CN111512904A - 一种杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法 - Google Patents
一种杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111512904A CN111512904A CN202010433009.7A CN202010433009A CN111512904A CN 111512904 A CN111512904 A CN 111512904A CN 202010433009 A CN202010433009 A CN 202010433009A CN 111512904 A CN111512904 A CN 111512904A
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- Prior art keywords
- lotus
- pleurotus eryngii
- shoots
- dregs
- sowing
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- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper(II) hydroxide Chemical compound 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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
Abstract
本发明公开了一种杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，涉及农业种植技术领域，其包括以下步骤：步骤S1.选择阳荷块茎作种，并对阳荷种块浸泡消毒；步骤S2.播种前对种植大棚进行处理，并选择新鲜无霉变的杏鲍菇菌渣进行预湿处理；步骤S3.播种阳荷种块，播种完后整厢均匀覆盖厚杏鲍菇菌渣；步骤S4.定植及田间管理；步骤S5.采收。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业种植技术领域，具体来讲是一种杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法。
背景技术
阳荷[zingiber mioga(Thunb.)Rosc.]属姜科姜属，其嫩芽(阳荷笋)、花轴、地下茎均可食用，主要食用部分为阳荷笋，由于具有多种功能，阳荷的需求量大、经济效益高，主要表现在以下几方而：(1)食用功能，阳荷含有多种营养成外，包括蛋白质、脂肪、维生素C和胡萝卜素等属于典型的特色绿色蔬某品种；(2)药用功能，阳荷富含a-旅烯、b-旅烯、b-水芹烯等多种药用成分；(3)提炼色素，阳荷的花穗可以把炼食用色素；(4)共他用途，阳荷的茎叶部分是牲畜的好饲料，阳荷资源稀少，原产于中国南部，在国内主要分布于长江流城各省市，西北的陕西、甘肃，西南的四川、贵州等省，在湖北省的栽培也较多。
近年来，随着城乡居民生活水平的提高，国内市场对阳荷的需求越来越大。目前国内关于阳荷栽培技术的研究较少，田间管理相对粗放，生长期长，采收上市基本上在5月份开始，且采收期较短，导致产量低，同时产品集中上市影响销售，因而效益也比较低。因此研究一种打破阳荷笋的生长休眠，促进阳荷笋提前萌发的方法，是十分必要的。
专利文件《一种阳荷笋子的无土栽培方法》(专利申请号：200910062785.4)公开了一种阳荷笋子的无土栽培方法。但是，该对比文件未明确说明栽培季节，也没有明确提供是大棚种植还是室内种植，没有明确的指向性，就更难进行操作。而且，选种时未进行药剂处理，只是通过外观等形状决定选种，这也极大的加强了阳荷播种后染病的概率。另外，该方案使用混合原料做成培养基同时添加培养液的方法，添加物较多，成本很高，同时食用菌栽培后的废料很多，如果选用如香菇栽培所剩肥料，不进行堆置发酵处理的话，会产生很多病害，绝对会影响阳荷的生长。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，适合于阳荷笋冬季种植，相对于常规阳荷笋栽培方法，本发明无需添加新的设施设备，所用杏鲍菇菌渣，为工厂化杏鲍菇生产所剩菌渣，安全无污染。同时促进阳荷笋提前40d-60d萌发(11月初播种，2月底至3月中旬可以进行第一次采收，4月底至5月初完成种植，常规栽培模式要到5月初才能进行采收，高温期生长影响出笋质量)，延长了阳荷笋低温期出笋的时长，提高阳荷笋产量(产量3000-4000斤/亩，常规栽培产量2000-3000斤/亩)，改善品质，提高菜农增产增收。
为达到以上目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：一种杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，包括以下步骤：步骤S1.选择阳荷块茎作种，并对阳荷种块浸泡消毒；步骤S2.播种前对种植大棚进行处理，并选择新鲜无霉变的杏鲍菇菌渣进行预湿处理；步骤S3.播种阳荷种块，播种完后整厢均匀覆盖厚杏鲍菇菌渣；步骤S4.定植及田间管理；步骤S5.采收。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S1中，选择块大、芽多、无病虫害的阳荷块茎作种，亩用种量1000～1400kg。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S1中，用50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍+46％氢氧化铜水分散粒剂1000倍混合液浸泡阳荷种30min消毒，浸泡后晾晒2d，同时每天早晚各翻动1次，然后在干燥洁净的培养室内堆放4d，培养温度控制在18-25℃。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S2中，种植大棚亩撒草木灰50kg，腐熟饼肥500kg，然后翻挖整细，并在大棚上覆盖塑料薄膜；大棚内开厢沟，厢面宽1-1.2m，厢沟宽40-50cm，厢面高10-15cm，四周留排水沟。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S2中，播种前2d，对新鲜无霉变的杏鲍菇菌渣进行预湿处理，使含水量达到50％-55％。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S3中，将阳荷种块按照一个生长点为一块的标准，掰开播种于厢面，播种时将每块种子紧邻放置。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S3中，播种完后，用厢沟里的土将阳荷种块覆盖，厚度5cm；然后整厢均匀覆盖25cm-30cm厚杏鲍菇菌渣；在菌渣铺设之后适当浇水，使杏鲍菇菌渣湿度达到60％-65％。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S3中，在菌渣表面用直径8cm-10cm的木棍或铁棍在播种范围以外打孔，孔距100cm；然后在畦面上插入高60cm的竹拱棚，拱棚上加盖黑色塑料薄膜、外层覆盖保温被。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S4中，定植后视下层土壤情况进行补水，湿度保持在75％-80％；出笋后，湿度保持在80％-90％；冬、春季应将水加热至23℃-28℃后进行浇水。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S5中，当阳荷笋子长到30cm以上，以阳荷笋尖不长叶片为采收标准，7-10d采收一次。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明除了杏鲍菇菌渣以外，可不增加其他投入，利用本发明所述方法，可明显促进阳荷笋提前萌发，打破休眠，且不使用其它化肥和复合肥，提高了阳荷笋的产量和品质，对于种植户来说，增加了总体种植效益。
2、杏鲍菇菌渣易得且经济实惠，杏鲍菇菌渣为工厂化杏鲍菇生产所剩培养料，营养丰富含水量较好，经济实惠。利用其进行阳荷笋种植，不仅可实现将杏鲍菇菌渣变废为宝，减少了环境污染，同时为杏鲍菇菌渣提供了新的使用途径，加大了资源的合理利用。
3、杏鲍菇菌渣无需进行提前发酵，只用提前调控含水量，使用方便，简单易学。
4、该发明操作简单，同时能明显促进阳荷笋的萌发，提高了种植的总体效益。
5、本发明为促进阳荷笋提前发芽的栽培技术，同时通过对土壤以及覆盖料进行相应处理，栽培过程中无需使用化肥和复合肥，更加经济，同时也保护了土壤。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明，以下实施例是对本发明的解释而本发明并不局限于以下实施例。本发明对其加入量进行限定，只是便于本发明的实施，并不说明在本发明所限定的范围外不能实施。
本发明实施例提供了一种杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1.选择阳荷块茎作种，并对阳荷种块浸泡消毒；具体的，选择块大、芽多、无病虫害的阳荷块茎作种，亩用种量1000～1400kg。用50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍+46％氢氧化铜水分散粒剂1000倍混合液浸泡阳荷种30min消毒，浸泡后晾晒2d，同时每天早晚各翻动1次，然后在干燥洁净的培养室内堆放4d，培养温度控制在18-25℃。
步骤S2.播种前对种植大棚进行处理，并选择新鲜无霉变的杏鲍菇菌渣进行预湿处理；具体的，种植大棚亩撒草木灰50kg，腐熟饼肥500kg，然后翻挖整细，并在大棚上覆盖塑料薄膜；大棚内开厢沟，厢面宽1-1.2m，厢沟宽40-50cm，厢面高10-15cm，四周留排水沟。播种前2d，对新鲜无霉变的杏鲍菇菌渣进行预湿处理，使含水量达到50％-55％。
步骤S3.播种阳荷种块，播种完后整厢均匀覆盖厚杏鲍菇菌渣；具体的，将阳荷种块按照一个生长点为一块的标准，掰开播种于厢面，播种时将每块种子紧邻放置。播种完后，用厢沟里的土将阳荷种块覆盖，厚度5cm；然后整厢均匀覆盖25cm-30cm厚杏鲍菇菌渣；在菌渣铺设之后适当浇水，使杏鲍菇菌渣湿度达到60％-65％。在菌渣表面用直径8cm-10cm的木棍或铁棍在播种范围以外打孔，孔距100cm；然后在畦面上插入高60cm的竹拱棚，拱棚上加盖黑色塑料薄膜、外层覆盖保温被。
步骤S4.定植及田间管理；具体的，定植后视下层土壤情况进行补水，湿度保持在75％-80％；出笋后，湿度保持在80％-90％；冬、春季应将水加热至23℃-28℃后进行浇水。
步骤S5.采收。具体的，当阳荷笋子长到30cm以上，以阳荷笋尖不长叶片为采收标准，7-10d采收一次。
下面通过三个实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例一
11月初开始选择块大(直径10cm)、芽多、无病虫害的阳荷块茎作种、亩用种量约1200kg。播种前，用50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍+46％氢氧化铜水分散粒剂1000倍混合液浸泡阳荷种30min消毒，浸泡后晾晒2d，同时每天早晚各翻动1次，然后在干燥洁净的培养室内堆放4d，培养温度控制在18-25℃。播种前需对种植大棚进行处理，亩撒草木灰50kg.腐熟饼肥500kg，然后翻挖整细，大棚上覆盖塑料薄膜。大棚内开厢沟：厢面宽1.2m，厢沟宽40cm，厢面高10cm，四周留排水沟。选用杏鲍菇工厂化生产所剩菌渣，播种前2d，对新鲜无霉变的杏鲍菇菌渣进行预湿处理，使含水量达到50％-55％。
种子处理完毕进行播种，将阳荷种块按照一个生长点(一个芽)为一块的标准、用手掰开播种于厢面，播种时将每块种子紧邻放置(株行距0.15m*0.4m)，播种完后，用沟里的土将阳荷种块覆盖、厚度5cm，然后整厢均匀覆盖25cm厚杏鲍菇菌渣，为加快杏鲍菇发酵增温，在菌渣铺设之后适当浇水，使杏鲍菇菌渣湿度达到60％-65％(用手抓一把菌渣，握紧后指缝有水分渗出，但不滴成线为宜)，在菌渣表面用直径8cm的木棍或铁棍在播种范围以外打孔，孔距100cm，起到通风透气的作用，然后在畦面上插入高60cm的竹拱棚，拱棚上加盖黑色塑料薄膜、外层覆盖保温被，增加保温效果。定植后需经常检查下层土壤，视情况进行补水，前期水分适当偏少，湿度保持在75％-80％，出笋后水分适当偏多湿度保持在80％-90％，冬、春季应将水加热至23℃-28℃后进行浇水。出笋后用遮阳网将整个大棚遮盖严实，掀开供棚两端塑料薄膜并用换气扇进行通风换气。
阳荷笋于翌年3月初萌发，当阳荷笋子长到30cm以上，以阳荷笋尖不长叶片为采收标准(3月中旬)；一般7-10d采收一次，5月上旬采收结束，亩均产量3200斤。在整个种植过程中禁止施用化肥和复合肥。
实施例二
11月初开始选择块大(直径10cm)、芽多、无病虫害的阳荷块茎作种、亩用种量约1200kg。播种前，用50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍+46％氢氧化铜水分散粒剂1000倍混合液浸泡阳荷种30min消毒，浸泡后晾晒2d，同时每天早晚各翻动1次，然后在干燥洁净的培养室内堆放4d，培养温度控制在18-25℃。播种前需对种植大棚进行处理，亩撒草木灰50kg.腐熟饼肥500kg，然后翻挖整细，大棚上覆盖塑料薄膜。大棚内开厢沟：厢面宽1.2m，厢沟宽40cm，厢面高15cm，四周留排水沟。选用杏鲍菇工厂化生产所剩菌渣，播种前2d，对新鲜无霉变的杏鲍菇菌渣进行预湿处理，使含水量达到50％-55％。
种子处理完毕进行播种，将阳荷种块按照一个生长点(一个芽)为一块的标准、用手掰开播种于厢面，播种时将每块种子紧邻放置(株行距0.15m*0.4m)，播种完后，用沟里的土将阳荷种块覆盖、厚度5cm，然后整厢均匀覆盖30cm厚杏鲍菇菌渣，为加快杏鲍菇发酵增温，在菌渣铺设之后适当浇水，使杏鲍菇菌渣湿度达到60％-65％(用手抓一把菌渣，握紧后指缝有水分渗出，但不滴成线为宜)，在菌渣表面用直径8cm的木棍或铁棍在播种范围以外打孔，孔距100cm，起到通风透气的作用，然后在畦面上插入高60cm的竹拱棚，拱棚上加盖黑色塑料薄膜、外层覆盖保温被，增加保温效果。定植后需经常检查下层土壤，视情况进行补水，前期水分适当偏少，湿度保持在75％-80％，出笋后水分适当偏多湿度保持在80％-90％，冬、春季应将水加热至23℃-28℃后进行浇水。出笋后用遮阳网将整个大棚遮盖严实，掀开供棚两端塑料薄膜并用换气扇进行通风换气。
阳荷笋于翌年2月底萌发，当阳荷笋子长到30cm以上，以阳荷笋尖不长叶片为采收标准(3月初)；一般7-10d采收一次，4月下旬采收结束，亩均产量3700斤。在整个种植过程中禁止施用化肥和复合肥。
实施例三
11月初开始选择块大(直径15cm)、芽多、无病虫害的阳荷块茎作种、亩用种量约1200kg。播种前，用50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍+46％氢氧化铜水分散粒剂1000倍混合液浸泡阳荷种30min消毒，浸泡后晾晒2d，同时每天早晚各翻动1次，然后在干燥洁净的培养室内堆放4d，培养温度控制在18-25℃。播种前需对种植大棚进行处理，亩撒草木灰50kg.腐熟饼肥500kg，然后翻挖整细，大棚上覆盖塑料薄膜。大棚内开厢沟：厢面宽1.2m，厢沟宽40cm，厢面高15cm，四周留排水沟。选用杏鲍菇工厂化生产所剩菌渣，播种前2d，对新鲜无霉变的杏鲍菇菌渣进行预湿处理，使含水量达到50％-55％。
种子处理完毕进行播种，将阳荷种块按照一个生长点(一个芽)为一块的标准、用手掰开播种于厢面，播种时将每块种子紧邻放置(株行距0.15m*0.4m)，播种完后，用沟里的土将阳荷种块覆盖、厚度5cm，然后整厢均匀覆盖30cm厚杏鲍菇菌渣，为加快杏鲍菇发酵增温，在菌渣铺设之后适当浇水，使杏鲍菇菌渣湿度达到60％-65％(用手抓一把菌渣，握紧后指缝有水分渗出，但不滴成线为宜)，在菌渣表面用直径8cm的木棍或铁棍在播种范围以外打孔，孔距100cm，起到通风透气的作用，然后在畦面上插入高60cm的竹拱棚，拱棚上加盖黑色塑料薄膜、外层覆盖保温被，增加保温效果。定植后需经常检查下层土壤，视情况进行补水，前期水分适当偏少，湿度保持在75％-80％，出笋后水分适当偏多湿度保持在80％-90％，冬、春季应将水加热至23℃-28℃后进行浇水。出笋后用遮阳网将整个大棚遮盖严实，掀开供棚两端塑料薄膜并用换气扇进行通风换气。
阳荷笋于翌年2月中旬萌发，当阳荷笋子长到30cm以上，以阳荷笋尖不长叶片为采收标准(2月底)；一般7-10d采收一次，4月下旬采收结束，亩均产量3900斤。在整个种植过程中禁止施用化肥和复合肥。
本发明不局限于上述实施方式，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围之内。本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。
Claims (10)
1.一种杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1.选择阳荷块茎作种，并对阳荷种块浸泡消毒；
步骤S2.播种前对种植大棚进行处理，并选择新鲜无霉变的杏鲍菇菌渣进行预湿处理；
步骤S3.播种阳荷种块，播种完后整厢均匀覆盖厚杏鲍菇菌渣；
步骤S4.定植及田间管理；
步骤S5.采收。
2.如权利要求1所述的杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，其特征在于：步骤S1中，选择块大、芽多、无病虫害的阳荷块茎作种，亩用种量1000～1400kg。
3.如权利要求1所述的杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，其特征在于：步骤S1中，用50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍+46％氢氧化铜水分散粒剂1000倍混合液浸泡阳荷种30min消毒，浸泡后晾晒2d，同时每天早晚各翻动1次，然后在干燥洁净的培养室内堆放4d，培养温度控制在18-25℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，其特征在于：步骤S2中，种植大棚亩撒草木灰50kg，腐熟饼肥500kg，然后翻挖整细，并在大棚上覆盖塑料薄膜；大棚内开厢沟，厢面宽1-1.2m，厢沟宽40-50cm，厢面高10-15cm，四周留排水沟。
5.如权利要求1所述的杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，其特征在于：步骤S2中，播种前2d，对新鲜无霉变的杏鲍菇菌渣进行预湿处理，使含水量达到50％-55％。
6.如权利要求1所述的杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中，将阳荷种块按照一个生长点为一块的标准，掰开播种于厢面，播种时将每块种子紧邻放置。
7.如权利要求1所述的杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中，播种完后，用厢沟里的土将阳荷种块覆盖，厚度5cm；然后整厢均匀覆盖25cm-30cm厚杏鲍菇菌渣；在菌渣铺设之后适当浇水，使杏鲍菇菌渣湿度达到60％-65％。
8.如权利要求7所述的杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中，在菌渣表面用直径8cm-10cm的木棍或铁棍在播种范围以外打孔，孔距100cm；然后在畦面上插入高60cm的竹拱棚，拱棚上加盖黑色塑料薄膜、外层覆盖保温被。
9.如权利要求1所述的杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，其特征在于：步骤S4中，定植后视下层土壤情况进行补水，湿度保持在75％-80％；出笋后，湿度保持在80％-90％；冬、春季应将水加热至23℃-28℃后进行浇水。
10.如权利要求1所述的杏鲍菇菌渣促进阳荷笋萌发的方法，其特征在于：步骤S5中，当阳荷笋子长到30cm以上，以阳荷笋尖不长叶片为采收标准，7-10d采收一次。
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