CN111503940A - Two-stage air-supply low-temperature air source heat pump system - Google Patents
Two-stage air-supply low-temperature air source heat pump system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111503940A CN111503940A CN202010302665.3A CN202010302665A CN111503940A CN 111503940 A CN111503940 A CN 111503940A CN 202010302665 A CN202010302665 A CN 202010302665A CN 111503940 A CN111503940 A CN 111503940A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/24—Storage receiver heat
Abstract
A two-stage air-supply low-temperature air source heat pump system is formed in a way that an outlet of an evaporator is communicated with an air suction port of a compressor through a four-way reversing valve, an air outlet of the compressor is communicated with an inlet of a condenser through the four-way reversing valve, an outlet of the condenser is respectively communicated with an economizer and a heat exchange tube in the economizer, an outlet of the economizer is communicated with an air supply port of the compressor to realize first-stage air supply, an outlet of the heat exchange tube of the economizer is respectively communicated with an inlet of a heat absorption tube and an inlet of a heat release tube in a phase-change heat accumulator, an outlet of the heat release tube is communicated with the air suction port; when the system works at the extremely low environmental temperature, the economizer realizes secondary air supplement for the compressor and the phase change heat accumulator, so that the condensed refrigerant waste heat is deeply utilized in a gradient manner, the air energy deficiency is made up, the stable operation area is widened, and the heat supply performance of the system at the extremely low environmental temperature of minus 25 ℃ to minus 30 ℃ is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an air source heat pump system, in particular to an air source heat pump system for supplementing air,
belongs to the technical field of energy conservation and environmental protection.
Background
A heat pump is an energy saving device that raises heat from a low temperature heat source to a high temperature heat source by consuming a portion of high grade energy, although a certain amount of high-grade energy is consumed, the supplied energy is the sum of the consumed high-grade energy and the absorbed low-grade heat, therefore, the heat pump technology has increasingly important function in solving the energy problem and the environmental pollution problem, the air source heat pump mainly absorbs the heat in the air, has the advantages of ubiquitous heat source and wide application range, is very suitable for small and medium-scale communities, office buildings or users to independently supply heat, has the refrigeration function in summer, however, the performance of the air source heat pump is greatly influenced by the ambient temperature, the air temperature in the south in winter is generally higher, therefore, the air source heat pump is widely applied to the south of the Yangtze river at present, and the following problems exist when the traditional air source heat pump is used for winter heating and heat supply of northern town buildings:
firstly, heat supply and demand conflict, when the outdoor environment temperature is low, the heating capacity of the heat pump is less, but the heat required by a heat user is more at the moment; on the contrary, when the temperature of the outdoor air is high, the heating capacity of the heat pump is more, but the heat required by a heat user is less; when the environmental temperature is extremely low, the heating capacity of the heat pump is extremely low, so that the normal heating requirement cannot be met, the flow of the circulating refrigerant in the system is extremely low, the pressure ratio of the compressor is continuously increased, the exhaust temperature and the exhaust pressure are increased rapidly, and the compressor is inevitably damaged after long-term operation; the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) of the traditional air source heat pump in an extremely low temperature environment is rapidly reduced, and the coefficient of performance Coefficient (COP) is only 1.0-1.2.
Secondly, defrosting weakens the heat supply effect, and in a heat pump system operated in the northern area, an outdoor evaporator works below zero for a long time, frost formation is inevitable, if defrosting is not timely, the heat absorption capacity of the evaporator is seriously influenced, but heat is required to be obtained from a hot user during defrosting, heat supply to the hot user is stopped, the user has obvious cold air blowing feeling, a unit is difficult to start under a low-temperature working condition, the unit is often easy to burn out during a starting stage or heating recovery after defrosting is finished, and the heat supply effect of the heat pump is seriously influenced.
Thirdly, the air source heat pump operates at low ring temperature, the exhaust temperature of a compressor is high, and the safety problem of the unit is outstanding, so that the air source heat pump can be applied in large scale in northern areas to replace traditional high-energy-consumption heating equipment such as coal-fired, oil-fired boilers, electric heating heaters and the like, and the key problem existing when the heat pump system operates at low temperature needs to be solved by technical measures such as improving the process of the heat pump system and improving the safety of the unit.
In order to solve the problems of the air source heat pump in the operation under the low temperature environment, a special compressor of a vortex heat pump adopting middle injection and a quasi-two-stage compressed air source heat pump system with an economizer and a flash tank are adopted, the heating performance of the heat pump is improved by the middle air supplement of the compressor, the phenomenon that the exhaust temperature and the exhaust pressure of the compressor are overhigh in a low-temperature environment is well solved, but as the ambient temperature decreases, the heating capacity and COP decay of the system are still very large, and the problem of poor defrosting performance is not solved, meanwhile, the compressor power redundancy of the heat pumps is too large, so that the operation economy is not high, the initial investment is large, although the two-stage coupling heat pump heating system and the two-stage compressed air source heat pump system can meet the heating quantity requirement, but finally, the heating capacity is improved by increasing the electric power of the compressor, the energy is high, the use is low, the system is numerous and complex, and the heat loss is large.
Before the subject group, a phase change heat storage air source heat pump hot water unit is disclosed, the publication number is CN102798214A, the heat pump unit is provided with a phase change heat storage device, stored heat is utilized to supplement air to the middle part of a compressor, single air supplement is realized, the heat supply performance, the operation safety and the stability of the heat pump are greatly improved, the coefficient of performance COP of heat supply reaches about 2.05 under the low temperature condition of minus 25 ℃, through continuous and deep research, a two-stage air supplement high-efficiency ultralow temperature air source heat pump unit is provided, and the coefficient of performance COP of heat supply reaches more than 2.44 when the heat pump unit operates under the low temperature condition of minus 30 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of contradiction between heat supply and demand, high exhaust temperature of a compressor and poor defrosting performance when an air source heat pump operates at low ambient temperature, and provides a two-stage air-supply low-temperature air source heat pump unit which operates at extremely low ambient temperature and has a coefficient of performance coefficient of heat supply COP (coefficient of performance) as high as more than 2.44.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A two-stage air-supply low-temperature air source heat pump system comprises a compressor, an evaporator, a four-way reversing valve, a condenser, an economizer, a phase change heat accumulator and an expander; the method is characterized in that:
an outlet refrigerant pipeline of the evaporator is communicated with an air suction port of the compressor through the four-way reversing valve, an exhaust port of the compressor is communicated with an inlet refrigerant pipeline of the condenser through the four-way reversing valve, and a part of outlet refrigerant liquid of the condenser is throttled and then enters the economizer and is communicated with an air supplement port of the compressor; the other part of the gas flows through the heat exchange tube bundle in the economizer and is communicated with the gas supplementing port of the compressor through a pipeline, so that primary gas supplementing is realized; an outlet of the heat exchange tube bundle of the economizer is respectively communicated with an inlet of a heat absorption tube bundle and an inlet of a heat release tube bundle in the phase change heat accumulator, an outlet of the heat release tube bundle is communicated with an air suction port of the compressor to realize secondary air supplement, an outlet of the heat absorption tube bundle is communicated with an inlet of the expander, and an outlet of the expander is communicated with an inlet refrigerant pipeline of the evaporator to form a two-stage air supplement low-temperature air source heat pump system at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ to minus 30 ℃.
The following technical features are added.
The utility model provides a two-stage tonifying qi low temperature air source heat pump system which characterized in that: the expander is a thermostatic expansion valve or an electromagnetic expansion valve.
The utility model provides a two-stage tonifying qi low temperature air source heat pump system which characterized in that: the phase change heat accumulator is a low-temperature phase change heat accumulator, and the phase change temperature is 5-10 ℃.
The utility model provides a two-stage tonifying qi low temperature air source heat pump system which characterized in that: the working mode of the phase change heat accumulator is a heat accumulation mode, a heat release mode or a defrosting mode.
The utility model provides a two-stage tonifying qi low temperature air source heat pump system which characterized in that: the switching between the heat accumulation mode and the heat release mode is an ambient temperature control mode, and the defrosting operation mode is a timing control mode.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the two-stage air supply low-temperature air source heat pump system has the following advantages and positive effects.
The invention adopts the two-stage air supplement structure of the economizer and the phase change heat accumulator, not only fully utilizes the residual heat of the refrigerant liquid behind the condenser, but also realizes the peak shifting and valley filling of heat, solves the incompatibility of heat supply and demand in space and time, obviously improves the heating performance of the air source heat pump at low ring temperature, simultaneously utilizes the heat accumulation for defrosting, shortens the defrosting time, ensures indoor heating, and further improves the heating efficiency of the air source heat pump.
The two-stage air supplement technology for coupling the economizer and the phase change heat accumulator widens the efficient stable operation area of the air source heat pump system, the heat pump can efficiently operate under the working condition of extremely low temperature of-20 to-30 ℃, and under the condition of extremely low temperature of-25 ℃, the COP of the heat pump reaches more than 2.44, is improved by about 63 percent compared with 1.4 to 1.6 of the traditional air source heat pump system, and is improved by 20.2 percent compared with 2.03 of the air source heat pump with the economizer only.
Compared with the conventional heat pump system, the two-stage air supply air source heat pump system has the advantages that the safety and stability of the unit operation are obviously improved, even in an ultralow temperature environment, the exhaust temperature of the compressor is not higher than the protection temperature when the temperature is lower than-30 ℃ to-25 ℃, the unit can safely work for a long time, and compared with an air source heat pump only provided with an economizer, the design power of the compressor of the two-stage air supply air source heat pump is greatly reduced, and the operation economy is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a two-stage air-supply low-temperature air source heat pump system of the invention.
In the figure: 1: a compressor; 2: an evaporator; 3: a four-way reversing valve; 4: a condenser; 5: an economizer; 6: a phase change heat accumulator; 7: an expander.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in the attached drawings, the two-stage air-supply low-temperature air source heat pump system comprises a compressor 1, an evaporator 2, a four-way reversing valve 3, a condenser 4, an economizer 5, a phase change heat accumulator 6 and an expander 7; the structure of the economizer is that an outlet refrigerant pipeline of the evaporator 2 is communicated with an air suction port of the compressor 1 through a four-way reversing valve, an exhaust port of the compressor 1 is communicated with an inlet refrigerant pipeline of the condenser 4 through the four-way reversing valve, one part of outlet refrigerant liquid of the condenser 4 enters the economizer 5 after throttling, and the other part of outlet refrigerant liquid flows through a heat exchange tube in the economizer 5; refrigerant steam at the outlet of the economizer is communicated with a gas supplementing port of the compressor 1 through a pipeline to realize primary gas supplementing, the outlet of a heat exchange tube of the economizer 5 is respectively communicated with a heat absorption tube bundle and an inlet of a heat release tube bundle in the phase change heat accumulator 6, the outlet of the heat release tube bundle is communicated with a gas suction port of the compressor to realize secondary gas supplementing, the outlet of the heat absorption tube bundle is communicated with an inlet of an expander 7, and the outlet of the expander 7 is communicated with a refrigerant pipeline at the inlet of the evaporator 2.
The expander 7 can be a thermostatic expansion valve or an electromagnetic expansion valve; wherein the phase change heat accumulator 6 is a low-temperature phase change heat accumulator, and the phase change temperature is 5-10 ℃; the working mode of the phase change heat accumulator 6 is a heat accumulation mode, a heat release mode or a defrosting mode, the switching between the heat accumulation mode and the heat release mode is determined by the ambient temperature, and the defrosting mode is set to be timing.
In the above embodiment, the compressor 1 is a scroll compressor, and the compressor 1 is provided with an air suction port, an air supplement port and an air exhaust port; the phase change heat accumulator 6 is composed of a heat preservation steel shell, a phase change heat accumulation medium and two sets of heat exchange serpentine tube bundles, when the heat pump operates at an extremely low ambient temperature, two sets of refrigerant steam are supplemented into the compressor 1 except for refrigerant steam generated by the evaporator 2 entering an air suction port of the compressor 1, and first-stage air supplement is from the economizer 5 and is supplemented to an air supplement port of the compressor 1; the second stage of air supplement is from the phase change heat accumulator 6 and is supplemented to the air suction port of the compressor 1, so that enough refrigerant vapor flows through the compressor 1 at low temperature, and then enough heat is released in the condenser 4 to be supplied to a heat user, and the structure obviously improves the heating performance of the air source heat pump at low temperature.
The implementation of the above-described embodiment has the following features.
In the aspect of use, the all-weather running process in four seasons is not influenced by various weathers such as night, cloudy days, rain, snow and the like.
In the aspect of energy saving, the air source heat pump unit takes air as a low-temperature heat source to prepare heat, and the power consumption is only 1/4 of the electric boiler all the year round; compared with coal, oil and gas boilers, the energy can be saved by more than 40 percent, and the investment can be recovered in a short period.
In the aspect of environmental protection, the system has no any combustion substances and emissions during operation, and the refrigerant has zero pollution to the ozone layer, thereby having good social benefit.
In the aspect of safe and reliable operation, the whole system does not have the risks of flammability, explosiveness, poisoning, short circuit and the like possibly existing in the traditional boiler, fuel oil, gas or electric boiler, and is a safe and reliable heat supply system.
In the aspect of service life, the maintenance cost is low, the service life of the unit is as long as more than 15 years, the operation is safe and reliable, the installation is convenient, unmanned operation and full-automatic intelligent control can be realized.
In daily use, the system is comfortable and convenient to use, and can realize heating and refrigerating automation.
Claims (5)
1. A two-stage air supply low-temperature air source heat pump system comprises a compressor (1), an evaporator (2), a four-way reversing valve (3), a condenser (4), an economizer (5), a phase change heat accumulator (6) and an expander (7); the method is characterized in that:
an outlet refrigerant pipeline of the evaporator (2) is communicated with an air suction port of the compressor (1) through the four-way reversing valve (3), an exhaust port of the compressor (1) is communicated with an inlet refrigerant pipeline of the condenser (4) through the four-way reversing valve (3), and a part of outlet refrigerant liquid of the condenser (4) enters the economizer (5) after being throttled and is communicated with an air supplement port of the compressor (1); the other part of the gas flows through the heat exchange tube bundle in the economizer (5) and is communicated with a gas supplementing port of the compressor (1) through a pipeline, so that primary gas supplementing is realized; an outlet of a heat exchange tube bundle of the economizer (5) is respectively communicated with an inlet of a heat absorption tube bundle and an inlet of a heat release tube bundle in the phase-change heat accumulator (6), an outlet of the heat release tube bundle is communicated with an air suction port of the compressor (1) to realize secondary air supply, an outlet of the heat absorption tube bundle is communicated with an inlet of the expander (7), an outlet of the expander (7) is communicated with an inlet refrigerant pipeline of the evaporator (2), and a two-stage air supply low-temperature air source heat pump system at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ to minus 30 ℃ is formed.
2. The two-stage air make-up cryogenic air source heat pump system of claim 1, wherein: the above-mentioned
The expander (7) is a thermostatic expansion valve or an electromagnetic expansion valve.
3. The two-stage air make-up cryogenic air source heat pump system of claim 1, wherein: the above-mentioned
The phase change heat accumulator (6) is a low-temperature phase change heat accumulator, and the phase change temperature is 5-10 ℃.
4. A two-stage air make-up cryogenic air source heat pump system as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein: the working mode of the phase change heat accumulator (6) is a heat accumulation mode, a heat release mode or a defrosting mode.
5. The two-stage air make-up cryogenic air source heat pump system of claim 1 or 4, wherein: the switching between the heat accumulation mode and the heat release mode is an ambient temperature control mode, and the defrosting operation mode is a timing control mode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010302665.3A CN111503940A (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2020-04-17 | Two-stage air-supply low-temperature air source heat pump system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010302665.3A CN111503940A (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2020-04-17 | Two-stage air-supply low-temperature air source heat pump system |
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| CN111503940A true CN111503940A (en) | 2020-08-07 |
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| CN202010302665.3A Pending CN111503940A (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2020-04-17 | Two-stage air-supply low-temperature air source heat pump system |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102798214A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-11-28 | 太原理工大学 | Air source heat pump water heater unit with phase change heat accumulation |
| CN104748442A (en) * | 2015-04-04 | 2015-07-01 | 邹立峰 | Air source heat pump device |
| CN207716675U (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-08-10 | 湖南华强电气股份有限公司 | A kind of vehicle-mounted heat pump air conditioner |
| CN208832733U (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-05-07 | 广州宝能环境技术有限公司 | A kind of Double-working-condition air energy high temperature thermal pump water heater device |
| CN208967906U (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-06-11 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A kind of double evaporators air energy high temperature thermal pump water heater group |
-
2020
- 2020-04-17 CN CN202010302665.3A patent/CN111503940A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102798214A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-11-28 | 太原理工大学 | Air source heat pump water heater unit with phase change heat accumulation |
| CN104748442A (en) * | 2015-04-04 | 2015-07-01 | 邹立峰 | Air source heat pump device |
| CN207716675U (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-08-10 | 湖南华强电气股份有限公司 | A kind of vehicle-mounted heat pump air conditioner |
| CN208967906U (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-06-11 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A kind of double evaporators air energy high temperature thermal pump water heater group |
| CN208832733U (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-05-07 | 广州宝能环境技术有限公司 | A kind of Double-working-condition air energy high temperature thermal pump water heater device |
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