation result of the welding seam.
3. The weld grade assessment method of claim 2, wherein the step of performing a finite element analysis on the weld according to the first criteria to obtain an average stress and a dynamic stress amplitude of the weld further comprises:
obtaining the average stress sigma of the weld according to formula (1) m ：
Obtaining the dynamic stress amplitude sigma of the welding line according to the formula (2) a ：
Wherein:
σ 1 、σ 2 …σ n representing the calculated stress of the static load of the weld, n being an integer greater than 1;
σ i representing the calculated stress of the pulsating load of the weld.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of performing strength evaluation on the weld in accordance with the average stress and dynamic stress amplitude of the weld in combination with the fatigue limit evaluation rule of the first standard to obtain the strength evaluation result of the weld further comprises:
and evaluating the weld fatigue limit diagram specified in the first standard as an evaluation standard of the fatigue limit evaluation rule of the first standard.
5. The weld grade assessment method of claim 1, wherein the number of stress assessment areas of the weld comprises:
a first region, the weld within its range being polished to a high stress bearing state, the range of the first region satisfying:
a second region, the weld within its range being sanded to a medium stress bearing condition, the range of the second region satisfying:
a third region, the weld within which is ground to a low stress load bearing condition, the third region having a range that satisfies:
a fourth region, the weld within its range not being sanded to a high stress bearing state and being sanded to a high stress bearing state, the fourth region having a range that satisfies:
a fifth region, the weld within its range not being sanded to a high stress bearing state and sanded to a medium stress bearing state, the fifth region being within its range:
a sixth region, the weld within its range not being sanded to a high stress bearing state and being sanded to a low stress bearing state, the sixth region being within its range:
a seventh region, the weld within its range not being sanded to a medium stress bearing state and being sanded to a medium stress bearing state, the seventh region having a range that satisfies:
an eighth region, the weld within its range not being sanded to a medium stress bearing state and being sanded to a low stress bearing state, the eighth region having a range that satisfies:
a ninth region, wherein the weld within the range is not ground to a low stress load bearing condition, the range of the ninth region satisfying:
wherein:
σ b representing the tensile strength of the weld corresponding material;
σ 0 indicating the allowable stress at which the weld yields relative to the material;
σ w2 representing fatigue allowable stress of the weld joint in a non-polished state;
σ w3 representing fatigue allowable stress of the weld joint in a polished state.
6. The weld grade assessment method of claim 1, wherein the first criterion is railway vehicle-bogie frame rules of design and the second criterion is rail application-welding of rail vehicles and components thereof-third part: design requirements.
7. The weld grade assessment method of any of claims 1-6, wherein after the step of determining the sanded condition and corresponding stress bearing grade of the weld from the sanded area and the non-sanded area, further comprising:
according to the structure of the welding seam, combining the first standard and the second standard, and determining the safety level of the welding seam;
according to the safety grade, the polishing state and the corresponding stress bearing grade of the welding line, and the second standard, respectively determining the welding performance grade and the inspection grade of the welding line;
and determining the joint structure of the welding piece and the welding process of the welding seam according to the structure, the safety grade, the welding performance grade and the inspection grade of the welding seam.
8. A weld grade assessment system for performing the weld grade assessment method of any one of claims 1-7; the welding seam grade evaluation system comprises an intensity evaluation module, a region division module and a stress evaluation module which are connected in sequence;
the strength evaluation module is used for acquiring a strength evaluation result of the welding seam according to a first standard;
the region dividing module is used for dividing a plurality of stress evaluation regions of the welding seam according to the strength evaluation result and combining a second standard, and overlapping all the stress evaluation regions to obtain a polished region and a non-polished region of the welding seam;
and the stress evaluation module is used for determining the polishing state of the welding line and the corresponding stress bearing grade according to the polishing area and the non-polishing area.
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