CN111503653A - 一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉 - Google Patents
一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111503653A CN111503653A CN202010337010.XA CN202010337010A CN111503653A CN 111503653 A CN111503653 A CN 111503653A CN 202010337010 A CN202010337010 A CN 202010337010A CN 111503653 A CN111503653 A CN 111503653A
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- 229910004682 ON-OFF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/47—Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
- B03C3/743—Cleaning the electrodes by using friction, e.g. by brushes or sliding elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
- F23J2217/102—Intercepting solids by filters electrostatic
Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉，包括烟囱本体，所述烟囱本体端口内壁固定连接有固定环，所述固定环内侧转动连接有转动环，所述转动环内中心处设有中空结构的中心块，所述中心块与转动环共同周向均匀转动连接有多个转轴，所述转轴上固定套接有受风叶，多个所述转轴一端均延伸至中心块内并固定连接有从动伞齿轮，所述中心块上端中心固定安装有电机。优点在于：通过设置丝杆(电晕线)与正极板对烟囱本体内部形成静电场，使灰尘颗粒荷电附着在正极板上，利用烟气对受风叶的自然驱动，带动中心块、丝杆转动，通过第一连杆带动刮灰板对正极板内周面上的灰尘剥离，使灰尘通过的落灰孔并被浸湿，实现快速降尘。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锅炉技术领域，尤其涉及一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉。
背景技术
锅炉是一种能量转换设备，向锅炉输入的能量有燃料中的化学能、电能，锅炉输出具有一定热能的蒸汽、高温水或有机热载体。
锅的原义指在火上加热的盛水容器，炉指燃烧燃料的场所，锅炉包括锅和炉两大部分。锅炉中产生的热水或蒸汽可直接为工业生产和人民生活提供所需热能，也可通过蒸汽动力装置转换为机械能，或再通过发电机将机械能转换为电能。
锅炉在工作过程中会产生大量烟气(包括飞灰和炭黑)，未经净化之前的排放指标是的环境保护规定指标的数倍或几十倍。控制这些物质排放的措施有燃烧前处理、改进燃烧技术、除尘等，借助高烟囱只能降低烟囱附近地区大气中污染物的浓度，降尘过程其需要经过分流、旋风分离等多个步骤，无法达到快速除尘的目的。
为解决上述问题，我们提出了一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决背景技术中的问题，而提出的一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉，包括烟囱本体，所述烟囱本体端口内壁固定连接有固定环，所述固定环内侧转动连接有转动环，所述转动环内中心处设有中空结构的中心块，所述中心块与转动环共同周向均匀转动连接有多个转轴，所述转轴上固定套接有受风叶，多个所述转轴一端均延伸至中心块内并固定连接有从动伞齿轮，所述中心块上端中心固定安装有电机，所述电机的输出端贯穿中心块上端并固定连接有与多个从动伞齿轮啮合连接的主动伞齿轮，所述中心块下端固定连接有丝杆，所述烟囱本体中部嵌设有环形的正极板，所述烟囱本体外侧固定安装有高压直流电源，所述高压直流电源的正负接线柱分别与正极板、丝杆电性连接；所述丝杆上螺纹套接有升降块，所述升降块外周面周向均匀转动连接有多个第一连杆，所述第一连杆远离升降块的一端固定连接有弧形的刮灰板，所述升降块上端对称固定安装有两个电动推杆，两个的所述电动推杆的伸缩端共同固定连接有驱动环，且驱动环套接在丝杆上，所述驱动环外周面且在第一连杆的对应位置上转动连接有第二连杆，所述第二连杆远离驱动环的一端固定连接有限位销，所述第一连杆上开设有与限位销滑动连接的腰型孔，所述丝杆上固定套接有上限位块与下限位块，且升降块位于上限位块与下限位块之间，所述驱动环与升降块相背一侧分别固定安装有上微动开关与下微动开关，所述上微动开关、下微动开关、两个电动推杆、电机与延时开关、外置电源电性连接。
在上述的具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉中，所述正极板外环面固定连接有绝缘板。
在上述的具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉中，每两个相邻所述刮灰板之间存有间隙，每两个相邻的所述刮灰板之间共同固定连接有弹性板。
在上述的具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉中，所述烟囱本体且在正极板的下端周向开设有多个落灰孔，所述烟囱本体外壁且在落灰孔下方固定套接有盛水盒，所述盛水盒下端连通有放水管，所述烟囱本体内壁且在落灰孔下端固定连接有呈圆台状的挡风板。
在上述的具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉中，所述落灰孔呈燕尾状，所述落灰孔的宽面端朝向烟囱本体内，且其窄面端朝向烟囱本体外。
在上述的具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉中，所述电机为步进电机，且电机的步距角为180°。
在上述的具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉中，所述正极板上下端均通过绝缘环与烟囱本体固定连接，所述中心块、升降块、上限位块和下限位块均采用绝缘材料制成。
与现有的技术相比，本具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉的优点在于：
通过设置丝杆(电晕线)与正极板对烟囱本体内部形成静电场，使灰尘颗粒荷电附着在正极板上，利用烟气对受风叶的自然驱动，带动中心块、丝杆转动，通过第一连杆带动刮灰板对正极板内周面上的灰尘剥离，使灰尘通过的落灰孔并被浸湿，实现快速降尘。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉正剖面图；
图2为图1中A处放大的结构示意图；
图3为本发明提出的一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉A-A向剖面图；
图4为图3中B处放大的结构示意图；
图5为本发明提出的一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉B-B向剖面图。
图中：1烟囱本体、2固定环、3转动环、4受风叶、5中心块、6转轴、7电机、8主动伞齿轮、9正极板、10绝缘板、11高压直流电源、12上限位块、13下限位块、14丝杆、15升降块、16第一连杆、17驱动环、18电动推杆、19上微动开关、20下微动开关、21腰型孔、22限位销、23第二连杆、24落灰孔、25挡风板、26盛水盒、27放水管、28刮灰板。
具体实施方式
以下实施例仅处于说明性目的，而不是想要限制本发明的范围。
实施例
参照图1-5，一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉，包括烟囱本体1，烟囱本体1端口内壁固定连接有固定环2，固定环2内侧转动连接有转动环3，转动环3内中心处设有中空结构的中心块5，中心块5与转动环3共同周向均匀转动连接有多个转轴6，转轴6上固定套接有受风叶4，多个转轴6一端均延伸至中心块5内并固定连接有从动伞齿轮，中心块5上端中心固定安装有电机7，电机7的输出端贯穿中心块5上端并固定连接有与多个从动伞齿轮啮合连接的主动伞齿轮8，中心块5下端固定连接有丝杆14，烟囱本体1中部嵌设有环形的正极板9，烟囱本体1外侧固定安装有高压直流电源11，高压直流电源11的正负接线柱分别与正极板9、丝杆14电性连接；
丝杆14上螺纹套接有升降块15，升降块15外周面周向均匀转动连接有多个第一连杆16，第一连杆16远离升降块15的一端固定连接有弧形的刮灰板28，多个刮灰板28外围形成接近于360°的刮灰周面，升降块15上端对称固定安装有两个电动推杆18，两个的电动推杆18的伸缩端共同固定连接有驱动环17，且驱动环17套接在丝杆14上，驱动环17外周面且在第一连杆16的对应位置上转动连接有第二连杆23，第二连杆23远离驱动环17的一端固定连接有限位销22，第一连杆16上开设有与限位销22滑动连接的腰型孔21，丝杆14上固定套接有上限位块12与下限位块13，且升降块15位于上限位块12与下限位块13之间，驱动环17与升降块15相背一侧分别固定安装有上微动开关19与下微动开关20，上微动开关19、下微动开关20、两个电动推杆18、电机7与延时开关、外置电源电性连接。
正极板9外环面固定连接有绝缘板10，对正极板9进行保护。
每两个相邻刮灰板28之间存有间隙，每两个相邻的刮灰板28之间共同固定连接有弹性板，留有刮灰板28向上翘起的空间。
烟囱本体1且在正极板9的下端周向开设有多个落灰孔24，烟囱本体1外壁且在落灰孔24下方固定套接有盛水盒26，盛水盒26下端连通有放水管27，烟囱本体1内壁且在落灰孔24下端固定连接有呈圆台状的挡风板25，挡风板25阻挡烟气对已从正极板9上剥离的灰尘造成影响且便于灰尘在自身重力作用下落入落灰孔24。
落灰孔24呈燕尾状，落灰孔24的宽面端朝向烟囱本体1内，且其窄面端朝向烟囱本体1外，位于烟囱本体1内侧的落灰孔24之间间距较小，便于灰尘落出。
电机7为步进电机，且电机7的步距角为180°，保证受风叶4旋转半周。
正极板9上下端均通过绝缘环与烟囱本体1固定连接，中心块5、升降块15、上限位块12和下限位块13均采用绝缘材料制成。
本发明中将与正极板9、丝杆14相连接的结构组件均设置为绝缘的，目的是为了避免影响正极板9与丝杆14之间的空气电离，此处的丝杆14相当于电晕线，在高压直流电源11正负接线柱分别与正极板9、丝杆14连接后，正极板9与丝杆14将两者之间流经的空气进行电离，形成大量的正离子与自由电子，自由电子在向正极板9漂移的过程中与尘埃中的中性分子或颗粒发生碰撞，使粉尘颗粒成为荷电粒子，最后尘积在正极板9内侧。
需要说明的是，电机7、电动推杆18、上微动开关19和下微动开关20与外置直流电源连接，微动开关为双联双触点微动开关，在电机7与电动推杆18串联后形成一个整体，上微动开关19与下微动开关20动触点分别接外置直流电源的正负极，常开和常闭触点并联后与上述整体连接，两个微动开关一个按压，另一个就会自动弹起，实现电机7正反转、电动推杆18伸缩的切换。
烟气在烟囱本体1内从下至上排出，由于受风叶4为了接受风力，通常为倾斜设置，多个受风叶4在不断受到风力影响下带动中心块5、丝杆14转动。本发明先以升降块15在正极板9上方为初始状态进行说明，此时受风叶4带动中心块5、丝杆14转动，并带动升降块15下降，电动推杆18为伸长状态，第一连杆16为水平状态，刮灰板28处于与烟囱本体1内壁接触的状态，在受风叶4不断转动下，升降块15不断通过第一连杆16带动刮灰板28下移，并将附着在正极板9内壁上的灰尘颗粒不断剥离、累积直至运动至第一连杆16与挡风板25接触时，灰尘颗粒中自由电子中和，从而沿挡风板25、落灰孔24落至在盛水盒26上，被水浸湿后收集；
且此时的下微动开关20与下限位块13挤压后，电机7自动驱动主动伞齿轮8，使其旋转180°，主动伞齿轮8同时带动多个从动伞齿轮和与之固定连接的转轴6、受风叶4转动180°，则受风叶4在烟气作用下逆向转动，进而实现丝杆14逆向转动，升降块15逐渐上升，与此同时，电动推杆18收缩，并通过第二连杆23带动第一连杆16向上摆动，刮灰板28向上翘起，不与正极板9接触，避免刮灰动作。需要说明的是，延时开关起到延时关闭电源的作用，目的是为了电机7与电动推杆18产生相应动作。
在使用一定周期后，可打开放水管27上的开关阀，放出污水，重新加入水即可。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉，包括烟囱本体(1)，其特征在于，所述烟囱本体(1)端口内壁固定连接有固定环(2)，所述固定环(2)内侧转动连接有转动环(3)，所述转动环(3)内中心处设有中空结构的中心块(5)，所述中心块(5)与转动环(3)共同周向均匀转动连接有多个转轴(6)，所述转轴(6)上固定套接有受风叶(4)，多个所述转轴(6)一端均延伸至中心块(5)内并固定连接有从动伞齿轮，所述中心块(5)上端中心固定安装有电机(7)，所述电机(7)的输出端贯穿中心块(5)上端并固定连接有与多个从动伞齿轮啮合连接的主动伞齿轮(8)，所述中心块(5)下端固定连接有丝杆(14)，所述烟囱本体(1)中部嵌设有环形的正极板(9)，所述烟囱本体(1)外侧固定安装有高压直流电源(11)，所述高压直流电源(11)的正负接线柱分别与正极板(9)、丝杆(14)电性连接；
所述丝杆(14)上螺纹套接有升降块(15)，所述升降块(15)外周面周向均匀转动连接有多个第一连杆(16)，所述第一连杆(16)远离升降块(15)的一端固定连接有弧形的刮灰板(28)，所述升降块(15)上端对称固定安装有两个电动推杆(18)，两个的所述电动推杆(18)的伸缩端共同固定连接有驱动环(17)，且驱动环(17)套接在丝杆(14)上，所述驱动环(17)外周面且在第一连杆(16)的对应位置上转动连接有第二连杆(23)，所述第二连杆(23)远离驱动环(17)的一端固定连接有限位销(22)，所述第一连杆(16)上开设有与限位销(22)滑动连接的腰型孔(21)，所述丝杆(14)上固定套接有上限位块(12)与下限位块(13)，且升降块(15)位于上限位块(12)与下限位块(13)之间，所述驱动环(17)与升降块(15)相背一侧分别固定安装有上微动开关(19)与下微动开关(20)，所述上微动开关(19)、下微动开关(20)、两个电动推杆(18)、电机(7)与延时开关、外置电源电性连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉，其特征在于，所述正极板(9)外环面固定连接有绝缘板(10)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉，其特征在于，每两个相邻所述刮灰板(28)之间存有间隙，每两个相邻的所述刮灰板(28)之间共同固定连接有弹性板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉，其特征在于，所述烟囱本体(1)且在正极板(9)的下端周向开设有多个落灰孔(24)，所述烟囱本体(1)外壁且在落灰孔(24)下方固定套接有盛水盒(26)，所述盛水盒(26)下端连通有放水管(27)，所述烟囱本体(1)内壁且在落灰孔(24)下端固定连接有呈圆台状的挡风板(25)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉，其特征在于，所述落灰孔(24)呈燕尾状，所述落灰孔(24)的宽面端朝向烟囱本体(1)内，且其窄面端朝向烟囱本体(1)外。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉，其特征在于，所述电机(7)为步进电机，且电机(7)的步距角为180°。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有快速降尘功能的节能型锅炉，其特征在于，所述正极板(9)上下端均通过绝缘环与烟囱本体(1)固定连接，所述中心块(5)、升降块(15)、上限位块(12)和下限位块(13)均采用绝缘材料制成。
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