CN111522071A - Bulk deposition layer density measuring method based on bulk sample method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a loose sedimentary deposit density measuring method based on a bulk sample method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring basic information, distribution areas and ranges of different types of loose sedimentary layers in a working area to be researched; selecting the sampling quantity of each loose deposition layer and the position of each sampling point according to the distribution area and the range size of different types of loose deposition layers; according to the position information of each sampling point, carrying out field sampling work to obtain hexahedral sampling pits and all substances in the pits; measuring side length information used for volume calculation and the weight of all substances obtained after sampling in the hexahedron sampling pit based on the hexahedron of the sampling pit; and calculating the density of the loose settled layer at the sampling point based on a preset formula according to the side length information of the sampling pit and the obtained weights of all the substances. The method does not need to make strict requirements on the geometric shape of the sampling pit, avoids errors caused by inaccurate volume calculation of the sampling pit, and enables the measured density result to be more real and accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a loose sedimentary deposit density measuring method based on a bulk sample method.
Background
The gravity exploration is a geophysical exploration method which is used for finding out underground geological structures and finding energy sources for useful mineral resources by observing and researching the change rule of a natural gravity field on the basis of the density difference between different rocks (ores) in the crust. With the progress of the technology, the precision of the gravity survey technology is higher and higher, the application field is wider and wider, and correspondingly, the precision requirement on the known conditions is higher and higher.
In the gravity exploration work, a great deal of work is needed to measure the density of various strata and rocks (ores) exposed in a working area to serve as a known condition, and a foundation is laid for subsequent research work. The method is used for accurately measuring the density value of the loose sedimentary deposit, is an important component of density measurement work, has very important significance on correction, processing, inversion, explanation and research and the like of gravity data, and directly influences the accuracy and correctness of a final exploration result if the density values of various stratums and rocks (ores) are measured accurately. Thus, the specification requires that the mean square error of densitometry be better than. + -. 0.02g/cm3。
When the density of compact rock (ore) is measured, firstly, a certain amount of samples are respectively collected in the field according to the types of the rock (ore), the samples are measured by a method which is favorable for weighing by a balance and measuring the volume by measuring cylinder drainage indoors, then, the samples are classified for statistical analysis, and the density of the samples can be directly measured by various density measuring instruments at present. The structure of the compact rock (ore) specimen cannot be changed, so that measurement can be repeated, and measurement errors can be calculated. Different from the dense rock (ore) density measurement method, the structure of the loose sedimentary deposit is changed after excavation, so that the density value can be calculated only by measuring the volume of the sampling pit, and the density of the loose sedimentary deposit can be measured only in situ.
In various gravity specification regulations, no specific practice is given for the bulk sample method, but a certain volume of a loose sedimentary deposit sample is directly taken out according to a regular shape, the weight is measured, and the density is calculated by using the following formula.
Wherein: p is the weight of the bulk sample and V is the volume of the bulk sample.
Meanwhile, the specification suggests: when the bulk sedimentary deposit density is measured by a bulk sampling method, the sampling volume is moderate, and is preferably 0.5m multiplied by 0.5 m.
The density of the loose settled layer is measured by the large sample method in the field work at present. The method comprises the following steps:
in field work, a cuboid digging method is adopted when a large sample is dug, namely, a surface loose layer is peeled and flattened at a sampling point, then a standard cuboid (as shown in figure 1) with the square of about 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m is dug, the dug substances are respectively weighed while digging, after digging, the length (L), the width (W) and the depth (H) of the cuboid are measured, and the density of the loose deposition layer is directly calculated by the following formula.
Wherein: Σ P is the sum of the weights of all excavated materials in the cuboid.
The sampling method for the large sample is quite simple and convenient, and the result can be obtained through simple calculation on site, so the method is a method for measuring the density of a loose sedimentary layer which is generally adopted in the field work of gravity.
However, this method has a significant problem in that strict requirements are imposed on the shape of the sampling pit, and the shape must be a standard rectangular parallelepiped. However, in field work, especially in arid northwest areas, the loose sediment layer has low water content, high sand content and loose structure, so that the sample is usually trimmed and collapsed in the process of digging a large sample, and finally, a long time is taken, and the dug sampling pit is usually an irregular hexahedron similar to a cuboid, as shown in fig. 2.
The irregular hexahedron is generally large at the top and small at the bottom, so that the volume (V) calculated by calculating the length and width measured at the openingComputing) Volume (V) of irregular hexahedron sampling pit than actual diggingPractice of) Is large, resulting in a final calculated bulk deposition density that is less than its actual density.
Through a large number of practical field investigations, it was found that the sampling pit, even if carefully trimmed, hardly reached the standard cuboid morphology, using the calculated volume (V)Computing) And the actual volume of the sample well (V)Practice of) Calculating density values respectively, and finding that the error is often smaller than 0.1-0.2 g/cm3And in some cases even larger, this is typically between 1.6 and 2.2g/cm3The relative error of the density values of the loose deposition layers is generally larger than 7-10% and even larger, which cannot be tolerated.
It should be noted that the error is the result obtained under the very serious working condition when the problem is researched, and in the general productive field gravity exploration work, because the large sample method is very simple, the work is basically not done as technical work but is completed as simple physical labor, so the actual error is often larger, and the large sample method has the characteristic of unrepeatable measurement, lacks quality inspection, and what is measured. This is also a significant reason why it is often seen in actual loose deposit density measurements that some density values are significantly smaller than the normal range, or even that extremely unreasonable data is present.
Therefore, how to obtain the accurate density of the loose deposition layer based on the bulk method becomes a problem that must be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring the density of a loose deposition layer based on a large sample method, which does not need to make strict requirements on the geometric shape of a sampling pit, avoids errors caused by inaccurate volume calculation of the sampling pit, enables the measured density result to be more real and accurate, and can improve the field working efficiency and reduce the working strength.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a loose sedimentary deposit density measuring method based on a bulk sample method, which comprises the following steps:
101. acquiring basic information, distribution areas and range information of the distribution areas of different types of loose deposition layers in a working area to be researched;
102. selecting the sampling quantity of each loose deposition layer and the position of each sampling point according to the basic information, the distribution area and the range information of the distribution area of different types of loose deposition layers;
103. according to the position information of each sampling point, carrying out field sampling work to obtain hexahedral sampling pits and all substances in the pits;
104. measuring side length information used for volume calculation and the weight of all substances obtained after sampling in the hexahedron sampling pit based on the hexahedron of the sampling pit;
105. and calculating the density of the loose settled layer at the sampling point based on a preset formula according to the side length information of the sampling pit and the obtained weights of all the substances.
Optionally, the basic information of the loosely deposited layer includes the following: the times, types, and materials of loosely deposited layers.
Optionally, 103 comprises:
103-1, removing the sampling points and the surface loose layers of the extension areas of the sampling points at the selected sampling point positions until the relatively compact compacted layers are trimmed to be flat;
and 103-2, beginning to dig the sample, and obtaining the hexahedral sampling pit and all substances in the sampling pit.
Optionally, 103-2 comprises:
in the excavation process, if the loosely deposited layer of the sampling point collapses or is difficult to excavate due to other reasons, sampling is abandoned, a proper position is selected nearby, and the step 103-1 is executed again as a substitute for the sampling failure of the sampling point.
Optionally, 103 further comprises:
five surfaces in the sampling pit are trimmed into a plane, each edge is trimmed into a straight line, the sampling pit is a hexahedron, and all substances dug out in sampling are recovered and weighed.
Optionally, 104 comprises:
and measuring the side length parameter to be measured of the sampling pit by adopting a metal folding ruler, measuring the position where two sides are intersected when arcs exist among all surfaces in the sampling pit, and determining each side length by adopting a repeated measurement and averaging value.
Optionally, the side length information includes:
four side lengths and four downward side lengths at the opening of the sampling pit, the length of the opening surface of the sampling pit and the diagonal lines of the four side walls and the length of the four spatial diagonal lines of the sampling pit are adopted, and the length of each side and the length of the diagonal line of the bottom surface of the sampling pit do not need to be measured.
Optionally, 105 comprises:
according to formula (1)
Calculating the density of the loose deposition layer;
wherein: sigma P is the sum of the weights of all the substances obtained after sampling, VHexahedronThe volume of the sampling substance is obtained based on the side length information in the hexahedral sampling pit;
Vithe volume of one tetrahedron after the hexahedron is divided into 6 tetrahedrons is represented, and the calculation formula is as follows: six edges of the tetrahedron O-ABC have BC ═ l, AB ═ n, AC ═ m, OA ═ p, OB ═ q, OC ═ r, respectively, then:
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method provided by the embodiment of the invention is mainly used for gravity exploration in geophysical exploration, the method does not need to be limited by the shape of the sampling pit in sampling, and can be carried out as long as the sampling pit is a hexahedron (the shape is easiest to dig compared with other geometric shapes). Therefore, the shape of the sampling pit does not need to be considered at any time during excavation, the interferences such as collapse and the like caused by uneven stratum materials can be avoided, and each surface in the sampling pit does not need to be considered too much during trimming and only needs to be trimmed into a plane.
The number of sampling pit parameters needing to be measured in the field is greatly increased compared with the conventional method, but the time and the energy are much smaller than those of the sampling pit shape which is trimmed carefully, so that the time and the cost are saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art bulk deposition density measurement using a bulk sample method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the difference between actual sampling pits and theoretical sampling pits;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a bulk deposition density measurement method based on a bulk sample method;
fig. 4(a) and 4(b) are schematic diagrams respectively illustrating the definition of hexahedron corner points, surface numbers and characteristic parameters;
FIGS. 4(c) and 4(d) are schematic diagrams of a form of a shape degradation of the hexahedral cell;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a coordinate system for calculating tetrahedral volumes;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating measurement information in a method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a large sample density calculation program interface in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of measuring side length in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a record table of measurement results in the method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
To better understand the scheme of the embodiment of the present application, a specific flow of the field density measurement work is first described, first: collecting data and performing field reconnaissance: the aim is to find out the distribution, type and range of various rocks and loose sedimentary formations. Secondly, the method comprises the following steps: designing a sampling route and a sampling point: the method aims to make a plan and ensure that each kind of rock and stratum are collected without omission. Generally, more than 30 compact rocks (ores) are required to be collected at different sampling points in an accumulated mode; the loose deposition layer is difficult to do so because of adopting a large sample method, and each type generally digs several to more than ten according to the distribution range, and the distribution is about one to dozens of square kilometers. Therefore, sampling at a nearby alternative point after sampling failure at one sampling point in the following embodiments can be regarded as same-point resampling. Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: sampling and measuring: the compact rock (ore) is a collected sample, each block generally weighs 100-200 g, the compact rock (ore) is brought back indoors to measure the density by a densimeter, and a loose sedimentary deposit is measured on site by a bulk sample method. The scheme of the application is an improvement of the traditional bulk method. Fourthly: statistical analysis: even if the same rock or stratum is used, the material composition of the rock or stratum can be different due to different sampling positions, so that the measured density of each sample of the same rock or stratum can be changed within a small range, and therefore, the final density value of the rock or stratum needs to be determined through statistical analysis.
Different from the measurement of the density of compact rock (ore), the density of a loose settled layer is measured by a bulk sample method, which is not repeatable on the same sampling point, and the precision of the loose settled layer cannot be counted by repeated measurement. Therefore, each step in the sampling process is very important, and the accuracy of the final result is affected.
The method provided by the embodiment can avoid errors caused by inaccurate volume calculation of the sampling pit, accurately and efficiently obtain the density of the loose deposition layer in the working area to be researched, and ensure the accuracy of the result.
Example one
As shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a flow chart of a method for measuring the density of a loose deposition layer based on a bulk sample method, and the method of the present embodiment may include the following steps.
101. Acquiring basic information, distribution areas and range information of the distribution areas of different types of loose deposition layers in a working area to be researched;
for example, the basic information of the loosely deposited layer includes the following: the times, types, and materials of loosely deposited layers.
The different types of loose sedimentary formations in this embodiment are those of different origins, such as the common mainly flooded sedimentary formations (formed by washing high rock debris with flood water or constant flow water to deposit), aeolian formations (formed by wind to deposit fine particles elsewhere), and so on. In general, the composition of a loosely deposited layer of material varies widely due to the wide variety of source materials. Different types of loose deposits can be considered as rocks of different nature, and in fact over the course of several ten thousand years, different types of rocks are formed when these loose deposits are consolidated into rock.
In the embodiment, the type, distribution, material composition and the like of the loose deposition layer in the working area are fully researched, preparation is made for planning the general position of the sampling point at the back, and a plurality of sampling time centers can be provided.
102. Selecting the sampling quantity of each loose deposition layer and the position of each sampling point according to the basic information, the distribution area and the range information of the distribution area of different types of loose deposition layers;
103. according to the position information of each sampling point, carrying out field sampling work to obtain hexahedral sampling pits and all substances in the pits;
this step may include the following substeps:
103-1, removing the sampling points and the surface loose layers of the extension areas of the sampling points at the selected sampling point positions until the relatively compact compacted layers are trimmed to be flat;
and 103-2, beginning to dig the sample, and obtaining the hexahedral sampling pit and all substances in the sampling pit.
That is, during sampling, the loose layer on the surface layer must be peeled off to a relatively compact compacted layer, the compacted layer is trimmed and leveled, and then the sample digging is started, and the loose layer on the surface layer does not represent the actual loose deposition layer density. The stripping range of the loose layer is larger, and the surrounding loose layer substances are prevented from falling into the sampling pit during formal sampling.
Particularly, in the sampling process, if the sampling point is over-dried and seriously collapsed, the loose layer is too thick and is difficult to peel off, the hardened layer is too hard and is difficult to dig, and the sampling point is searched nearby, and the sampling is not forced to be carried out for a small number. That is, in the excavation process, if the loosely deposited layer of the sampling point collapses or is difficult to excavate for other reasons, the sampling is abandoned and the above 103-1 is performed again instead of the sampling failure of the sampling point.
In step 104, after the loose layer is peeled and leveled, when sampling is started formally, all the excavated materials should be recovered and weighed, and cannot be omitted. In practice, five surfaces in the sampling pit should be trimmed to be flat as much as possible, and each edge should be trimmed to be a straight line, so as to ensure that the sampling pit is a hexahedron.
The sampling well should be as large as possible to minimize errors due to measurement inaccuracies.
104. Measuring side length information used for volume calculation and the weight of all substances obtained after sampling in the hexahedron sampling pit based on the hexahedron of the sampling pit;
in actual processing, it is difficult to make true straight line intersection between each surface in the sampling pit, and the surfaces are generally arc-shaped, so that the position where two sides intersect should be measured when measuring the side length (as shown in fig. 8). Because the side length parameters of the inner hexahedron sampling pits are limited by the internal space of the sampling pits, the soft ruler is difficult to straighten, and the length is difficult to measure, a special metal folding ruler for measurement is used during measurement, an average value is obtained by measuring for multiple times, and the measurement result is recorded in a measurement record table shown in fig. 9.
105. And calculating the density of the loose settled layer at the sampling point based on a preset formula according to the side length information of the sampling pit and the obtained weights of all the substances.
In this embodiment, the side length information includes:
four side lengths and four downward side lengths at the opening of the sampling pit, the length of the opening surface of the sampling pit and the diagonal lines of the four side walls and the length of the four spatial diagonal lines of the sampling pit are adopted, and the length of each side and the length of the diagonal line of the bottom surface of the sampling pit do not need to be measured.
In particular, according to formula (1)
Calculating the density of the loose deposition layer;
wherein: sigma P is the sum of the weights of all the substances obtained after sampling, VHexahedronThe volume of the sampling substance is obtained based on the side length information in the hexahedral sampling pit;
Vithe volume of one tetrahedron after the hexahedron is divided into 6 tetrahedrons is represented by the following calculation formula: six edges of the tetrahedron O-ABC have BC ═ l, AB ═ n, AC ═ m, OA ═ p, OB ═ q, OC ═ r, respectively, then:
the method for measuring the density of the loose deposition layer by adopting a bulk sample method in the field is time-consuming and labor-consuming work, and the shape of the sampling pit does not meet the requirement of a calculation formula and is an important reason for inaccurate measurement of the density of the loose deposition layer. In order to reduce the error, the sampling pit must be carefully trimmed while working. The error in the final result is even greater if the worker carelessly trims the edge, collapses due to structural problems with the loosely deposited material, and does not trim the edge into a shape closer to the desired shape at all.
The method of the above embodiment is not limited to the shape of the sampling pit, and may be any hexahedron (and the shape is easiest to dig compared with other geometric forms), and the volume can be accurately calculated by the method. Therefore, the shape of the sampling pit does not need to be considered at any time during excavation, the interferences such as collapse and the like caused by uneven stratum materials can be avoided, each surface in the sampling pit does not need to be considered too much during trimming, only the surface is required to be trimmed, time and labor are saved, and the accuracy of a calculation result is improved.
Example two
Based on the defect that the loose deposition layer density measurement by the large sample method in the prior art is inaccurate, the embodiment of the invention is improved.
The premise of accurate measurement of the density of the loose deposition layer is to accurately weigh the substances dug in the sampling pit, accurately measure and calculate the volume of the sampling pit. If the volume of the sampling pit can be accurately calculated, the shape of the sampling pit is not important, and the sampling pit is dug to be a cuboid in the prior art in field work as far as possible only for the convenience of volume calculation. Since the field can only be dug into the irregular six areas similar to the cuboid, the problem can be solved as long as the volume of the irregular hexahedron can be accurately calculated.
The calculation of the volume of the irregular hexahedron is complex, and considering that in field actual measurement, only length can be measured generally, but angle cannot be measured (measurement is inaccurate), therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides the following method for calculating the volume of the irregular hexahedron.
First, the process of converting irregular hexahedrons into tetrahedrons is described from theoretical calculations
Conversion from arbitrary hexahedron to tetrahedron
If the junction of the hexahedron is numbered i (as shown in fig. 4 (a)) and the surface of the hexahedron is numbered J (as shown in fig. 4 (b)), the junction i and the hexahedron surface J that does not pass through the junction i form a pentahedron volume:
ViJ(i＝1，2，…，8；J＝1，2，…，6)
there is a relation: viI+ViJ+ViK＝V
Where V is the volume of the hexahedron and I, J, K are the 3 surface numbers that do not pass through node i, respectively. When node i is 1, 3 pentahedrons are formed: 1-surf.2(1-2376), 1-surf.4(1-3487) and 1-surf.6 (1-5678).
As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4(c) and 4(d) show that 1 pentahedron can divide into 2 tetrahedrons.
2. Volume calculation of tetrahedron
And respectively calculating the volume of each divided tetrahedron. For convenience of description, the tetrahedron 1-567 is represented by O-ABC, taking the volume of tetrahedron 1-567 as an example.
First, a coordinate system as shown in FIG. 5 is established, with point O as the origin, and coordinates of three vertexes A, B, and C are respectively (a)1，b1，c1)，(a2，b2，c2) And (a)3，b3，c3) And six edges of the tetrahedron O-ABC are BC ═ l, AB ═ n, AC ═ m, OA ═ p, OB ═ q, and OC ═ r. (for explanation: the corner points of the base are numbered counterclockwise from the apex to the base of the pyramid).
The volume V of the tetrahedron is equal to the vector, as known from the solid geometry
The volume V of the parallelepiped with their edges when forming a right-hand system6Is/are as follows
While
Thus obtaining
Squaring the above formula to obtain
According to the coordinate representation of the number product of the vectors, there are
Thus, the
From the cosine theorem, it can be obtained
In the same way
Substituting the above formulae into formula (2.1) to obtain
The volume V of the tetrahedron O-ABC can be calculated:
and the rest 5 tetrahedrons are analogized, and finally, the volumes of the 6 tetrahedrons are summed to obtain the hexahedral volume.
Second, measurement is needed in field workParameter (d) of
In order to achieve the purpose of calculating the volume of the irregular hexahedron sampling pit, in actual field work, the following 22 parameters are measured (as shown in fig. 6).
Eight sides of the sampling hole is long
Four edges S at the opening of the sampling pit need to be measured12、S23、S34、S14Length of and four downward sides S15、S26、S37、S48Length (e.g. line portions of 12, 23, 34, 14, 15, 26, 37, 48 in fig. 6).
2. Diagonal length of sampling pit opening and side wall
Two diagonal lines S at the opening of the sampling pit need to be measured13、S24Length of (d) and eight diagonals S of the four sidewalls16、S25、S27、S36、S38、S47、S45、S18Length ( e.g. line portions 13, 24, 16, 25, 27, 36, 38, 47, 45, 18 in fig. 6).
⒊ four space diagonal length of sampling pit
Four diagonals S of sampling pit to be measured17、S28、S35、S46Length (line portions of 17, 28, 35 and 46 in fig. 6).
4. Without measuring the length of each side of the bottom of the sampling pit
In the field actual work, the length of four sides at the bottom of the sampling pit is relatively difficult to measure, firstly, a measurer is difficult to drop the pit and is not easy to measure accurately, and secondly, the edge of the sampling pit is easy to collapse, and the shape of the sampling pit is damaged. Aiming at the problem, the length of each side of the bottom is calculated by measuring other parameters by adopting the following method, so that direct measurement is avoided.
Given that the side length AB, BC, b, AD, c, the diagonal AC, e, BD, f of an arbitrary quadrilateral ABCD, then, for Δ ABC,
according to the cosine theorem and area of triangleThe calculation formula is as follows:
∠CAD＝∠A-∠BAC
according to the cosine law of triangles, the length of the side length CD can be obtained as follows:
thirdly, calculating the density of the loose settled layer by using the parameters acquired in the field work
The above calculation of the sample pit volume, which is impossible with a simple manual method, requires a programmed processing, as shown in fig. 7. FIG. 7 shows a schematic of a large sample density calculation program interface.
In the input process based on the data of each measuring side, the side of the input data in the schematic diagram of fig. 7 changes color. Unit of input data: the length is in centimeters (cm) and the sample weight is in kilograms (kg).
After all data input is completed, the data can be calculated and stored. And whether the data input is correct or not can be judged through measuring errors and the figure shape of the schematic diagram.
In the calculation process of the program, one diagonal line at the opening of the sampling pit can be measured, and the other diagonal line can be calculated by the following method.
If the side length AB, BC, CD, AD, and diagonal AC of the arbitrary quadrilateral ABCD are known to be a, b, c, d, and e, the length of the other diagonal BD can be determined by the following method.
However, in order to prevent confusion of field measurement, the length of two diagonal lines is required to be input in the program, so that field errors are prevented, and field data measurement errors can be judged and preliminary control can be performed on data measurement quality by comparing the calculated result with input data.
The number of sampling pit parameters needing to be measured in the field is greatly increased compared with the conventional method, but the time and the energy are much smaller than those of the sampling pit shape which is trimmed carefully, so that the time and the cost are saved.
It should be noted that in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the terms first, second, third and the like are for convenience only and do not denote any order. These words are to be understood as part of the name of the component.
Furthermore, it should be noted that in the description of the present specification, the description of the term "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples" or "some examples", etc., means that a specific feature, structure, material or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the claims should be construed to include preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention should also include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A loose sedimentary deposit density measuring method based on a bulk sample method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
101. acquiring basic information, distribution areas and range information of the distribution areas of different types of loose deposition layers in a working area to be researched;
102. selecting the sampling quantity of each loose deposition layer and the position of each sampling point according to the basic information, the distribution area and the range information of the distribution area of different types of loose deposition layers;
103. according to the position information of each sampling point, carrying out field sampling work to obtain a hexahedral sampling pit and all substances in the sampling pit;
104. measuring side length information used for volume calculation and the weight of all substances obtained after sampling in the hexahedron sampling pit based on the hexahedron of the sampling pit;
105. and calculating the density of the loose settled layer at the sampling point based on a preset formula according to the side length information of the sampling pit and the obtained weights of all the substances.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the basic information of the loosely deposited layer includes the following: the times, types, and materials of loosely deposited layers.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein 103 comprises:
103-1, removing the sampling points and the surface loose layers of the extension areas of the sampling points at the selected sampling point positions until the relatively compact compacted layers are trimmed to be flat;
and 103-2, beginning to dig the sample, and obtaining the hexahedral sampling pit and all substances in the sampling pit.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein 103-2 comprises:
in the excavation process, if the loosely deposited layer of the sampling point collapses or is difficult to excavate due to other reasons, sampling is abandoned, a proper position is selected nearby, and the step 103-1 is executed again as a substitute for sampling failure.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein 103 further comprises:
five surfaces in the sampling pit are trimmed into a plane, each edge is trimmed into a straight line, the sampling pit is a hexahedron, and all substances dug out in sampling are recovered and weighed.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein 104 comprises:
and measuring the side length parameter to be measured of the sampling pit by adopting a metal folding ruler, measuring the position where two sides are intersected when arcs exist among all surfaces in the sampling pit, and determining each side length by adopting a repeated measurement and averaging value.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the side length information comprises:
four side lengths and four downward side lengths at the opening of the sampling pit, the diagonal lengths of the opening surface and four side walls of the sampling pit and the four spatial diagonal lengths of the sampling pit.
8. The method of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein 105 comprises:
according to formula (1)
Calculating the density of the loose deposition layer;
wherein: sigma is the sum of the weights of all the substances obtained after sampling, VHexahedronThe volume of the sampling substance is obtained based on the side length information in the hexahedral sampling pit;
Vithe volume of one tetrahedron after the hexahedron is divided into 6 tetrahedrons is represented, and the calculation formula is as follows: six edges of the tetrahedron O-ABC have BC ═ l, AB ═ n, AC ═ m, OA ═ p, OB ═ q, OC ═ r, respectively, then:
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