CN111504362B - Multifunctional processing system and method for observation signals - Google Patents
Multifunctional processing system and method for observation signals Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a multifunctional processing system for observation signals, comprising: the signal acquisition and processing front end (100) is used for receiving observation signals and comprises a plurality of signal processing boards (110), wherein each signal processing board (110) receives the observation signals with preset paths and calculates power spectrum data and baseband data of the observation signals; the multifunctional data processing back end (200) is used for processing the power spectrum data and the baseband data, comprises a plurality of observation mode detection units and realizes the corresponding observation mode calculation of the power spectrum data and the baseband data; a radio frequency signal multi-way switch (300) for sending the observation signal to the corresponding signal processing board (110); and the control computer (400) is used for determining the number of the called signal processing boards (110) according to the number of the paths of the observation signals and controlling the firmware loading, the parameter setting and the state monitoring of the signal processing boards (110). In addition, a multifunctional processing method of the observation signal is also provided.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of radio telescopes, in particular to a multifunctional processing system and method for observation signals.
Background
Radio astronomy is a subject of study of astronomy phenomena by observing radio waves of celestial bodies, four major discoveries of astronomy in the sixties of the last century: the quasar, pulsar, interplanetary molecule and cosmic microwave background radiation are all obtained by observation through a radio means. Since electromagnetic wave signals radiated from a remote celestial body are extremely weak, observation needs to be performed by means of a large radio telescope with high sensitivity. The radio telescope observation research target is extensive, includes: the method is applied to basic scientific researches such as pulsar, gravitational wave, black hole, star formation and evolution, temporary source, galaxies and the like, and can also be applied to satellite orbit measurement, deep space exploration and the like. The astronomical terminal system collects the astronomical signals received by the telescope, carries out corresponding signal processing according to the observed scientific target, is the last link of a signal link of the radio telescope system, is closely linked with an observation research task, and directly influences whether the scientific observation task succeeds or not and whether the data quality meets the requirements or not by the performance of the astronomical terminal. According to the difference of different types of observation and research on the processing principle of radio astronomical signals, an astronomical terminal can be roughly divided into a total power meter, a polarimeter, a frequency spectrograph, a pulsar de-dispersion meter, a baseband data recorder and the like. Different observation researches have larger requirement difference on performance indexes of instruments and equipment, and have different data storage formats. In order to meet the observation requirements of different scientific targets, a radio telescope is generally provided with a plurality of receivers with different frequency bands and different types, and the number of the broadband and the number of the wave beams of the receivers are different. If a discrete astronomical terminal is adopted, each receiver needs to be provided with an independent observation terminal system, each observation research needs to develop an independent signal processing software aiming at each receiver frequency band, the manufacturing cost is high, the system reuse degree is low, meanwhile, an observer needs to be familiar with and master the operation flow of each system, and the error probability is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The application provides a multifunctional processing system and a method for observation signals, which at least solve the technical problems.
(II) technical scheme
The present disclosure provides a multifunctional processing system for observation signals, comprising: the signal acquisition and processing front end 100 is used for receiving observation signals and comprises a plurality of signal processing boards 110, wherein each signal processing board 110 receives observation signals with preset paths and calculates power spectrum data and baseband data of the observation signals; the multifunctional data processing back end 200 is used for processing the power spectrum data and the baseband data, and comprises a plurality of observation mode detection units for realizing the corresponding observation mode calculation of the power spectrum data and the baseband data; a radio frequency signal multi-way switch 300 for transmitting the observation signal to the corresponding signal processing board 110; and the control computer 400 is used for determining the number of the called signal processing boards 110 according to the number of the paths of the observation signals and controlling the firmware loading, the parameter setting and the state monitoring of the signal processing boards 110.
Optionally, the multiple observation mode detection units at least include a pulsar detection unit, a transient source detection unit, a molecular spectral line detection unit, a total power detection unit, and a baseband data detection unit, wherein the pulsar detection unit is configured to implement detection of pulsar signals, the transient source detection unit is configured to implement detection of a transient source, the molecular spectral line detection unit is configured to implement detection of molecular spectral lines, the total power detection unit is configured to obtain flow intensity of signals, and the baseband data detection unit is configured to perform channel division on the signals.
Optionally, the multi-function data processing backend 200 further comprises a plurality of data distributors, each data distributor being connected to at least one observation mode detection unit.
Optionally, the multi-function data processing backend 200 comprises a data buffer for buffering data, and a data distributor is connected to the data buffer.
Optionally, a high-speed data network 500 is further included, and the signal acquisition and processing front-end 100 transmits the power spectrum data and the baseband data to the multi-functional data processing back-end 200 through the high-speed data network 500.
Optionally, a storage module 600 is further included, and the multifunctional data processing backend 200 stores the data processed by the multifunctional data processing backend 200 in the storage module 600 through the high-speed data network 500.
Optionally, the system further comprises a low-speed data network 700 and a slow storage module 800, the control computer 400 controls firmware loading, parameter setting and status monitoring of the signal processing board through the low-speed data network 700, and stores a parameter setting signal and a monitoring log to the slow storage module 800 through the low-speed data network 700.
Optionally, a frequency synthesizer 900 and a hydrogen atomic clock 1000 are further included, wherein the frequency synthesizer 900 is configured to provide a sampling clock for the signal acquisition and processing front-end 100, and the hydrogen atomic clock 1000 is configured to provide a 10M reference frequency for the frequency synthesizer 900 and a 1pps synchronization signal for the signal acquisition and processing front-end 100.
Optionally, the signal processing board 110 includes a signal sampling unit 111, a power spectrum data conversion unit 112, a baseband data conversion unit 113, and a formatter 114, where the signal sampling unit 111 is configured to collect an observation signal, send the observation signal to the power spectrum data conversion unit 112 and the baseband data conversion unit 113 to obtain the power spectrum data and the baseband data, and the formatter 114 converts the format of the power spectrum data and the baseband data and outputs the power spectrum data and the baseband data.
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a processing method of a multifunctional processing system based on the above observation signal, including: s1, the rf signal multi-way switch 300 receives the observation signal and divides the observation signal into multiple signals to be sent to the signal acquisition and processing front end 100; s2, the control computer 400 determines the number of the called signal processing boards according to the number of the paths of the observation signals, and controls the firmware loading, the parameter setting and the state monitoring of the signal processing boards; s3, the signal processing board converts the observation signal into power spectrum data and baseband data and sends the power spectrum data and the baseband data to the multifunctional data processing back end 200; s4, the multi-function data processing back end 200 selects the corresponding observation mode detecting unit to process the power spectrum data and the baseband data.
(III) advantageous effects
The application provides a multifunctional processing system and a method for observing signals, which develop signal acquisition and data processing firmware programs of various observation modes and are suitable for acquiring and processing signals of various receivers such as single-beam receivers, multi-beam receivers, ultra-wideband receivers and the like;
the system has the advantages that various observation modes such as pulsar, transient source, molecular spectral line, total power, baseband data and the like are developed, corresponding software and firmware programs are loaded according to an observation scientific target, the scale of computing resources is adjusted according to the signal access rate and the number, and the system is high in reusability, powerful in function, high in flexibility and strong in expandability;
by simultaneously calculating and outputting data in two formats of a power spectrum and a digital baseband in the signal acquisition and processing front end, the parallel requirements of observation research on different data types can be met, and the simultaneous observation of multiple observation targets of the telescope can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a structural schematic of a multifunction processing system for observing signals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a structural schematic diagram of a multi-function data processing backend according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a processing method of the multifunction processing system based on the observed signal shown in FIG. 1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
A multi-function processing system for observed signals, as shown in fig. 1, comprises a signal acquisition and processing front end 100, a multi-function data processing back end 200, a rf signal multi-way switch 300 and a control computer 400, wherein: the signal acquisition and processing front end 100 is used for receiving observation signals, and comprises a plurality of signal processing boards 110, wherein each signal processing board 110 receives observation signals with preset paths and calculates power spectrum data and baseband data of the observation signals; the multifunctional data processing back end 200 is used for processing the power spectrum data and the baseband data, and comprises a plurality of observation mode detection units for realizing the corresponding observation mode calculation of the power spectrum data and the baseband data; a radio frequency signal multiplexer 300 for transmitting the observation signal to the corresponding signal processing board 110; and the control computer 400 is used for determining the number of the called signal processing boards 110 according to the number of the paths of the observation signals and controlling the firmware loading, the parameter setting and the state monitoring of the signal processing boards 110.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The signal acquisition and processing front end 100 includes a plurality of signal processing boards 110, each signal processing board 110 includes a signal sampling unit 111, a power spectrum data conversion unit 112, a baseband data conversion unit 113, and a formatter 114, where the signal sampling unit 111 is configured to receive a preset number of channels (e.g., m channels) of observation signals, the power spectrum data conversion unit 112 is configured to convert the observation signals into power spectrum data, the baseband data conversion unit 113 is configured to convert the observation signals into baseband data, and the formatter 114 converts the power spectrum data and the baseband data into formats and outputs the power spectrum data and the baseband data.
The multifunctional data processing backend 200 may select the invoked observation mode according to the observation scientific target and output the same after formatting. The multifunctional data processing back end 200 is configured to process the power spectrum data and the baseband data, and as shown in fig. 2, includes multiple observation mode detection units to perform corresponding observation mode calculation on the power spectrum data and the baseband data. The multi-observation-mode detection unit at least comprises a pulsar detection unit, a temporary-occurrence-source detection unit, a molecular spectral line detection unit, a total-power detection unit and a baseband data detection unit, wherein the pulsar detection unit is used for detecting pulsar signals, the pulsar detection unit comprises a pulsar searching subunit, a pulsar timing subunit and a pulsar coherent-dispersion-elimination subunit, the temporary-occurrence-source detection unit is used for detecting temporary occurrence sources, the molecular spectral line detection unit is used for detecting molecular spectral lines, the molecular spectral line detection unit comprises a low-spectral-line detection unit and a high-spectral-line detection unit, the total-power detection unit is used for obtaining the flow intensity of the signals, and the baseband data detection unit is used for dividing the channels of the signals. The multi-function data processing backend 200 further comprises a plurality of data distributors, each data distributor being connected to at least one observation mode detection unit. The multi-function data processing back-end 200 includes a data buffer for buffering data, and a data distributor connected to the pulsar detection unit and the temporary source detection unit through the data buffer. For example, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, two data distributors are included, wherein one data distributor is connected to the total power detection unit, the data buffer, and the low-power spectral line detection unit, and receives the power spectral data. That is, the data distributor divides the received power spectrum data into A, B, C paths, wherein the path A enters the total power detection unit to perform total power observation mode calculation and outputs the data after formatting through the formatter 1, the path B enters the low spectral line detection unit to perform molecular spectral line observation mode processing and outputs the data after formatting through the file formatter 4, the path C reaches the data buffer area and can be shared and calculated in parallel by different observation tasks such as the pulsar search subunit, the pulsar timing subunit and the temporary source detection unit, so as to realize the common view observation of multiple observation targets of the telescope, the temporary source detection unit outputs the data after formatting through the formatter 2, and the pulsar detection unit outputs the data after formatting through the formatter 3. Another data distributor is connected with the high-resolution spectral line detection unit, the baseband data detection unit and the pulsar coherent de-dispersion subunit, and receives baseband data, in the embodiment of the disclosure, the baseband data is divided into J, L, K paths, wherein the high-resolution molecular spectral line observation mode processing is performed on the J path to the high-resolution spectral line detection unit, and the data is formatted and output by the formatter 4; the L path is connected to a pulsar coherent de-dispersion subunit for high-precision pulsar observation mode processing, and the data is formatted and output by a formatter 5; and the K paths are transmitted to the baseband data detection unit for baseband technology observation mode processing, and the data is formatted and output by the formatter 6.
The following describes in detail the observation target corresponding to the observation mode.
The pulsar signal is affected by interplanetary medium to cause signal dispersion effect, and in order to compensate the effect, dispersion elimination processing is needed to restore the broadened signal to a real pulse signal. Because the signals of the pulsar reaching the earth are extremely weak, in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the signals need to be observed for a long time and folded according to the period of the pulsar. The pulsar observation mode can be divided into three sub-modes: pulsar timing, pulsar searching, pulsar coherent dispersion cancellation. The pulsar timing observation has extremely high requirements on the time accuracy and precision of a terminal system, the pulsar searching observation needs to carry out two-dimensional search on the dispersion amount and period of observation data, and the pulsar coherent dispersion elimination sub-mode can provide higher pulsar arrival time precision.
Transient sources are unknown astronomical phenomena with short duration and large flow, such as a rapid radio storm observed in recent years, and such signals are similar to pulsar signals and can generate dispersion effects when propagating in the space, but the dispersion range is wider, the duration is short and the signals are not repeated. The transient source detection needs to try and identify a dispersion amount (DM) one by one and a suspected sample, has high requirements on real-time processing and identification capacity of signals and has large calculation amount. In order to save the observation time of the telescope, the temporary source detection can be operated simultaneously with pulsar observation and other observations, and the terminal needs to have the capability of common-view observation.
Molecular lines are fixed frequency electromagnetic waves that are absorbed or emitted by a molecule in a gas state in an interstellar substance as it transitions from one of its energy levels to another, with transitions between different energy levels producing different lines. The molecular spectral line observation mode is equivalent to a spectrum analyzer, signals are converted into a frequency domain for analysis, and due to the fact that different molecular spectral lines have different requirements on spectral resolution, the molecular spectral line observation mode can be divided into a high-frequency spectral resolution observation mode and a low-frequency spectral resolution observation mode, and the molecular spectral line observation mode also needs to have the capability of simultaneously analyzing a plurality of spectral lines.
The total power observation mode obtains the flow intensity of signals by adding and averaging power spectrum data in a frequency band, can be used for observation research of active galaxy nucleus, extrariver galaxy and the like, and the radio power source has extremely high requirement on flow time-varying characteristics and needs a terminal to have higher sensitivity, stability and linearity. Furthermore, the total power observation mode can also be used for antenna or receiver measurements as a total power monitor.
The baseband data observation mode only carries out channel division on the sampled data, does not carry out calculation such as correlation and the like, and is mainly used for carrying out very long baseline interferometry, such as deep space aircraft track measurement observation and the like. The data recording format needs to be compatible with international and domestic very long baseline interferometry networks, and parameters such as observation frequency range, digital baseband channel number, quantization bit number, bandwidth and the like can be selected in a standard range. The original voltage signal of the signal recorded in the baseband data observation mode can be processed at will according to requirements, such as high-resolution frequency spectrum calculation, pulsar coherent dispersion elimination and the like, and flexible signal analysis can be provided for a new signal processing method and future new findings. The data recording rate of the baseband data observation mode is high, and the requirement on the recording bandwidth of the data storage system is high.
The above are just some common observation objects listed in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the observation mode may also be expanded according to the increase of the observation objects as the science develops.
And the radio frequency signal multiplexer 300 is configured to transmit the observation signal to the corresponding signal processing board 110. The rf signal multiplexing switch 300 may divide the received observation signals into multiple paths of signals, and send the observation signals of a preset number of paths to the signal acquisition and processing front end 100.
The multifunctional observation signal processing system further comprises a frequency synthesizer 900 and a hydrogen atomic clock 1000, wherein the frequency synthesizer 900 is configured to provide a sampling clock for the signal acquisition and processing front end 100, and the hydrogen atomic clock 1000 is configured to provide a 10M reference frequency for the frequency synthesizer 900 and a 1pps synchronization signal for the signal acquisition and processing front end 100.
The multifunctional processing system for observed signals further comprises a high-speed data network 500, and the signal acquisition and processing front end 100 transmits power spectrum data and baseband data to the multifunctional data processing back end 200 through the high-speed data network 500.
The multifunctional processing system for observing signals further comprises a storage module 600, and the multifunctional data processing back end 200 stores the data processed by the multifunctional data processing back end 200 in the storage module 600 through the high-speed data network 500. The storage module 600 may be a fixed or removable storage module such as a flash disk array or a hard disk.
The multifunctional processing system for observing signals further comprises a low-speed data network 700 and a low-speed storage module 800, wherein the control computer 400 controls the firmware loading, parameter setting and state monitoring of the signal processing board through the low-speed data network 700, and stores parameter setting signals, monitoring logs, firmware loading information and the like to the low-speed storage module 800 for permanent storage through the low-speed data network 700.
In summary, the multifunctional processing system for observation signals in the embodiment of the present disclosure develops signal acquisition and data processing firmware programs in multiple observation modes based on a repeatedly configurable FPGA high-speed signal processing platform, and is suitable for signal acquisition and processing of multiple types of receivers such as single beam, multiple beam, and ultra wideband; the method adopts a CPU/GPU heterogeneous processing cluster with strong parallel computing capability and high flexibility to develop a plurality of observation modes such as pulsar, transient source, molecular spectral line, total power, baseband data and the like, loads corresponding software and firmware programs according to an observation scientific target, adjusts the scale of computing resources according to the signal access rate and the number, and has the advantages of high system reuse degree, powerful functions, high system flexibility and strong expandability. By simultaneously calculating and outputting data in two formats of a power spectrum and a digital baseband in the signal acquisition and processing front end, the parallel requirements of observation research on different data types can be met, and the simultaneous observation of multiple observation targets of the telescope can be realized. By arranging the shared data buffer area in the multifunctional data processing rear end, a plurality of processing programs running in parallel can share data, parallel calculation of various observation tasks is realized by the minimum data moving amount, common-view observation of various observation targets of the telescope can be realized, and the observation efficiency of the telescope is improved.
On the other hand, the present disclosure also provides a processing method of the multifunctional processing system based on the above observation signal, as shown in fig. 3, the method includes:
s1, the rf signal multi-way switch 300 receives the observation signal and divides the observation signal into multiple signals to be sent to the signal acquisition and processing front end 100;
s2, the control computer 400 determines the number of the called signal processing boards according to the number of the paths of the observation signals, and controls the firmware loading, the parameter setting and the state monitoring of the signal processing boards;
s3, the signal processing board converts the observation signal into power spectrum data and baseband data and sends the power spectrum data and the baseband data to the multifunctional data processing back end 200;
s4, the multi-function data processing back end 200 selects the corresponding observation mode detecting unit to process the power spectrum data and the baseband data.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A multi-function processing system for observed signals, comprising:
the signal acquisition and processing front end (100) is used for receiving observation signals and comprises a plurality of signal processing boards (110), wherein each signal processing board (110) receives a preset path number of the observation signals and calculates power spectrum data and baseband data of the observation signals;
a multi-functional data processing back-end (200) for processing the power spectrum data and the baseband data, comprising a plurality of observation mode detection units, a plurality of data distributors and a data buffer, each data distributor being connected to at least one of the observation mode detection units, one of the data distributors being connected to the data buffer; the multiple observation mode detection unit realizes corresponding observation mode calculation on the power spectrum data and the baseband data, and a data buffer area is used for buffering the data; a radio frequency signal multiplexer (300) for transmitting the observation signal to the corresponding signal processing board (110);
the control computer (400) is used for determining the number of the called signal processing boards (110) according to the number of the paths of the observation signals and controlling the firmware loading, parameter setting and state monitoring of the signal processing boards (110);
the multiple observation mode detection units at least comprise pulsar detection units, transient source detection units, molecular spectral line detection units, total power detection units and baseband data detection units, wherein,
the pulsar detection unit comprises a pulsar searching subunit, a pulsar timing subunit and a pulsar coherent dispersion eliminating subunit, and is used for realizing the detection of pulsar signals;
the molecular spectral line detection unit comprises a low spectral line detection unit and a high spectral line detection unit and is used for realizing the detection of molecular spectral lines;
the transient source detection unit is used for realizing the detection of a transient source; the total power detection unit is used for obtaining the flow intensity of the signal; the baseband data detection unit is used for carrying out channel division on the signals;
the data distributor comprises a first data distributor and a second data distributor; the inlet end of the first data distributor receives power spectrum data, and the outlet end of the first data distributor is connected with a total power detection unit, the inlet end of a data buffer area and a low spectral line detection unit; the interface end of the second data distributor receives baseband data, and the outlet end of the second data distributor is connected with a high-resolution spectral line detection unit, a baseband data detection unit and a pulsar coherent de-dispersion subunit;
and the outlet end of the data buffer area is connected with the pulsar searching subunit, the pulsar timing subunit and the temporary occurrence source detection unit.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a high-speed data network (500), the signal acquisition and processing front end (100) transmitting the power spectrum data and baseband data through the high-speed data network (500) to the multifunction data processing back end (200).
3. The system according to claim 2, further comprising a storage module (600), the multifunctional data processing backend (200) storing the data processed by the multifunctional data processing backend (200) to the storage module (600) over the high-speed data network (500).
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a low speed data network (700) and a slow speed storage module (800), the control computer (400) controlling firmware loading, parameter setting and status monitoring of the signal processing board through the low speed data network (700), and storing parameter setting signals and monitoring logs to the slow speed storage module (800) through the low speed data network (700).
5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a frequency synthesizer (900) and a hydrogen atomic clock (1000), wherein the frequency synthesizer (900) is configured to provide a sampling clock for the signal acquisition and processing front end (100), and wherein the hydrogen atomic clock (1000) is configured to provide a 10M reference frequency for the frequency synthesizer (900) and a 1pps synchronization signal for the signal acquisition and processing front end (100).
6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing board (110) comprises a signal sampling unit (111), a power spectrum data conversion unit (112), a baseband data conversion unit (113), and a formatter (114), wherein the signal sampling unit (111) is configured to collect the observation signal and send the observation signal to the power spectrum data conversion unit (112) and the baseband data conversion unit (113) to obtain the power spectrum data and the baseband data, and the formatter (114) converts the power spectrum data and the baseband data into a format and outputs the format.
7. A processing method of a multifunctional processing system based on the observed signal of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps:
s1, the radio frequency signal multi-way switch (300) receives the observation signal, divides the observation signal into multi-way signals and sends the multi-way signals to the signal acquisition and processing front end (100);
s2, the control computer (400) determines the number of the called signal processing boards according to the number of the paths of the observation signals, and controls the firmware loading, the parameter setting and the state monitoring of the signal processing boards;
s3, the signal processing board converts the observation signal into power spectrum data and baseband data and sends the power spectrum data and the baseband data to the multifunctional data processing back end (200);
and S4, the multifunctional data processing back end (200) selects a corresponding observation mode detection unit to process the power spectrum data and the baseband data.
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