CN111492884A - Method for constructing cedrela sinensis cutting orchard - Google Patents
Method for constructing cedrela sinensis cutting orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN111492884A CN111492884A CN202010382487.XA CN202010382487A CN111492884A CN 111492884 A CN111492884 A CN 111492884A CN 202010382487 A CN202010382487 A CN 202010382487A CN 111492884 A CN111492884 A CN 111492884A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
- A01N3/02—Keeping cut flowers fresh chemically
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
Abstract
The invention provides a method for building a cedrela sinensis cutting orchard, belongs to the technical field of cedrela sinensis planting, and comprises the management steps of mother plant planting, spike strip collecting, spike strip processing, grafting time, a grafting method, post-grafting management, spike strip production and collecting, pest control and the like. The invention establishes a whole set of cutting orchard construction technology, can shorten the time for establishing cutting orchard land, quickens the production and output of scion, solves the problem of low survival rate of grafted seedlings in the prior art, improves the grafting survival rate, can obtain a large number of scions within 90 days of culture, and can reach the annual scion yield of 32 scions per plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cedrela sinensis planting, in particular to a method for constructing a cedrela sinensis cutting orchard.
Background
The deciduous tree of Meliaceae of Ailanthus is a unique precious fast-growing tree species in China, and the wood has beautiful patterns, is corrosion resistant and easy to process, and is called as the Chinese mahogany. The cultivation of artificial Chinese toon forest is highly valued, the demand of industrial development on high-quality Chinese toon seedlings is very strong, but no improved variety of Chinese toon seeds is popularized in the whole country, the seedling sources basically take the collection of seeds and the breeding of seedlings during the artificial forest cultivation in production, and the production problems of obvious difference of growth potential of each single plant, poor quality of forest stand and the like occur in the later period of the artificial forest due to the fact that the seeds collected by each production unit and seedling growers are withered and the variation of the cultivated seedlings is large.
In the existing research, the aspects of establishment of a cedrela sinensis cutting orchard, selection of an orchard land, field planting of nursery stocks, dwarfing and pruning of mother trees, cultivation of cuttings and the like are researched and explained, but the current research is to establish the cutting orchard by using cedrela sinensis seedlings, and excellent single-plant germplasm resources are not collected and stored so as to provide the excellent single-plant germplasm resources. Meanwhile, the existing grafting method adopts a cleft grafting or bud grafting mode, wherein the cleft grafting technology needs to be carried out in 5-6 months or 9 months, and the temperature is higher at the moment, so that the survival of grafting is not facilitated; the growth speed of the scion is slow by adopting the bud grafting technology, and the yield time of the scion is relatively slow. Therefore, germplasm resource collection of excellent single cedrela sinensis plants is accelerated at will, a scion cutting garden is established, the excellent single plants can be propagated in an expanding mode, and a foundation is laid for the next cultivation of the excellent cedrela sinensis plants.
Disclosure of Invention
In addition, the grafting method provided by the invention can effectively improve the survival rate of the cedrela sinensis, shorten the cultivation time, accelerate the yield of scions, obtain a large number of scions within 90 days of cultivation, and enable the annual scion yield to reach 32 scions/plant.
In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is provided:
a method for constructing a cedrela sinensis cutting orchard comprises the following steps:
(1) planting the stock plant, namely selecting a nursery stock which grows vigorously and is straight in dry shape and grows for more than 2 years and is cultured by local cedrela sinensis seeds as the stock plant for field planting in autumn, wherein the row spacing of the planted plant is 48-52 cm × 48-52 cm;
(2) ear treatment: the scion is taken from a current-year high-quality cedrela sinensis tree with plump eyes, water is sprayed on the surface of the scion after the scion is taken down, and the cut of the scion is wrapped by wet cloth which is stained with a disinfection preservative for preservation; before grafting, cutting the scion to obtain a scion, wherein 2-3 bud eyes are reserved on the scion, the length of the scion is 5-7 cm, and a cut of the scion is provided with a short cutting surface and a long cutting surface;
(3) grafting: adopting a cutting grafting and film full sealing method for grafting, leveling the stock plant at a position 10-20 cm away from the ground, cutting on a cambium layer at the leveling position of the stock plant according to the length of a long cutting surface of a scion, grafting the long cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock plant, keeping the long cutting surface of the scion 0.08-0.12 cm higher than the cut of the stock plant, binding with a film, and completely wrapping and sealing the scion and the cut of the stock plant; spraying 0.3-0.5 g of insecticidal powder at the stumping position of the stock plant after binding;
(4) managing after grafting: applying a base fertilizer once according to the dosage of 0.22-0.25 kg/plant after grafting, and covering a film and preserving heat after applying the fertilizer; applying a water-soluble compound fertilizer for 1 time every 12-15 days, wherein the application time is 18-20 kg/mu each time, and the application time is 2-3 times; after grafting, opening a thin film at the bud eye position of the scion 15-20 days, enabling the scion to normally sprout, unbinding the thin film after the young shoot pulled out by the scion is mature, erasing the sprout on the stock plant after grafting, and removing the weeds in the nursery;
(5) after grafting survives, after the scion grows to be more than 50cm and semi-lignified, topping and sprouting promotion are started at the position of the grafting opening of more than 20-30 cm, the scion can be collected again when the scion growing again after topping and sprouting promotion grows to be semi-lignified and bud eyes sprout, and stubble leveling is carried out after the scion collection is finished, wherein the stubble leveling position is above the grafting opening, and the bud eyes are reserved.
Furthermore, the ground diameter of the stock plant nursery stock reaches 2-3cm, and the height of the stock plant nursery stock reaches more than 120 cm.
Further, the scion is selected from the top shoot of the Chinese toon tree or a lateral branch growing upwards, the length of the scion exceeds 25cm, the stem thickness is 1.5-2cm, and the new shoot of 2/3 is semi-lignified. The bean sprout on the scion is the best when the size of the soybean is large, and the optimal time for shearing the scion is 10 am or 3 pm. In order to keep the fresh state of the scion, the scion cut off should be placed in a cool and humid place, and branches cannot be extruded too tightly when stacked, so that damage to scion cutting branches is reduced.
Further, the nutrient solution is composed of 0.8-1.2% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-0.8% of ferrous sulfate, 0.02-0.04% of zinc nitrate, 1-1.5% of glucose, 0.003-0.005% of compound sodium nitrophenolate and the balance of water.
Further, the disinfection preservative comprises the following components in parts by mass: 25% carbendazim wettable powder, tea polyphenol, vitamin C, calcium nitrate and glycerol according to the mass ratio of 0.001-0.003: 0.2-0.3: 0.05-0.09: 1-4: 10-15.
Further, in the step (2), the ear cutting mode is as follows: cutting the part 2-2.5 cm below the bud eye at 35-45 degrees to form a short cutting surface, turning the cambium of the branch 0.4-0.5 cm below the other end of the bud eye, and flatly cutting the cambium to form a long cutting surface.
Further, the pesticide powder contains effective components including: 0.03-0.05% of deltamethrin, 0.005-0.008% of chitin and 0.01-0.02% of sodium thiosulfate.
Further, the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40-60 parts of water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 10-25 parts of peat soil, 5-15 parts of fermentation biogas slurry and 12-16 parts of vinegar tank.
Further, the decomposed organic fertilizer is any one of decomposed peanut bran, decomposed tea broken pieces and decomposed agricultural and forestry crop wastes or a combination thereof.
Further, the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing decomposed peanut bran, decomposed tea broken and decomposed agricultural and forestry crop wastes according to a mass ratio of 3-5: 1-2: 10-15.
Further, the method for controlling the pests comprises the following steps: the toona sinensis rust disease can be prevented and treated by dissolving 25% of wettable powder of sanrasidone in water in proportion and spraying for 2-3 times, wherein the spraying interval is 7-9 days each time.
The raw materials used in the invention are as follows: monopotassium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc nitrate, glucose, compound sodium nitrophenolate, 25% carbendazim wettable powder, tea polyphenol, vitamin C, calcium nitrate, glycerol, deltamethrin, chitin and sodium thiosulfate are purchased from chemical raw material companies at home and abroad and can be directly utilized; the compound sodium nitrophenolate is 1.8 percent of compound sodium nitrophenolate powder; the water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the water-soluble compound fertilizer have the ratio of N to P to K of 15 to 15, and are purchased from chemical fertilizer companies at home and abroad.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the grafting method provided by the invention adopts a cutting and grafting method, is simple to operate, the long cutting surface of the scion is kept 0.08-0.12 cm higher than the cut of the stock plant during grafting so as to improve the healing capacity of the scion and the stock, the scion is immediately fertilized, covered with a film for heat preservation and sprayed with an insecticide after grafting, the grafting survival rate is obviously improved, water and fertilizer are timely applied after the scion is extracted, the growth speed of the scion is high, the yield time and the annual yield of the scion are also accelerated, a large number of scions can be obtained within 90 days of culture, the annual scion yield can reach 32 per plant, and a foundation is laid for the next step of expanding and breeding of excellent single plants and improved varieties of Chinese toons.
2. The nutrient solution provided by the invention comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc nitrate, glucose and compound sodium nitrophenolate, and is applied during the cultivation of a stock plant, and the substances are matched with each other to promote the absorption of the stock plant to each nutrient element, reduce the antagonistic action among each nutrient substance, improve the utilization rate of the nutrient solution, promote the rooting of the stock plant and improve the growth rate of the stock plant.
3. The disinfection preservative provided by the invention comprises 25% carbendazim wettable powder, tea polyphenol, vitamin C, calcium nitrate and glycerol, and is dipped by wet cloth and wrapped at the cutting opening of the scion, so that the disinfection preservative has the effects of inhibiting bacteria and protecting plant wounds; and the condition that the ear stem is diseased and dead due to the closure of the internal conduit of the ear stem by the microbial propagation can be effectively avoided. Because the collection time of the cedrela sinensis scions is different, the problem that the scions cannot be connected in time in the grafting step exists, the preservation efficiency of the scions is improved under the action of the disinfection and preservation agent, and the survival rate of subsequent grafting is improved.
4. The insecticidal powder provided by the invention contains effective components including deltamethrin, chitin and sodium thiosulfate, has an insecticidal effect, has no toxic or harmful effect on the environment, can promote the regeneration of plant cells, shortens the survival time of grafting and improves the survival rate of grafting by matching the three substances.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a grafted real object of the present invention on day 1.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a real object in which a bud starts to germinate on a graft of the present invention for 14 days.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the grafted 21-day scion leaf-unfolding starting material of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a graft of the present invention taken 30 days after which the graft grows to a length of 20cm or more.
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the spike rod produced 90 days after grafting.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples in order that the advantages and features of the present invention may be more readily understood, but the scope of the invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
A method for constructing a cedrela sinensis cutting orchard comprises the following steps:
(1) planting a stock plant, namely selecting a nursery stock which grows vigorously and is straight in a dry shape and grows for more than 2 years and is cultivated by local cedrela sinensis seeds as a stock plant for field planting in autumn, wherein the ground diameter of the nursery stock of the stock plant reaches 2cm and the height of the nursery stock of the stock plant reaches more than 120cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 48cm × 48cm, watering root fixing water thoroughly after the field planting, then watering a nutrient solution once every 10 days in a drip irrigation mode, and preparing for grafting when the stock plant recovers to grow, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared by 0.8% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% of ferrous sulfate, 0.02% of zinc nitrate, 1% of glucose, 0.003% of sodium nitrophenolate and the balance of water;
(2) ear treatment: the scion is taken from the current-year high-quality cedrela sinensis tree with plump eyes and is selected from the top shoot of the cedrela sinensis tree or the lateral branch growing upwards, the length of the scion exceeds 25cm, the stem thickness is 1.5cm, and the new shoot of 2/3 is semi-lignified; cutting off the scion, spraying water on the surface of the scion, and wrapping the cut of the scion by wet cloth stained with a disinfection preservative for preservation; the disinfection preservative is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 25% carbendazim wettable powder, tea polyphenol, vitamin C, calcium nitrate and glycerol according to the mass ratio of 0.001:0.2:0.05:1: 10; before grafting, cutting the scion to obtain a scion, wherein 2 bud eyes are reserved on the scion, the length of the scion is 5cm, and the scion cutting mode is as follows: cutting the branch into a short cutting surface at 35 degrees 2cm below the bud eye, turning the cambium of the branch 0.4cm below the other end of the bud eye, and flatly cutting the cambium into a long cutting surface;
(3) grafting: adopting a cutting grafting and film full sealing method for grafting, leveling the stock plant at a position 10cm away from the ground, cutting on a cambium at the leveling position of the stock plant according to the length of a long cutting surface of a scion, grafting the long cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock plant, keeping the long cutting surface of the scion 0.08cm higher than the cut of the stock plant, then binding tightly by using a film, and completely wrapping and sealing the scion and the cut of the stock plant; spraying 0.3g of insecticidal powder at the stumping position of the stock plant after binding; the insecticidal powder contains the following effective components: 0.03% of deltamethrin, 0.005% of chitin and 0.01% of sodium thiosulfate;
(4) managing after grafting: applying base fertilizer once according to the dosage of 0.22 kg/plant after grafting, and covering a film and preserving heat after applying the fertilizer; applying water-soluble compound fertilizer for 1 time every 12 days, wherein the application time is 18 kg/mu each time, and the application time is 2 times; after grafting, 15d, opening a thin film at the bud eye position of the scion, enabling the scion to normally sprout, unbinding the thin film after the young shoot pulled out from the scion is aged, erasing the sprouts on a stock plant after grafting, and removing weeds in a nursery; the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40 parts of water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 10 parts of peat soil, 5 parts of fermented biogas slurry and 12 parts of vinegar tank; the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing decomposed peanut bran, decomposed tea leaves and decomposed agricultural and forestry crop wastes according to a mass ratio of 3:1: 10;
(5) after grafting survives, after the scion grows to be more than 50cm and semi-lignified, topping and sprouting promotion are started at the position of the grafting opening more than 20cm, the scion can be collected again when the scion growing again after topping and sprouting promotion grows to be semi-lignified and bud eyes sprout, and the stumping is carried out after the scion collection is finished, wherein the stumping position is above the grafting opening, and the bud eyes are reserved.
(6) The pest control method comprises the following steps: the Chinese toon rust disease can be prevented and treated by dissolving 25% wettable powder of sanrasidone in water and spraying for 2 times, wherein the spraying interval is 7 days.
The cultivation of Toona sinensis was carried out in a certain planting base in Guangxi by the method of this example, and the data after planting is recorded in Table 1. And the growth condition is photographed and observed during the cultivation. Wherein, figure 1 is the picture of the grafted 1 st day real object of the invention. FIG. 2 is a photograph of a real object in which a bud starts to germinate on a graft of the present invention for 14 days. FIG. 3 is a photograph of the grafted 21-day scion leaf-unfolding starting material of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a photograph of a graft of the present invention taken 30 days after which the graft grows to a length of 20cm or more. FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the spike rod produced 90 days after grafting.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: keeping the long cutting surface of the scion to be level with the cut of the stock plant during grafting; the base fertilizer is replaced by equal amount of water-soluble compound fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
Example 1 differs in that: the nutrient solution is replaced by water; the insecticidal powder contains 0.03-0.05% of deltamethrin as an active ingredient.
Comparative example 3
Example 1 differs in that: the disinfection and fresh-keeping agent is replaced by water.
Plant comparison
The project is implemented from 2017, the above example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 are respectively subjected to test field planting verification until the ear strips are generated, and the number of the ear strips generated in the second year of the ear strips is recorded for counting the morbidity and the survival rate in the total planting period. The results are reported in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Table of the production of different example ear strips
| Survival rate of grafting | Incidence of Toona sinensis | Producing spike strip time (sky) | Ear amount (root/plant) | |
| Example 1 | 92％ | 2％ | 90 | 32 |
| Comparative example 1 | 70％ | 3％ | 110 | 11 |
| Comparative example 2 | 48％ | 10％ | 99 | 20 |
| Comparative example 3 | 35％ | 8％ | 110 | 26 |
As can be seen from the table 1, the Chinese toon grafting method effectively improves the survival condition of grafting, the yield of the scion is short and is within 3 months, and the yield of the scion of the planting method in the embodiment 1 is larger than that of the planting method in the comparative example 1-3, so that the grafting method not only can effectively improve the survival rate of grafting and reduce the disease incidence condition, but also can improve the yield and quality of the scion.
Example 2
A method for constructing a cedrela sinensis cutting orchard comprises the following steps:
(1) planting a stock plant, namely selecting a nursery stock which grows vigorously and is straight in a dry shape and grows for more than 2 years and is cultivated by local cedrela sinensis seeds as a stock plant for field planting in autumn, wherein the ground diameter of the nursery stock of the stock plant reaches 3cm and the height of the nursery stock of the stock plant reaches more than 120cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 52cm × 52cm, watering root fixing water thoroughly after the field planting, then watering a nutrient solution once every 15 days in a drip irrigation mode, and preparing for grafting when the stock plant recovers to grow, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared by 1.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.8% of ferrous sulfate, 0.04% of zinc nitrate, 1.5% of glucose, 0.005% of sodium nitrophenolate and the balance of water;
(2) ear treatment: the scion is taken from a current-year high-quality cedrela sinensis tree with plump eyes and is selected from the top shoot of the cedrela sinensis tree or a lateral branch growing upwards, the length of the scion exceeds 25cm, the stem thickness is 2cm, and a new shoot of 2/3 is semi-lignified; cutting off the scion, spraying water on the surface of the scion, and wrapping the cut of the scion by wet cloth stained with a disinfection preservative for preservation; the disinfection preservative is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 25% carbendazim wettable powder, tea polyphenol, vitamin C, calcium nitrate and glycerol according to the mass ratio of 0.003:0.3:0.09:4: 15; before grafting, cutting the scion to obtain a scion, wherein 3 bud eyes are reserved on the scion, the length of the scion is 7cm, and the scion cutting mode is as follows: cutting the branch into a short cutting surface at an angle of 45 degrees 2.5cm below the bud eye, turning the branch to flatly cut a cambium layer 0.5cm below the other end of the bud eye, wherein the cambium layer is a long cutting surface;
(3) grafting: adopting a cutting grafting and film full sealing method for grafting, leveling the stock plant at a position 20cm away from the ground, cutting on a cambium at the leveling position of the stock plant according to the length of a long cutting surface of a scion, grafting the long cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock plant, keeping the long cutting surface of the scion 0.12cm higher than the cut of the stock plant, then binding tightly by using a film, and completely wrapping and sealing the scion and the cut of the stock plant; spraying 0.5g of insecticidal powder at the stumping position of the stock plant after binding; the insecticidal powder contains the following effective components: 0.05% of deltamethrin, 0.008% of chitin and 0.02% of sodium thiosulfate;
(4) managing after grafting: applying base fertilizer once according to the dosage of 0.25 kg/plant after grafting, and covering a film and preserving heat after applying the fertilizer; applying water-soluble compound fertilizer for 1 time every 15 days, 20 kg/mu each time, and applying fertilizer for 3 times; after 20d of grafting, opening a thin film at the bud eye position of the scion, enabling the scion to normally sprout, unbinding the thin film after the young shoot pulled out from the scion is aged, erasing the sprout on the stock plant after grafting, and removing the weeds in the nursery; the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 60 parts of water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 25 parts of peat soil, 15 parts of fermented biogas slurry and 16 parts of vinegar tank; the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing decomposed peanut bran, decomposed tea leaves and decomposed agricultural and forestry crop wastes according to a mass ratio of 5:2: 15;
(5) after grafting survives, after the scion grows to be more than 50cm and semi-lignified, topping and sprouting promotion are started at the position of the grafting opening more than 30cm, the scion can be collected again when the scion growing again after topping and sprouting promotion grows to be semi-lignified and bud sprouts, stumping is carried out after the scion collection is finished, the stumping position is above the grafting opening, and the bud is reserved.
(6) The pest control method comprises the following steps: the Chinese toon rust disease can be prevented and treated by dissolving 25% wettable powder of sanrasidone in water and spraying for 3 times, wherein the spraying interval is 9 days.
The data of the second year after planting in this example are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Example 3
A method for constructing a cedrela sinensis cutting orchard comprises the following steps:
(1) planting a stock plant, namely selecting a nursery stock which grows vigorously and is straight in dry shape and grows for more than 2 years and is cultivated by local cedrela sinensis seeds as a stock plant for field planting in autumn, wherein the ground diameter of the nursery stock of the stock plant reaches 2.5cm, the height of the nursery stock of the stock plant reaches more than 120cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 50cm × 50cm, root fixing water is poured thoroughly after the field planting, then a nutrient solution is poured once every 12 days in a drip irrigation mode, and grafting can be prepared when the stock plant grows again, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared by 1.0% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.6% of ferrous sulfate, 0.03% of zinc nitrate, 1.2% of glucose, 0.004% of sodium nitrophenolate and the balance of water;
(2) ear treatment: the scion is taken from the current-year high-quality cedrela sinensis tree with plump eyes and is selected from the top shoot of the cedrela sinensis tree or the lateral branch growing upwards, the length of the scion exceeds 25cm, the stem thickness is 1.5-2cm, and the new shoot of 2/3 is semi-lignified; cutting off the scion, spraying water on the surface of the scion, and wrapping the cut of the scion by wet cloth stained with a disinfection preservative for preservation; the disinfection preservative is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 25% carbendazim wettable powder, tea polyphenol, vitamin C, calcium nitrate and glycerol according to the mass ratio of 0.002:0.25:0.08:3: 12; before grafting, cutting the scion to obtain a scion, wherein 2 bud eyes are reserved on the scion, the length of the scion is 6cm, and the scion cutting mode is as follows: cutting the branch into a short cutting surface at 40 degrees 2.2cm below the bud eye, turning the branch to horizontally cut a cambium layer 0.45cm below the other end of the bud eye, wherein the cambium layer is a long cutting surface;
(3) grafting: adopting a cutting grafting and film full sealing method for grafting, leveling the stock plant at a position 15cm away from the ground, cutting on a cambium at the leveling position of the stock plant according to the length of a long cutting surface of a scion, grafting the long cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock plant, keeping the long cutting surface of the scion 0.1cm higher than the cut of the stock plant, then binding tightly by using a film, and completely wrapping and sealing the scion and the cut of the stock plant; spraying 0.4g of insecticidal powder at the stumping position of the stock plant after binding; the insecticidal powder contains the following effective components: 0.04% of deltamethrin, 0.007% of chitin and 0.015% of sodium thiosulfate;
(4) managing after grafting: applying base fertilizer once according to the dosage of 0.24 kg/plant after grafting, and covering a film and preserving heat after applying the fertilizer; applying water-soluble compound fertilizer for 1 time every 14 days, 19 kg/mu each time, and applying fertilizer for 2 times; after grafting, 18d, opening a film at the bud eye position of the scion, enabling the scion to normally sprout, unbinding the film after the young shoot pulled out from the scion is aged, erasing the sprouts on the stock plant after grafting, and removing weeds in the nursery; the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 50 parts of water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 18 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of fermented biogas slurry and 14 parts of vinegar tank; the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing decomposed peanut bran, decomposed tea broken and decomposed agricultural and forestry crop wastes according to a mass ratio of 4:1.5: 13;
(5) after grafting survives, after the scion grows to be more than 50cm and semi-lignified, topping and sprouting promotion are started at the position of a grafting opening of more than 25cm, the scion can be collected again when the scion growing again after topping and sprouting promotion grows to be semi-lignified and bud eyes sprout, and the stumping is carried out after the scion collection is finished, wherein the stumping position is above the grafting opening, and the bud eyes are reserved.
(6) The pest control method comprises the following steps: the Chinese toon rust disease can be prevented and treated by dissolving 25% wettable powder of sanrasidone in water and spraying for 2 times, wherein the spraying interval is 8 days each time.
The data of the second year after planting in this example are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| Survival rate of grafting | Incidence of Toona sinensis | Producing spike strip time (sky) | Ear amount (root/plant) |
| 98％ | 1％ | 88 | 33 |
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for constructing a cedrela sinensis cutting orchard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) planting the stock plant, namely selecting a nursery stock which grows vigorously and is straight in dry shape and grows for more than 2 years and is cultured by local cedrela sinensis seeds as the stock plant for field planting in autumn, wherein the row spacing of the planted plant is 48-52 cm × 48-52 cm;
(2) ear treatment: scion strips are taken from the current-year high-quality cedrela sinensis trees with plump bud eyes, water is sprayed on the surfaces of the scion strips after the scion strips are cut off, and the cuts of the scion strips are wrapped by wet cloth which is stained with a disinfecting preservative for storage; before grafting, cutting the scion to obtain a scion, wherein 2-3 bud eyes are reserved on the scion, the length of the scion is 5-7 cm, and a cut of the scion is provided with a short cutting surface and a long cutting surface;
(3) grafting: adopting a cutting grafting and film full sealing method for grafting, leveling the stock plant at a position 10-20 cm away from the ground, cutting on a cambium layer at the leveling position of the stock plant according to the length of a long cutting surface of a scion, grafting the long cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock plant, keeping the long cutting surface of the scion 0.08-0.12 cm higher than the cut of the stock plant, binding with a film, and completely wrapping and sealing the scion and the cut of the stock plant; spraying 0.3-0.5 g of insecticidal powder at the stumping position of the stock plant after binding;
(4) managing after grafting: applying a base fertilizer once according to the dosage of 0.22-0.25 kg/plant after grafting, and covering a film and preserving heat after applying the fertilizer; applying a water-soluble compound fertilizer for 1 time every 12-15 days, wherein the application time is 18-20 kg/mu each time, and the application time is 2-3 times; after grafting, opening a thin film at the bud eye position of the scion 15-20 days, enabling the scion to normally sprout, unbinding the thin film after the young shoot pulled out by the scion is mature, erasing the sprout on the stock plant after grafting, and removing the weeds in the nursery;
(5) after grafting survives, after the scion grows to be more than 50cm and semi-lignified, topping and sprouting promotion are started at the position of the grafting opening of more than 20-30 cm, the scion can be collected again when the scion growing again after topping and sprouting promotion grows to be semi-lignified and bud eyes sprout, and stubble leveling is carried out after the scion collection is finished, wherein the stubble leveling position is above the grafting opening, and the bud eyes are reserved.
2. The method for constructing a cedrela sinensis cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the ground diameter of the seedlings of the parent plants reaches 2-3cm, and the height of the seedlings reaches more than 120 cm.
3. The method for building a toona sinensis cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the ear is selected from the top shoot of a toona sinensis tree or from a lateral shoot growing upwards, the length of the ear is more than 25cm, the stem thickness is 1.5-2cm, and the young shoot of 2/3 is semi-lignified.
4. The method for constructing a cedrela sinensis cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution is composed of 0.8-1.2% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-0.8% of ferrous sulfate, 0.02-0.04% of zinc nitrate, 1-1.5% of glucose, 0.003-0.005% of sodium nitrophenolate, and the balance of water.
5. The method for constructing the cedrela sinensis cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the disinfecting and fresh-keeping agent is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 25% carbendazim wettable powder, tea polyphenol, vitamin C, calcium nitrate and glycerol according to the mass ratio of 0.001-0.003: 0.2-0.3: 0.05-0.09: 1-4: 10-15.
6. The method for constructing a toona sinensis cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the cutting manner is: cutting the part 2-2.5 cm below the bud eye at 35-45 degrees to form a short cutting surface, turning the cambium of the branch 0.4-0.5 cm below the other end of the bud eye, and flatly cutting the cambium to form a long cutting surface.
7. The method for constructing a toona sinensis cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the insecticidal powder containing active ingredients comprises: 0.03-0.05% of deltamethrin, 0.005-0.008% of chitin and 0.01-0.02% of sodium thiosulfate.
8. The method for constructing the cedrela sinensis cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40-60 parts of water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 10-25 parts of peat soil, 5-15 parts of fermentation biogas slurry and 12-16 parts of vinegar tank.
9. The method for building a cedrela sinensis cutting orchard according to claim 8, wherein the decomposed organic fertilizer is any one of decomposed peanut bran, decomposed broken tea, decomposed agricultural and forestry crop waste or a combination thereof.
10. The method for constructing a toona sinensis cutting orchard according to claim 1, further comprising a pest control method: the toona sinensis rust disease can be prevented and treated by dissolving 25% of wettable powder of sanrasidone in water in proportion and spraying for 2-3 times, wherein the spraying interval is 7-9 days each time.
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