CN111496961A - 一种非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材的制备方法，该方法包括以下步骤：将实木构件用针刺装置刺扎孔后，喷撒非晶火成岩粉末，然后采用超声波辅助非晶火成岩粉末进入木材针孔中，并经振动填充密实，再涂刷浸渍环氧树脂，之后进行滚压，固化养护干燥后进行表面整理砂光和表面涂饰，得到所述非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材。本发明的方法，可有效解决人工林木材木质松软、密度小、易形变等缺陷问题，使木材密度增大、强度增高、耐水性能、防腐性能、尺寸稳定性能得到显著提高，环保无甲醛释放，制得的非晶火成岩密实增强处理的木材可以代替实木硬木，用于地板、木门、家具、装饰、房屋结构、车船制造等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于速生人工林木材材性改良技术领域，尤其涉及一种非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材及其制备方法。
背景技术
人工林生长迅速，树干通直，木材纹理通直，材质轻软，力学性能差，生长应力大，干缩和湿胀容易变形开裂。人工林木材的缺陷限制了它的应用范围和使用价值，选择适当的方式对其材性进行改良处理是扩大人工林应用范围和使用价值的必然要求。
中国发明专利申请CN108705635A公开了一种增强改性人工林木材制备方法，该方法具体为：酚醛树脂溶液的制备、改性硅酸盐溶液的制备、复合改性剂的制备和对木材进行浸渍改性与干燥处理得到改性人工林木材。由于无机材料的引入，提高了木材密度、硬度、尺寸稳定性等物理力学性能，尤其对木材的抗冲击性能改善比较明显，同时与同类技术相比，改性材的阻燃性能有较大提高。处理后的木材可广泛应用于建筑、家具、地面装饰材料等行业。
中国发明专利申请CN107599086A公开了一种基于环保树脂增强、阻燃改性木材的制备方法，该方法以糠醇、马来酸酐(催化剂)、乙醇和磷酸二氢铵(阻燃剂)为原料，按照一定比例调配出一种有机-无机复合木材改性液，利用该改性液对人工林木材进行浸渍处理，通过固化、干燥使糠醇树脂和磷酸二氢铵固定于木材内部，最终得到改性木材。该方法能提高木材的尺寸稳定性、密度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度，阻燃剂不易流失、抗流失性强、绿色环保，同时赋予木材良好的阻燃性，尺寸稳定性，具有显著提升人工林木材品质和附加值的优点。
中国发明专利申请CN106113188A公开了一种增强木材表面硬度的方法，该方法将家具木材表面用砂纸打磨，再在表面涂刷含1-2wt％二氧化硅的改性环氧树脂涂料，涂刷厚度为0.025-0.035mm，涂刷后在室温下放置30-35min后采用热压缩处理，热压缩处理后再在30-38℃温度下放置5-8天。该方法添加有二氧化硅能提高表层的硬度，同时经过热压缩处理以后，可使木材具有更好耐用性、抗划伤、表层不易脱落。
综上所述，现有技术通过浸渍、涂刷的方式将无机填料和有机树脂附着于木材表层或表面，处理深度有限，材性改良效果有限，亟需研究开发一种有明显效果的改性木材的方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷，提供一种非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案为：
一种非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将实木构件用针刺装置刺扎孔后，喷撒非晶火成岩粉末，然后采用超声波辅助非晶火成岩粉末进入木材针孔中，并经振动填充密实，再涂刷浸渍环氧树脂，之后进行滚压，固化养护干燥后进行表面整理砂光和表面涂饰，得到所述非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材。
上述的制备方法，优选的，所述非晶火成岩粉末中，二氧化硅含量大于70％，三氧化二铝的含量为5-10％，三氧化二铁含量小于0.5％，比重为2.62-2.65，平均粒径为15-25微米，D85为10-30微米。非晶火成岩的耐磨性仅次于钻石，超过石英和氮化硅，且独具耐高温和耐低温性能(-269-650℃)、耐酸碱、抗氧化、抗辐射、绝热隔音、防火阻燃、过滤性好、抗压缩强度和剪切强度高，适应于各种环境下使用等优异性能。本发明通过在木材中添加非晶火成岩，使得木材的力学性能大幅度增强。
上述的制备方法，优选的，所述超声波功率为5-15Kw，振动频率为30-120Hz，处理时间为1-10min。
上述的制备方法，优选的，所述环氧树脂溶液包括以下重量份的组分：环氧树脂80-100份、固化剂40-50份、活性稀释剂20-60份。
上述的制备方法，优选的，所述环氧树脂为GELR-128(环氧当量为190)，固化剂为H-113，活性稀释剂为BGE(环氧当量为190)。
上述的制备方法，优选的，所述固化养护干燥的温度为35-40℃，时间为12-24h。
上述的制备方法，优选的，所述针刺装置是由直径为2.0mm、长度为20-30mm的硬质合金钢针按5.0mm间距交叉焊接在钢板上构成；所述实木构件用针刺装置反复扎刺4-6次，扎刺深度为4-25mm。
上述的制备方法，优选的，所述滚压是指分别采用刺轮和平轮进行滚压，重复10-40次。
上述的制备方法，优选的，所述刺轮滚压的装置是在直径为200mm、长度为50-1400mm的钢轮上按5.0mm间距交叉分布有直径为3.0mm、高度为4mm的圆锥形凸起。
作为一个总的发明构思，本发明还提供一种根据上述的制备方法制备得到的非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
本发明的制备方法，采用非晶火成岩作为密实填充成分，联合针刺扎孔、超声辅助、刺轮和平轮连续滚压振动填充密实技术，可以保证木材的深度填充密实强化，同时联合采用环氧树脂浸渍、刺轮及平轮连续滚压、固化养护技术，可以保障针刺扎孔木材的力学强度不受损害。本发明的制备方法，可有效解决人工林木材木质松软、密度小、易形变等缺陷问题，使木材密度增大、强度增高、耐水性能、防腐性能、尺寸稳定性能得到显著提高，环保无甲醛释放，制得的非晶火成岩密实增强处理的木材可以代替实木硬木，用于地板、木门、家具、装饰、房屋结构、车船制造等领域。本发明的制备方法，可以提高木材的使用价值，有效节约木材资源，对于减少天然林木消耗保护青山绿水具有重要作用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例1中非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材的制备方法的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下文将结合说明书附图和较佳的实施例对本文发明做更全面、细致地描述，但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义，下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的，并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明，本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1：
一种本发明的非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材的制备方法，其工艺流程示意图如图1所示，包括以下步骤：
将90g环氧树脂GELR-128(环氧当量为190)、50g固化剂H-113和40g活性稀释剂BGE(环氧当量为190)经高速搅拌混合均匀，得到环氧树脂溶液，备用；将尺寸为1000mm×200mm×15mm的杨木构件每个表面采用针刺装置反复扎刺5次，扎刺深度4mm，喷撒非晶火成岩粉末，然后在功率为10Kw、振动频率为60Hz的超声波作用下处理1-10min，非晶火成岩粉末进入木材针孔中并经振动填充密实，填充非晶火成岩的试件用100g环氧树脂溶液均匀涂刷浸渍后，分别通过刺轮和平轮滚压交替重复碾压20次，再在35℃条件下固化养护干燥24h，进行表面整理砂光和表面涂饰，得到非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材。其中，所采用的非晶火成岩粉末中，二氧化硅含量大于70％，三氧化二铝的含量为5-10％，三氧化二铁含量小于0.5％，比重为2.64，平均粒径为20微米，D85为10-30微米；采用的针刺装置是由直径为2.0mm、长度为20-30mm的硬质合金钢针按5.0mm间距交叉焊接在钢板上构成；刺轮滚压的装置是在直径为200mm、长度为50-1400mm的钢轮上按5.0mm间距交叉分布有直径为3.0mm、高度为4mm的圆锥形凸起。
对比例1：
一种木材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
对尺寸为1000mm×200mm×15mm的杨木构件进行表面整理砂光，得到处理后的木材。
对比例2：
一种非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将90g环氧树脂GELR-128(环氧当量为190)、50g固化剂H-113和40g活性稀释剂BGE(环氧当量为190)经高速搅拌混合均匀，得到环氧树脂溶液，备用；将尺寸为1000mm×200mm×15mm的杨木构件，无针刺扎孔过程，喷撒非晶火成岩粉末，在功率为10Kw、振动频率为60Hz的超声波作用下处理1-10min，非晶火成岩粉末进入木材针孔中并经振动填充密实，填充非晶火成岩的试件用100g环氧树脂溶液均匀涂刷浸渍后，分别通过刺轮和平轮滚压交替重复碾压20次，再在35℃条件下固化养护干燥24h，进行表面整理砂光和表面涂饰，得到非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材。其中，所采用的非晶火成岩粉末中，二氧化硅含量大于70％，三氧化二铝的含量为5-10％，三氧化二铁含量小于0.5％，比重为2.64，平均粒径为20微米，D85为10-30微米；采用的刺轮滚压的装置是在直径为200mm、长度为50-1400mm的钢轮上按5.0mm间距交叉分布有直径为3.0mm、高度为4mm的圆锥形凸起。
对比例3：
一种非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将90g环氧树脂GELR-128(环氧当量为190)、50g固化剂H-113和40g活性稀释剂BGE(环氧当量为190)经高速搅拌混合均匀，得到环氧树脂溶液，备用。将尺寸为1000mm×200mm×15mm的杨木构件每个表面采用针刺装置反复扎刺5次，扎刺深度4mm，喷撒非晶火成岩粉末，无超声振动密实过程，填充非晶火成岩的试件用100g环氧树脂溶液均匀涂刷浸渍后分别通过刺轮和平轮滚压交替重复碾压20次，再在35℃条件下固化养护干燥24h，进行表面整理砂光和表面涂饰，得到非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材。其中，所采用的非晶火成岩粉末中，二氧化硅含量大于70％，三氧化二铝的含量为5-10％，三氧化二铁含量小于0.5％，比重为2.64，平均粒径为20微米，D85为10-30微米；采用的针刺装置是由直径为2.0mm、长度为20-30mm的硬质合金钢针按5.0mm间距交叉焊接在钢板上构成；刺轮滚压的装置是在直径为200mm、长度为50-1400mm的钢轮上按5.0mm间距交叉分布有直径为3.0mm、高度为4mm的圆锥形凸起。
对比例4：
一种非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将尺寸为1000mm×200mm×15mm的杨木构件每个表面采用针刺装置反复扎刺5次，扎刺深度4mm，喷撒非晶火成岩粉末，在功率为10Kw、振动频率为60Hz的超声波作用下处理1-10min，非晶火成岩粉末进入木材针孔中并经振动填充密实，无环氧树脂均匀涂刷浸渍过程，分别通过刺轮和平轮滚压交替重复碾压20次，再在35℃条件下固化养护干燥24h，进行表面整理砂光和表面涂饰，得到非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材。其中，所采用的非晶火成岩粉末中，二氧化硅含量大于70％，三氧化二铝的含量为5-10％，三氧化二铁含量小于0.5％，比重为2.64，平均粒径为20微米，D85为10-30微米；采用的针刺装置是由直径为2.0mm、长度为20-30mm的硬质合金钢针按5.0mm间距交叉焊接在钢板上构成；刺轮滚压的装置是在直径为200mm、长度为50-1400mm的钢轮上按5.0mm间距交叉分布有直径为3.0mm、高度为4mm的圆锥形凸起。
对比例5：
一种非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将90g环氧树脂GELR-128(环氧当量为190)、50g固化剂H-113和40g活性稀释剂BGE(环氧当量为190)经高速搅拌混合均匀，得到环氧树脂溶液，备用。将尺寸为1000mm×200mm×15mm的杨木构件每个表面采用针刺装置反复扎刺5次，扎刺深度4mm，喷撒非晶火成岩粉末，然后在功率为10Kw、振动频率为60Hz的超声波作用下处理1-10min，非晶火成岩粉末进入木材针孔中并经振动填充密实，填充非晶火成岩的试件用100g环氧树脂溶液均匀涂刷浸渍后，无刺轮平轮滚压过程，再在35℃条件下固化养护干燥24h，进行表面整理砂光和表面涂饰，得到非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材。其中，所采用的非晶火成岩粉末中，二氧化硅含量大于70％，三氧化二铝的含量为5-10％，三氧化二铁含量小于0.5％，比重为2.64，平均粒径为20微米，D85为10-30微米；采用的针刺装置是由直径为2.0mm、长度为20-30mm的硬质合金钢针按5.0mm间距交叉焊接在钢板上构成。
测试上述实施例1和对比例1-5中制得的非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材的各项性能，测试结果见表1。
表1非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材的方法效果
从表1可知，采用本发明的方法制备得到的非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材具有填充密度高、力学强度大、磨耗量小、体积收缩率小，可以用于地板、木门、家具、装饰、房屋结构、车船制造等领域。
Claims (10)
1.一种非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将实木构件用针刺装置刺扎孔后，喷撒非晶火成岩粉末，然后采用超声波辅助非晶火成岩粉末进入木材针孔中，并经振动填充密实，再涂刷浸渍环氧树脂，之后进行滚压，固化养护干燥后进行表面整理砂光和表面涂饰，得到所述非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述非晶火成岩粉末中，二氧化硅含量大于70％，三氧化二铝的含量为5-10％，三氧化二铁含量小于0.5％，比重为2.62-2.65，平均粒径为15-25微米。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述超声波功率为5-15Kw，振动频率为30-120Hz，处理时间为1-10min。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述环氧树脂溶液包括以下重量份的组分：环氧树脂80-100份、固化剂40-50份、活性稀释剂20-60份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述环氧树脂为GELR-128，固化剂为H-113，活性稀释剂为BGE。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述固化养护干燥的温度为35-40℃，时间为12-24h。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述针刺装置是由直径为2.0mm、长度为20-30mm的硬质合金钢针按5.0mm间距交叉焊接在钢板上构成；所述实木构件用针刺装置反复扎刺4-6次，扎刺深度为4-25mm。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述滚压是指分别采用刺轮和平轮进行滚压，重复10-40次。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述刺轮滚压的装置是在直径为200mm、长度为50-1400mm的钢轮上按5.0mm间距交叉分布有直径为3.0mm、高度为4mm的圆锥形凸起。
10.一种根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的制备方法制备得到的非晶火成岩密实增强处理木材。
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