CN111500645A - Ensiling process and ensiling device based on water content complementary type - Google Patents
Ensiling process and ensiling device based on water content complementary type Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a silage process and a silage device based on a water content complementary type. An ensiling process based on a complementary type of water content, comprising the steps of: (1) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed fruit and vegetable waste to obtain a solid part and a liquid part, conveying the solid part to an ensiling device, and feeding the liquid part into a liquid storage tank for later use; (2) blending and mixing the crushed dry yellow lignocellulose raw material with the liquid part to obtain a blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material; (3) and (3) conveying the blended dry and yellow lignocellulose raw material obtained in the step (2) to a ensiling device, mixing the dry and yellow lignocellulose raw material with the solid part obtained in the step (1), and then ensiling. According to the invention, the solid-liquid separation is carried out on the fruit and vegetable garbage, so that on one hand, the silage quality of the fruit and vegetable garbage can be improved; on the other hand, the liquid part from the fruit and vegetable wastes is used for adjusting the water content of the dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials, thereby synchronously realizing the water saving and the silage quality improvement.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of ensiling processes, and particularly relates to an ensiling process and an ensiling device based on water content complementary type.
Background art:
in China, the annual output of lignocellulose raw materials such as corn straws, wheat straws and the like can reach about 7 hundred million tons, and most of the lignocellulose raw materials are abandoned in farmlands or burned on the spot except a small amount of the lignocellulose raw materials are used for feed and paper making, so that resources are wasted, and the environment is polluted. The annual output of the fruit and vegetable wastes is about 1300 ten thousand tons of fruit residues and 5000 ten thousand tons of vegetable residues, and the fruit and vegetable wastes have the characteristics of high water content and easy decay and deterioration and are easy to cause environmental pollution.
Biogas is a renewable clean energy source, is one of the main ways of realizing energy utilization of organic wastes by using an anaerobic fermentation technology, and can synchronously realize effective means of treating and recycling the organic wastes. Lignocellulose raw materials such as corn straws, wheat straws and the like and fruit and vegetable wastes are rich in organic matters and can be used as raw materials for anaerobic digestion. In the process of preparing the biogas by using lignocellulose and fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials, the supply seasonality and the demand persistence of the raw materials are key limiting factors of engineering application, so how to realize efficient raw material storage becomes necessary. In recent years, ensilage has become the preferred preservation method with its unique advantages.
Currently common ensiling processes are low moisture ensiling and mixed ensiling. Low moisture ensiling, also known as semi-dry ensiling, withering ensiling, is the ensiling after the water content of the raw materials is reduced by natural drying or artificial drying after the raw materials are harvested. The main quality index of the semi-dry silage is water content, and the high water content can cause the clostridium to rapidly propagate to generate excessive acid substances; if the water content is too low, the loss of the leaf quantity of the plant can be increased, the plant is not easy to compact, and the water content of the semi-dry ensiling raw material is generally controlled to be 40-70%. The mixed silage aims to meet the propagation requirement of lactic acid bacteria and create nutrient balance conditions, and substances rich in saccharide are added during silage, so that the aim of improving the silage quality is fulfilled. The water content of the lignocellulose raw materials such as corn straws, wheat straws and the like after being harvested is usually lower than 20%, and the water content of the fruit and vegetable wastes is as high as more than 85%, which are in the range not suitable for ensiling, thus affecting the ensiling quality.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a silage process and a silage device based on complementary water content, solves the problem that the raw materials are mildewed due to the fact that low-moisture lignocellulose raw materials and high-moisture fruit and vegetable wastes are difficult to store in high quality, and provides guarantee for realizing efficient anaerobic conversion of dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials and fruit and vegetable wastes; meanwhile, the invention solves the problems that the ensiling effect of a single raw material is poor and most of mixed raw materials can achieve the ideal ensiling effect only by adding additives, realizes the recycling of percolate after ensiling, saves water resources to the maximum extent, lightens the sewage treatment load of a sewage plant and has higher social and economic benefits.
The invention aims to provide an ensiling process based on a water content complementary type, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed fruit and vegetable waste to obtain a solid part and a liquid part, conveying the solid part to an ensiling device, and feeding the liquid part into a liquid storage tank for later use;
(2) blending and mixing the crushed dry and yellow lignocellulose raw material with the liquid part stored in the liquid storage tank for later use in the step (1) to obtain a blended dry and yellow lignocellulose raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the dry and yellow lignocellulose raw material to the liquid part is 1: 8-1: 12, and the blending and mixing time is 12-24 hours;
(3) and (3) conveying the blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material obtained in the step (2) to an ensiling device, mixing the dry yellow lignocellulose raw material with the solid part obtained in the step (1), and ensiling, wherein the mass ratio of the blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material to the solid part is 1: 5-2: 1, so that the water content of the mixed fermentation raw material is ensured to be 40-70%, and the ensiling time is 70-100 days. The ensiling process is a semi-dry type mixed ensiling process.
Preferably, the above-mentioned ensiling process further comprises step (4): and (3) mixing the percolate obtained in the ensiling process in the step (3) with the liquid part obtained in the step (1), and jointly entering the percolate into the step (2) to be mixed with the crushed dry and yellow lignocellulose raw material.
Preferably, the dry yellow lignocellulose raw material is crop straw or energy plants. The crop straws comprise corn straws and other crop straws, and the energy plants comprise grassiness and the like.
Preferably, the solid-liquid separation of the fruit and vegetable waste is two-step solid-liquid separation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the first step is grid separation, the crushed fruit and vegetable waste is subjected to primary separation through a grid, and solid parts are remained on the grid; and in the second step, the solid part left on the grid is subjected to precision dehydration through a screw press to obtain a solid part and a liquid part.
Preferably, the water content of the fruit and vegetable waste is 85-90%.
The invention also discloses a silage device based on complementary water content, which comprises a pretreatment device and a silage device, wherein the silage device comprises a silage pool, the pretreatment device comprises a fruit and vegetable waste crusher, a dehydration device, a solid part collecting device, a liquid pool, an adjusting pool and a dry yellow wood fiber raw material crusher, the fruit and vegetable waste is crushed by the fruit and vegetable waste crusher, after dehydration is carried out by the dehydration device, the dehydrated solid part is conveyed into the silage pool of the silage device by the solid waste collecting device, the dehydrated liquid part flows into the liquid pool, the dry yellow wood fiber raw material is conveyed into the adjusting pool by the dry yellow wood fiber raw material crusher and mixed with the liquid part in the liquid pool to obtain a solid-liquid mixture, the solid-liquid mixture is transferred into the silage pool, and is mixed and compacted with the dehydrated solid part for silage, the silage pool bottom be provided with filtration liquid collecting system, the silage pool side is provided with evacuating device, filtration liquid collecting system comprises rubble filter layer, filtration liquid collecting pipe, filtration liquid barrier layer and concrete bottom, and the filtration liquid collecting pipe comprises a plurality of filtration liquid collecting branch pipe and main pipe, and each filtration liquid collecting branch pipe is connected with the main pipe, filtration liquid collecting branch pipe on set up a plurality of aperture, filtration liquid that the silage in-process obtained filters the back through the rubble filter layer, flows into in the filtration liquid collecting branch pipe, each filtration liquid collecting branch pipe in the filtration liquid transports filtration liquid to the liquid reserve tank in the back is collected through the main pipe to recycle.
Preferably, the percolate collecting branch pipe is provided with a gradient of 5-10 degrees. The leachate that flows in flows into the main pipe with a certain gradient (5-10 degrees) by the gravity of the leachate, and the leachate in the ensiling process is recycled.
Preferably, the main pipe is sequentially connected with a vacuum valve and a lift pump, and percolate in each percolate collecting branch pipe is collected by the main pipe and then transported to a liquid storage tank through the vacuum valve and the lift pump for cyclic utilization. The size of the stones on the upper layer of the gravel filter layer is 40-60 mm, the size of the stones on the lower layer of the gravel filter layer is 25-40 mm, small holes with the aperture of about 15-20 mm are formed in the percolate collecting branch pipe, and percolate flows into the percolate collecting branch pipe after being filtered by the gravel filter layer. Meanwhile, the gravel filtering layer is a reverse filtering system with a large upper part and a small lower part.
Preferably, the side wall of the ensiling pool is provided with a first clamping groove, the bottom of the ensiling pool is provided with a second clamping groove, and the polypropylene film is arranged on the upper part of the ensiling pool through the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove, so that the whole ensiling pool forms a closed system, and the vacuumizing operation is realized. The ensiling pond body comprises reinforced concrete wall body, ensiling pond can form sealing system at the upper strata, mainly constitute by pond body draw-in groove and polyethylene membrane, through the draw-in groove mode with the polypropylene membrane be fixed in ensiling pond one end on, cover two-layer polypropylene membrane on the material afterwards, be fixed in ensiling pond ground one end with the polypropylene membrane on, form a closed system, realize the evacuation operation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the solid-liquid separation is carried out on the fruit and vegetable garbage, so that on one hand, the silage quality of the fruit and vegetable garbage can be improved; on the other hand, the liquid part from the fruit and vegetable wastes is used for adjusting the water content of the dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials, thereby synchronously realizing the water saving and the silage quality improvement.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a complementary ensiling process based on water content;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a complementary type silage device based on water content;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a percolate collection tube arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a top view of the percolate collecting tube;
description of reference numerals:
1. a fruit and vegetable waste crusher; 2. a dewatering device; 3. a solids fraction collection means; 4. a liquid storage tank; 5. a regulating tank; 6. a vacuum pumping device; 7. a macadam filtration layer; 8. a percolate collecting pipe; 9. a percolate collecting branch pipe; 10. a leachate barrier layer; 11. a concrete bottom layer; 12. a ensiling pond; 13. a lift pump; 14. a vacuum valve; 15. a first card slot; 16. a second card slot; 17. a polypropylene film.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Unless otherwise specified, the devices and materials mentioned in the present invention are commercially available.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the ensiling device based on the complementary type of water content comprises a pretreatment device and an ensiling device, wherein the ensiling device comprises an ensiling pool, the pretreatment device comprises a fruit and vegetable waste crusher 1, a dehydration device 2, a solid part collection device 3, a liquid pool 4, a regulating pool 5 and a dry and yellow wood fiber raw material crusher, in the invention, a screw press is used as the dehydration device, and a storage tank is used as the collection device. Fruit and vegetable waste is crushed by a fruit and vegetable waste crusher 1, after dehydration is carried out by a dehydration device 2, the dehydrated solid part is conveyed into an ensiling pool 12 of an ensiling device by a solid part collection device 3, the dehydrated liquid part flows into a liquid storage pool 4, a dry-yellow lignocellulose raw material is conveyed into an adjusting pool 5 by a dry-yellow lignocellulose raw material crusher and is mixed with the liquid part in the liquid storage pool 4 to obtain a solid-liquid mixture, the solid-liquid mixture is transferred into the ensiling pool 12 and is mixed and compacted with the dehydrated solid part for ensiling, the bottom of the ensiling pool 12 is provided with a percolate collection system, the side part of the ensiling pool is provided with a vacuum pumping device 6 (mainly composed of a vacuum pumping pipe and a vacuum pumping pump), the percolate collection system is composed of a crushed stone filter layer 7, a percolate collection pipe 8, a percolate impermeable layer 10 and a concrete bottom layer 11, the filtration liquid collecting pipe 8 is collected branch pipe 9 and main pipe by a plurality of filtration liquid and is constituteed, each filtration liquid is collected branch pipe 9 and main union coupling, the main pipe connects gradually vacuum valve and elevator pump, set up a plurality of aperture on the filtration liquid collecting branch pipe 9, filtration liquid that the silage in-process obtained filters the back through rubble filter layer 7, flow in filtration liquid and collect in the branch pipe 9, filtration liquid in each filtration liquid collecting branch pipe collects the back through the main pipe, transport to liquid storage tank 4 well cyclic utilization through vacuum valve 14 and elevator pump 13.
In the invention, the percolate collecting branch pipe 9 is provided with a gradient of 5-10 degrees, and the inflowing percolate flows into the main pipe with a certain gradient (5-10 degrees) by the gravity of the percolate collecting branch pipe, so that the percolate in the ensiling process is recycled. The gradient of the percolate collecting branch pipe 9 and the main pipe can be determined according to the actual situation.
In the invention, the size of the upper layer stones of the gravel filter layer 7 is 40-60 mm, the size of the lower layer stones is 25-40 mm, small holes with the hole diameter of about 15-20 mm are formed in the percolate collecting branch pipe 9, and in the actual ensiling process, the size of the upper layer stones, the size of the lower layer stones and the hole diameters of the small holes of the gravel filter layer 7 can be determined by a person skilled in the art according to actual conditions. The percolate flows into the percolate collecting branch pipe 9 after being filtered by the gravel filtering layer 7, and meanwhile, the gravel filtering layer 7 is set into a reverse filtering system with a large upper part and a small lower part, so that the percolate can not flow back.
The ensiling pool is composed of reinforced concrete walls, a first clamping groove 15 is formed in the side wall of the ensiling pool, a second clamping groove 16 is formed in the bottom of the ensiling pool, and a polypropylene film 17 is arranged on the upper portion of the ensiling pool 12 through the first clamping groove 15 and the second clamping groove 16, so that the whole ensiling pool 12 forms a closed system, and vacuumizing operation is achieved. According to the invention, a sealing system can be formed at the upper part of the ensiling pool, the ensiling pool mainly comprises a pool body clamping groove and a polyethylene film, the polypropylene film is fixed on one end of the ensiling pool through the first clamping groove, then two layers of polypropylene films are covered on materials, and the polypropylene film is fixed on one end of the ground of the ensiling pool through the second clamping groove, so that a closed system is formed, and the vacuumizing operation is realized.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a silage process based on a complementary type of water content is realized by the silage device based on a complementary type of water content, and comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed fruit and vegetable waste to obtain a solid part and a liquid part, conveying the solid part to an ensiling device, and feeding the liquid part into a liquid storage tank for later use;
(2) blending and mixing the crushed dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials with the liquid part stored in the liquid storage tank for later use in the step (1) to obtain blended dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials, wherein the mass ratio of the dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials to the liquid part is 1:8, and the blending and mixing time is 12 hours;
(3) and (3) conveying the blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material obtained in the step (2) to a silage device, mixing the dry yellow lignocellulose raw material with the solid part obtained in the step (1), and performing silage, wherein the mass ratio of the blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material to the solid part is 1:5, so that the water content of the mixed fermentation raw material is 40-70%, and the silage time is 70 days.
Through detection, the pH value of the silage material in the process is lower than 4.5, and the storage effect of the material is improved.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a silage process based on a complementary type of water content is realized by the silage device based on a complementary type of water content, and comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed fruit and vegetable waste to obtain a solid part and a liquid part, conveying the solid part to an ensiling device, and feeding the liquid part into a liquid storage tank for later use;
(2) blending and mixing the crushed dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials with the liquid part stored in the liquid storage tank for later use in the step (1) to obtain blended dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials, wherein the mass ratio of the dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials to the liquid part is 1:10, and the blending and mixing time is 18 hours;
(3) and (3) conveying the blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material obtained in the step (2) to a silage device, mixing the dry yellow lignocellulose raw material with the solid part obtained in the step (1), and performing silage, wherein the mass ratio of the blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material to the solid part is 1:1, so that the water content of the mixed fermentation raw material is ensured to be 40-70%, and the silage time is 85 days.
Through detection, the pH value of the ensiled material is lower than 4.5, and the storage effect of the material is improved.
Comparative example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a silage process based on a complementary type of water content is realized by the silage device based on a complementary type of water content, and comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed fruit and vegetable waste to obtain a solid part and a liquid part, conveying the solid part to an ensiling device, and feeding the liquid part into a liquid storage tank for later use;
(2) blending and mixing the crushed dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials with the liquid part stored in the liquid storage tank for later use in the step (1) to obtain blended dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials, wherein the mass ratio of the dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials to the liquid part is 2:1, and the blending and mixing time is 18 hours;
(3) and (3) conveying the blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material obtained in the step (2) to a silage device, mixing the dry yellow lignocellulose raw material with the solid part obtained in the step (1), and performing silage, wherein the mass ratio of the blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material to the solid part is 1:1, so that the water content of the mixed fermentation raw material is ensured to be 40-70%, and the silage time is 85 days.
Through detection, the pH value of the ensiled material of the comparative example 1 is higher than 5.0, and the surface of the material is rotten and deteriorated.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a silage process based on a complementary type of water content is realized by the silage device based on a complementary type of water content, and comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed fruit and vegetable waste to obtain a solid part and a liquid part, conveying the solid part to an ensiling device, and feeding the liquid part into a liquid storage tank for later use;
(2) blending and mixing the crushed dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials with the liquid part stored in the liquid storage tank for later use in the step (1) to obtain blended dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials, wherein the mass ratio of the dry and yellow lignocellulose raw materials to the liquid part is 1:12, and the blending and mixing time is 24 hours;
(3) and (3) conveying the blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material obtained in the step (2) to a silage device, mixing the dry yellow lignocellulose raw material with the solid part obtained in the step (1), and performing silage, wherein the mass ratio of the blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material to the solid part is 2:1, so that the water content of the mixed fermentation raw material is ensured to be 40-70%, and the silage time is 100 days.
Through detection, the pH value of the silage material in the process is lower than 4.5, and the storage effect of the material is improved.
While the complementary moisture content-based ensiling process and device of the present invention have been described in detail, the above description is only for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the technical solutions and their core ideas of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and alterations also fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The ensiling process based on the water content complementary type is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed fruit and vegetable waste to obtain a solid part and a liquid part, conveying the solid part to an ensiling device, and feeding the liquid part into a liquid storage tank for later use;
(2) blending and mixing the crushed dry and yellow lignocellulose raw material with the liquid part stored in the liquid storage tank for later use in the step (1) to obtain a blended dry and yellow lignocellulose raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the dry and yellow lignocellulose raw material to the liquid part is 1: 8-1: 12, and the blending and mixing time is 12-24 hours;
(3) and (3) conveying the blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material obtained in the step (2) to a silage device, mixing the dry yellow lignocellulose raw material with the solid part obtained in the step (1), and performing silage, wherein the mass ratio of the blended dry yellow lignocellulose raw material to the solid part is 1: 5-2: 1, and the silage time is 70-100 days.
2. The complementary moisture content-based ensiling process according to claim 1, further comprising the step (4): and (3) mixing the percolate obtained in the ensiling process in the step (3) with the liquid part obtained in the step (1), and jointly entering the percolate into the step (2) to be mixed with the crushed dry and yellow lignocellulose raw material.
3. The complementary moisture content-based ensiling process according to claim 1, wherein said dry-yellow lignocellulosic feedstock is crop straw or an energy plant.
4. The complementary type ensiling process based on water content according to claim 1, wherein the solid-liquid separation of the fruit and vegetable waste is a two-step solid-liquid separation, and the process comprises the following steps: the first step is grid separation, the crushed fruit and vegetable waste is subjected to primary separation through a grid, and solid parts are remained on the grid; and in the second step, the solid part left on the grid is subjected to precision dehydration to obtain a solid part and a liquid part.
5. The complementary type ensiling process based on water content as claimed in claim 4, wherein the water content of the fruit and vegetable waste is 85% -90%.
6. The ensiling device based on the complementary moisture content type ensiling process of claim 1, which comprises a pretreatment device and an ensiling device, wherein the ensiling device comprises an ensiling pool, the pretreatment device comprises a fruit and vegetable waste crusher, a dehydration device, a solid part collecting device, a liquid storage pool, an adjusting pool and a dry and yellow wood fiber raw material crusher, fruit and vegetable waste is crushed by the fruit and vegetable waste crusher, dehydrated by the dehydration device, the dehydrated solid part is conveyed into the ensiling pool of the ensiling device by the solid waste collecting device, the dehydrated liquid part flows into the liquid storage pool, the dry and yellow wood fiber raw material is conveyed into the adjusting pool by the dry and yellow wood fiber raw material crusher and is mixed with the liquid part in the liquid storage pool to obtain a solid-liquid mixture, and the solid-liquid mixture is transferred into the ensiling pool, mixing and compacting the dewatered solid part and then ensiling the mixture, wherein a percolate collecting system is arranged at the bottom of the ensiling tank, a vacuumizing device is arranged at the side part of the ensiling tank, the percolate collecting system consists of a gravel filter layer, a percolate collecting pipe, a percolate impermeable layer and a concrete bottom layer, the percolate collecting pipe consists of a plurality of percolate collecting branch pipes and a main pipe, each percolate collecting branch pipe is connected with the main pipe, a plurality of small holes are formed in the percolate collecting branch pipes, percolate obtained in the ensiling process flows into the percolate collecting branch pipes after being filtered by the gravel filter layer, and the percolate in each percolate collecting branch pipe is transported to a liquid storage tank for recycling after being collected by the main pipe.
7. The complementary moisture content-based ensiling apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the percolate collecting branch is provided with a gradient of 5 ° to 10 °.
8. The complementary type ensiling device based on water content of claim 6, wherein the main pipe is sequentially connected with a vacuum valve and a lift pump, and the percolate in each percolate collecting branch pipe is collected by the main pipe and then transported to a liquid storage tank through the vacuum valve and the lift pump for recycling.
9. The complementary-water-content-based ensiling device according to claim 6, wherein the side walls of the ensiling pool are provided with a first clamping groove, the bottom of the ensiling pool is provided with a second clamping groove, and the polypropylene film is arranged at the upper part of the ensiling pool through the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove, so that the whole ensiling pool forms a closed system.
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