CN111485528A - A laboratory underwater terrain profile measurement device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a measuring device for an underwater topographic profile of a laboratory, which comprises a horizontal rail, wheels, a cross beam, a vertical support frame, a plurality of depth measuring rods with scales, an upper baffle mechanism, a universal adjusting base, a lifting frame and a hook, wherein the depth measuring rods on the cross beam can move up and down, the base of the depth measuring rods can rotate freely to adapt to the gradient of the terrain, the depth of the point is measured according to the falling height of the depth measuring rods, the depths measured by a row of depth measuring rods on the cross beam are connected to form a groove of the section, and the cross beam moves on a longitudinal guide rail and can measure the shape of any section under water. This device cost is lower, and is easy and simple to handle, can measure section topography shape under water under the muddy circumstances of basin water in the experimentation, especially to soft substrate under water, the topography survey of the experiment like jet scour silt has fine suitability under water.

Description

A laboratory underwater terrain profile measurement device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic model experiments, in particular to a laboratory underwater terrain profile measurement device.

Background technique

The current scientific research methods mainly include theoretical research, numerical simulation and physical model test. For some complex theories and phenomena, such as the study of jet scouring sediment, the method of physical model test is the most intuitive and practical. The closest approach to the situation is necessary.

In the experiment of hydraulic model, underwater ultrasonic topography and laser topography are mainly used for the measurement of underwater topography. The measurement accuracy of the underwater ultrasonic topography instrument is high, but the received signal is very weak or even can not receive the signal when the local sudden change of terrain is measured, resulting in a large measurement error. For the test of jet scouring sediment, due to the high flow velocity of the jet, the sediment is lifted up, resulting in a large concentration of suspended sediment in the water. Whether it is an underwater ultrasonic topographic measuring instrument or a laser topographic measuring instrument, in high-concentration mud In the case of sand, the accuracy will be seriously affected, and even the measurement results are seriously inconsistent with the actual terrain, making it difficult to conduct scientific research.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the above technical problem, a laboratory underwater terrain profile measurement device is provided. The technical means adopted in the present invention are as follows:

A laboratory underwater topographic profile measurement device, comprising two horizontal rails arranged in parallel and extending forward and backward installed above a water tank, a horizontal beam extending from left to right is arranged above the horizontal rail, and two ends of the bottom of the horizontal rail are provided. Both are provided with wheels matched with the horizontal rails; the top ends of the beams are fixed with vertically arranged vertical support frames, and there are horizontally arranged and left and right extending vertical support frames between the two vertical support frames. a lifting frame, two ends of the lifting frame are connected with the hanging rods on the vertical support frame through hooks, and the vertical support frame is provided with a plurality of the hanging rods evenly distributed from top to bottom; the Both the beam and the lifting frame have a plurality of through holes, and a plurality of vertically arranged sounding rods with scales pass through the through holes of the lifting frame, the through holes of the beam, and can be inserted into the through holes. Moving up and down, an upper baffle mechanism is fixed on the upper part of the sounding rod, the outer diameter of the upper baffle mechanism is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole, and a lower universal base is installed on the bottom of the sounding rod.

The lower universal base includes a fixed end fixedly connected with the bottom of the sounding rod, the bottom of the fixed end has a ball head, the ball head is installed in the ball head installation cavity, and the bottom of the ball head installation cavity A contact plate is fixed, and the contact plate is circular. The contact plate can be replaced according to the strength of the subsoil in the water tank. The smaller the strength of the subsoil, the larger the area of the contact plate, and the lower universal base can be freely rotated to adapt to different slopes. When the strength of the soil is small and the area of the contact plate is already large, a floating body such as foam can be attached above the contact plate to balance the weight of the sounding rod in the water.

The upper baffle mechanism includes an annular upper baffle, and the upper baffle is sleeved on the sounding rod, and two symmetrically arranged vertical installation plates are fixed on the upper baffle. Between the two vertical mounting plates is a fixed screw which transversely passes through the sounding rod, and a locking nut is arranged on the fixed screw.

The vertical fixing frame includes two upright columns arranged in parallel, and the hanging rod is fixed between the two upright columns.

Both ends of the lifting frame are provided with embracing rings matched with the vertical fixing frame, the vertical fixing frame is arranged in the embracing rings, and the hooks are hinged with the embracing rings.

The length from the upper baffle mechanism of the sounding rod to the lower universal base is h ₁ , the depth from the beam to the bottom of the water tank is h ₂ , and h ₁ >h ₂ ;

The height of the vertical support frame is h ₃ , the maximum thickness of the bottom material in the water tank is h ₄ , and h ₂ +h ₃ >h ₁ +h ₄ ;

The total weight of the sounding rod, the upper baffle mechanism provided on the sounding rod and the lower universal base is m, and the sounding rod, the upper part of the sounding rod The baffle mechanism and the lower universal base are located at the buoyancy F _{float min} where the thickness of the bottom material is the largest, and the sounding rod, the upper baffle mechanism and the lower universal base are located in the sounding rod. The buoyancy F _{float max} at the minimum thickness of the substrate, the area of the bottom of the sounding rod base is S, and the shear strength of the substrate is τ, 0<(mg-F _{float max} )/S<(mg-F _{float min} )/S<τ.

In use state: when measuring the groove shape of a certain section, move a laboratory underwater topographic profile measurement device to the top of the water tank at this position, at this time, the tops and bottoms of multiple sounding rods are flush. , then remove the hook, slowly move the lifting frame downward until all the sounding rods no longer fall, take the beam as the reference line, and use the camera to take pictures of the scale of each sounding rod at the beam (reference line) at this time, Then lift up the lifting frame, lift all the sounding rods to the initial position, complete the groove measurement of one section, and then move the beam to the next position to measure the next section, repeat the above steps, you can get several sections groove data. Use the camera to take the depth coordinates of several points of the groove section, draw a scatter diagram, and draw the scatter points into a curve to get the section groove diagram.

The invention is convenient to manufacture, low in cost, economical and practical, does not need to discharge water for measurement, and can measure the groove shape in real time even when the experimental water quality is turbid, thereby providing a reference for underwater model tests.

Based on the above reasons, the present invention can be widely promoted in the fields of underwater measurement experiments and the like.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description These are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a laboratory underwater topographic profile measurement device in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of a laboratory underwater topographic profile measurement device in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper baffle mechanism in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a middle and lower universal base in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a top view of a lifting frame in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a working principle diagram of a laboratory underwater terrain profile measurement device in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, furthermore, it is to be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates that There are features, steps, operations, devices, components and/or combinations thereof.

The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that, for convenience of description, the dimensions of various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the authorized specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as illustrative only and not limiting. Accordingly, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that like numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further discussion in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientations indicated by orientation words such as "front, rear, top, bottom, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" etc. Or the positional relationship is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and these orientation words do not indicate or imply the indicated device or element unless otherwise stated. It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention: the orientation words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.

For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "on", "over", "on the surface", "above", etc., may be used herein to describe what is shown in the figures. The spatial positional relationship of one device or feature shown to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or features would then be oriented "below" or "over" the other devices or features under its device or structure". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can encompass both an orientation of "above" and "below." The device may also be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptions used herein interpreted accordingly.

In addition, it should be noted that the use of words such as "first" and "second" to define components is only for the convenience of distinguishing corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above words have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a laboratory underwater topographic profile measurement device includes two horizontal rails 1 installed in parallel and extending forward and backward installed above a water tank. Cross beam 3, and the bottom ends of the cross beam 3 are provided with wheels 2 matched with the horizontal rail 1; the top ends of the cross beam 3 are fixed with vertically arranged vertical support frames 4. A horizontally arranged lifting frame 8 extending from left to right is arranged between the vertical support frames 4. Both ends of the lifting frame 8 are connected to the hanging rods 41 on the vertical support frame 4 through hooks 9. The vertical support frame 4 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed hanging rods 41 from top to bottom; the beam 3 and the lifting frame 8 both have a plurality of through holes, and a plurality of vertically arranged and graduated measuring rods. The depth bar 5 passes through the through hole of the lifting frame 8 and the through hole of the beam 3 and can move up and down in the through hole. The outer diameter of the upper baffle mechanism 6 is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole, and a lower universal base 7 is installed on the bottom of the sounding rod 5 .

The lower universal base 7 includes a fixed end 71 that is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sounding rod 5, the bottom of the fixed end 71 has a ball head 72, and the ball head 72 is installed in the ball head installation cavity 73, and A contact plate 74 is fixed to the bottom of the ball head mounting cavity 73 , and the contact plate 74 is circular.

The upper baffle mechanism 6 includes an annular upper baffle 61, and the upper baffle 61 is sleeved on the sounding rod 5, and two symmetrically arranged baffles are fixed on the upper baffle 61. The vertical mounting plate 62 is provided with a fixing screw 63 transversely passing through the sounding rod 5 between the two vertical mounting plates 62 , and a locking nut 64 is arranged on the fixing screw 63 .

The vertical fixing frame 4 includes two upright columns 42 arranged in parallel, and the hanging rod 41 is fixed between the two upright columns 42 .

The two ends of the lifting frame 8 have an embracing ring 81 that matches the vertical fixing frame 4, and the vertical fixing frame 4 is arranged in the embracing ring 81. The hook 9 and the embracing ring 81 Hinged.

As shown in FIG. 6 , the length from the upper baffle mechanism 6 of the sounding rod 5 to the lower universal base 7 is h ₁ , the depth from the beam 3 to the bottom of the water tank is h ₂ , and h ₁ >h ₂ ;

The height of the vertical support frame 4 is h ₃ , the maximum thickness of the bottom material in the water tank is h ₄ , and h ₂ +h ₃ >h ₁ +h ₄ ;

The sum of the weight of the sounding rod 5, the upper baffle mechanism 6 and the lower universal base 7 arranged on the sounding rod 5 is m, and the sounding rod 5, which is arranged on this sounding rod The buoyancy F _{float min} of the upper baffle mechanism 6 and the lower universal base 7 at the position with the maximum thickness of the bottom material on the 5, the sounding rod 5, the upper baffle set on the sounding rod 5 The buoyancy F _buoyancy of the plate mechanism 6 and the lower universal base 7 at the minimum thickness of the bottom material, the area of the bottom of the sounding rod base 7 (contacting the plate 74 ) is S, and the shear strength of the bottom material is τ, 0<(mg-F _{float max} )/S<(mg-F _{float min} )/S<τ.

Taking the measurement of the groove shape during the underwater jet scouring test as an example, the measurement process of a laboratory underwater terrain profile measuring device is described in detail. When measuring the groove shape, the beam 3 is moved along the horizontal guide rail 1 to a designated position. Remove the hook 9 and slowly lower the lifting frame 8 until all the sounding rods 5 with scales touch the sand surface, that is, all the sounding rods 5 no longer fall, take the beam 3 as the reference line, and use the camera to take pictures of this When reading the readings of each sounding rod 5, lift the sounding rod 5 with the lifting frame 8, lift all the sounding rods 5 to a uniform height, and use the hook 9 to hang the lifting frame 8 on the vertical support beam 4, After completing the measurement of one section, move the beam 3 along the horizontal guide rail 1 to the next section position to be measured, and repeat the above steps for measurement. Finally, draw a scatter diagram according to the measured coordinate values of the section, and draw a curve to obtain the groove shape of each section.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. scope.

Claims (6)

1. a laboratory underwater topographic profile measuring device, is characterized in that, comprises two horizontal rails that are installed in parallel above the water tank and extend back and forth, the top of the horizontal rail is provided with a horizontal beam extending left and right, and all Both ends of the bottom of the beam are provided with wheels matched with the horizontal rails; both ends of the top of the beam are fixed with vertical support frames arranged vertically, and a vertical support frame is arranged between the two vertical support frames. A lifting frame arranged horizontally and extending left and right, the two ends of the lifting frame are connected with the hanging rods on the vertical support frame through hooks, and the vertical support frame is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed The hanging rod; the beam and the lifting frame both have a plurality of through holes, and a plurality of vertically arranged sounding rods with scales pass through the through holes of the lifting frame, the through holes of the beam and can Moving up and down in the through hole, the upper part of the sounding rod is fixed with an upper baffle mechanism, the outer diameter of the upper baffle mechanism is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole, and the bottom of the sounding rod is installed with a lower part Universal base. 2. A laboratory underwater terrain profile measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the lower universal base comprises a fixed end fixedly connected with the bottom of the sounding rod, and the bottom of the fixed end has The ball head is installed in the ball head installation cavity, and a contact plate is fixed at the bottom of the ball head installation cavity, and the contact plate is circular. 3. A laboratory underwater topographic profile measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper baffle mechanism comprises a circular upper baffle, and the upper baffle is sleeved On the sounding rod, two symmetrically arranged vertical mounting plates are fixed on the upper baffle plate, and a fixing screw that transversely passes through the sounding rod is arranged between the two vertical mounting plates, And the fixing screw is provided with a locking nut. 4. a kind of laboratory underwater topographic profile measurement device according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described vertical fixing frame comprises two vertical columns arranged in parallel, and described hanging rod is fixed on two described between the columns. 5. a kind of laboratory underwater terrain profile measuring device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the two ends of described lifting frame have the holding ring that matches with described vertical fixing frame, and described vertical fixing The frame is arranged in the holding ring, and the hook is hinged with the holding ring. 6. A laboratory underwater topographic profile measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the length from the upper baffle mechanism of the sounding rod to the lower universal base is h ₁ , and the length of the beam to the water tank is h 1 . The depth of the bottom is h ₂ , h ₁ >h ₂ ; The height of the vertical support frame is h ₃ , the maximum thickness of the bottom material in the water tank is h ₄ , and h ₂ +h ₃ >h ₁ +h ₄ ; The total weight of the sounding rod, the upper baffle mechanism provided on the sounding rod and the lower universal base is m, and the sounding rod, the upper part of the sounding rod The baffle mechanism and the lower universal base are located at the buoyancy F _{float min} where the thickness of the bottom material is the largest, and the sounding rod, the upper baffle mechanism and the lower universal base are located in the sounding rod. The buoyancy F _{float max} at the minimum thickness of the substrate, the area of the bottom of the sounding rod base is S, and the shear strength of the substrate is τ, 0<(mg-F _{float max} )/S<(mg-F _{float min} )/S<τ.

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